The history of Fuzhou

Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province, located in the lower reaches of Minjiang River in the east of Fujian Province. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the province, and also the hub of water, land and air transportation in the province.

The three mountains stand proudly, the Minjiang River runs through the urban area, and the White Pagoda, Wuta and Twin Towers confront each other, which constitutes Rongcheng's unique urban pattern of "three mountains, two towers and one river". It is blessed with beautiful scenery and extraordinary momentum, and is known as "Southeast Metropolis" and "City of Wealth".

Fuzhou has jurisdiction over five districts, two cities and six counties (Gulou, Taijiang, Cangshan, Jin 'an, Mawei, Fuqing, Changle, Minhou, Luoyuan, Lianjiang, Pingtan, Minqing and Yongtai), with a total area of 1 1968 square kilometers and a population of 5.8 million, including 65,438 in the urban area.

Fuzhou is an ancient city with a history of more than 2200 years.

In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), the descendants of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, built a city capital here, which was called "Yecheng".

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (725), it was called "Fuzhou" because "there are floating mountains in the north of the state".

In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the King of Fujian expanded Jiacheng and surrounded the beautiful Yushan Mountain, Wushi Mountain and Pingshan Mountain in the city. Since then, Fuzhou has become a unique city with "mountains in the city and cities in the mountains", and "Three Mountains" has become another name for Fuzhou.

Due to the seal of the king, Fujian Wang Jian established the "Fujian State" among the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" in China history, with Fuzhou as its capital. Since then, Fuzhou has been called "the capital of Fujian".

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Boyu, the magistrate of Pingping, mobilized citizens to plant banyan trees widely, which was later called "Rongcheng".

Fuzhou is known as "Zou Lu by the Sea".

A long history and culture have nurtured talents throughout the ages.

Among them are patriotic celebrity Wang of Southern Song Dynasty, modern national hero Li Gang, enlightenment thinker Lin Zexu, writer Lin Shu, revolutionary martyr Lin Juemin of 1911, naval veteran Sa Zhenbing, revolutionary martyr of 227, etc. In the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties alone, there were 3,632 Fuzhou-born scholars, including 7 top scholars, ranking first among the state capitals in China, and there were countless celebrities in modern times.

Fuzhou is also the cradle of China's modern navy. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the viceroy, viceroy and commander-in-chief of 13 Ren Haijun were all under the control of Fuzhou people.

199 1 year, among the outstanding experts and scholars in China in modern times, 53 were from Fuzhou, and 47 were Fuzhou academicians of China Academy of Sciences, ranking among the best in the cities in China.

There are many places of interest in Fuzhou, and the charming natural landscape and colorful cultural landscape are integrated and complement each other.

Up to now, many cultural relics are still well preserved.

According to census statistics, 4,497 cultural relics such as ancient sites, ancient buildings and ancient tombs have been discovered.

Among them, Neolithic site 8 1; 67 Shang and Zhou sites; There are 2040 ancient wooden buildings from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 ancient pagodas and buildings and 354 ancient bridges.

Among them, there are 4 national key cultural relics protection units and 54 provincial protection units.

Famous cultural relics include: Hualin Temple, the oldest wooden structure building in the south of China, which was built 1000 years ago; Brick of the Tang Dynasty, dating from 1 0,000 years ago, is known as one of the "four famous monuments in the world". More than 200 years ago, it was called the "world treasure" of calligraphy.

Fuzhou faces the sea, and the Minjiang River passes through the city, with an average annual runoff of more than 60 billion cubic meters, an ocean area of nearly 65.438+0.2 million square kilometers, and more than 620 kinds of aquatic fish. It is one of the three major mariculture bases in China.

The coastline is long1137km, and there are more than 10,000-ton natural harbors 10.

Fuzhou is connected with Taiwan Province Island by water, and Dongao Port is only 70 nautical miles away from Hsinchu, Taiwan Province Province.

Mawei Port is 488 nautical miles from Hongkong and 433 nautical miles from Shanghai. It is a maritime hub connecting China and the Asia-Pacific region.

There are many entrepreneurs who made a living overseas in past dynasties, and now there are more than 2.5 million overseas Chinese distributed all over the world.

There are nearly one million returned overseas Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao, and more than 600,000 Fuzhou folks in Taiwan Province Province.

Fuzhou has a pleasant climate, evergreen trees, subtropical maritime monsoon climate, warm and humid, and abundant rainfall.

The annual frost-free period is 326 days, with an average annual sunshine 1700- 1980 hours and a relative humidity of 77%.

The annual average temperature is 19.6℃, the highest in 10/0.5℃, the hottest in July is 26.8℃, and the annual average precipitation is1342.5mm. ..

Crops are harvested three times a year, fruits and vegetables are fragrant in all seasons, and vegetables are abundant in all seasons.

Fuzhou mountain area accounts for 80%, and its forest resources are very rich.

Fuzhou is an open coastal city and a unique tourist city.

Rich in natural resources and tourism resources, with outstanding landscape features, there are Zuo Qi (Qishan), Yougu (Gushan) and Beilian (Lianhuafeng) Nanhu (Wuhu Mountain) arched buildings with a drainage area of 1.440 square kilometers.

With the rise of Minjiang River, the cases of Jixiang Mountain, Yantaishan Mountain, Gaogaishan Mountain and Wuhu Mountain have risen, and Wushi Mountain and Yushan Mountain are left and right respectively.

Baita and Wuta each have their own things. Jin 'an River and Baima River are like dragons coming out of the water, with Pingshan as the pearl, showