The Three Gorges Dam was built in 1994, and nine experts refused to sign the plan. Have those worries happened now?

The beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges has attracted many literati since ancient times, where they wrote poems handed down to future generations.

From Baidicheng, fengjie county, Chongqing in the west to Nanjinguan, Yichang City, Hubei Province in the east, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is193km long, with rolling mountains on both sides along the way.

65438-0994, the Three Gorges Dam was officially started. The construction of this world-class water conservancy project has brought the floods in the Yangtze River basin under control. Using the Three Gorges Dam to generate electricity reduces coal pollution and is beneficial to environmental construction.

Today, the Three Gorges Dam has become a tourist card in China, and it is also a must-see spot for ordinary people to travel to Hubei.

But in fact, when the Three Gorges Dam was completed, the voice of opposition was extremely high, and nine experts even refused to sign the consent form directly.

Why on earth is this? What are their concerns?

In fact, as early as 1894, Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Li Hongzhang expounded his thoughts on water conservancy:

However, at that time, the Qing government was at home and abroad, and it was too busy to take care of these constructions related to people's livelihood, so this great proposal was shelved.

But Dr. Sun Yat-sen didn't give up. Although it cannot be implemented now, it can be planned.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen clearly knows that the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River contains huge hydraulic resources, so he made a detailed plan in the second general program of the founding of the People's Republic of China-industrial plan. This is the first time that China people put forward the idea of developing the Three Gorges Water Conservancy.

During the period of 1949, the Yangtze River basin suffered a serious flood disaster, and the middle and lower reaches were flooded in a large area, and the people were displaced and lost their homes. Flood control and flood fighting became the top priority of the country.

After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao attached great importance to the flood control in the Yangtze River and established the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission.

1953, Chairman Mao boldly proposed to build a large-scale water control project in the Three Gorges to block the Yangtze River.

"Build a stone wall of Xijiang River, break Wushan Yu Yun and leave Gaoxia Pinghu." This is Chairman Mao's beautiful idea of building a hydropower dam in the Three Gorges.

The flood season in the south is capricious, and it consumes huge manpower, material resources and financial resources every time. Therefore, at the suggestion of Chairman Mao, the planning of the Three Gorges Project is put on the agenda.

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam can not only prevent floods, as Dr. Sun Yat-sen said, the Three Gorges is rich in water resources, and the use of hydropower is also an important reason.

Hydroelectric power generation, to a great extent, avoids the environmental pollution caused by coal power generation, and is beneficial to the construction of ecological environment, which is inexhaustible.

The West-to-East Power Transmission Project in China is to transmit the power generated by the Three Gorges Dam to the eastern coastal areas, thus alleviating the local power shortage.

Secondly, shipping can develop. Ten thousand-ton ships in the Yangtze River waterway can reach Chongqing Jiulongpo Port, which promotes the local economic development and the national economic development.

Therefore, Chairman Mao and other leaders visited the Three Gorges many times, surveyed the local topography, held meetings, and invited experts to clarify their opinions on whether to build the Three Gorges Dam. The heated debate aroused the chairman's great interest.

During the second five-year plan period, the Ministry of Water and Electricity organized more than 65,438,000 experts to study the site of the Three Gorges Dam and made a detailed feasibility report.

However, by the 1960s, the domestic economic situation and foreign political environment had changed greatly, and the Three Gorges Project had to be put on hold temporarily.

It was not until 1992, more than 30 years later, that the construction of the Three Gorges Dam was once again put on the historical stage. 1994, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam was finally put on the agenda, and Chairman Mao's wish of "high gorge out of Pinghu" was finally realized.

1In July, 1992, the Fifth Session of the Seventh People's Congress decided to approve the construction of the Three Gorges Project.

Building such a huge water conservancy project is not as simple as lip service. Not only will it cost a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, but the surrounding residents must also leave their homes for it.

Therefore, whether or not the Three Gorges Project should be built and where it should be built have become the most controversial issues.

In the voting on the resolution on the construction of the Three Gorges Project, nine experts refused to sign the consent form. They are:

Professor Guo Laixi is a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was originally an activist in the construction of the Three Gorges, but after several arguments, Guo Laixi changed from active to "careful consideration".

First of all, from the natural environment, the Three Gorges is cemented with fine sand, coarse sand and pebbles, which is difficult to be washed away, and the pebble flow at the bottom of the river will be intercepted and deposited at the end of the reservoir.

There is also the influence of creatures living in this water area for the first time, the most obvious of which is the Chinese sturgeon, which is known as the "giant panda in the water". Because of the construction of dams, their upstream spawning channels have been blocked, and they are on the verge of extinction in recent years.

From a humanistic point of view, the indigenous people living around the dam will inevitably be far away from their hometown. For this project, 1, 654,38+0,300,000 people moved on a large scale, and the contradiction between people and land appeared.

Around the Three Gorges, there are nearly 1200 cultural relics and historic sites, which have created the famous Bashu culture. People can move it, but many cultural relics cannot be withdrawn.

From the national point of view, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam was the largest water conservancy project in the world at that time, which took a long time and cost a lot.

Such a huge project has also become the weakness of China's national defense, and the saying of "bombing the Three Gorges Dam to destroy China" has spread like wildfire.

At that time, there were experts who studied geology, sediment and flood control, and each expert considered the problem from a different angle.

From this perspective, it is not unreasonable for experts not to sign the consent form.

Although some people objected and some abstained, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam was put on the agenda.

1994 12 14, the foundation stone laying ceremony was held for the Three Gorges Project.

In order to raise funds for construction, the state issued Three Gorges bonds with a total amount of 654.38 billion yuan.

The Three Gorges Project started in an all-round way. By the end of 1997, the interception task was basically realized and the first stage was successfully completed.

The second stage of construction, from 1998 to 2003, took six years to complete the reservoir storage, the main project construction and the electromechanical installation.

In 2009, the Three Gorges Dam was officially completed, and the water level rose to 175 meters, with a total investment of more than 200 billion RMB.

After the Three Gorges Project was put into use, the water storage capacity increased and hydropower was put into use, with an annual cumulative power generation of nearly 65,438+1000 billion kilowatts, which greatly reduced the carbon dioxide emissions caused by coal use.

In the process of power transmission from west to east, it has benefited dozens of provinces.

Moreover, the concerns of experts in those years were taken into account when the country was building.

Rare plants are protected or transplanted in situ, and immovable cultural relics are rescued and protected.

Follow-up also carried out water ecological protection. 3 103, China Three Gorges Group released more than 8,000 juvenile Chinese sturgeon and 852,000 rare and endemic fish.

At the same time, China Three Gorges Group also actively responded to pollution, and effectively treated and recycled the wastewater and floating garbage generated during the operation of the Three Gorges Dam.

In the garbage cleaning and drifting work, about 300 people and 16 ships are put into salvage floating garbage every day.

The state has also made proper arrangements for those who emigrated to build dams, and 45% of the funds are used here.

In 20 14, the Three Gorges Dam officially became a national tourist attraction, and an endless stream of tourists came to see the scenery of the Three Gorges every day, which also promoted the development of local tourism and solved the employment problem of local people.

On the issue of national defense, an American officer once joked about the Three Gorges: If you blow up your Three Gorges Dam, will it flood 200 million people or 300 million people?

General Jin Yinan became serious immediately after hearing these words. His eyes narrowed slightly and said slowly, "why don't you try to move?"

Although the Three Gorges Dam is a tourist attraction, it is also a military stronghold. Security is tight.

For those countries or individuals who want to make a fuss about the Three Gorges Dam, China once made a statement in "Breaking the Floor in the World":

China is still a country that values peace. It is no longer a backward country. When it comes to being tough, China will never be weak.

Today, the Three Gorges Dam is still working and playing a huge role, and the experts' objections at that time were from different angles. There is no good or bad, and there is no right or wrong.

We should pay tribute to those experts who dare to say no. It is their opposition that makes our work more serious, our plan more detailed and favorable, and our guarantee more scientific and perfect.

As Professor Guo Laixi said: A generation of intellectuals has the responsibility of a generation of intellectuals, but in the end they all want to make this era better!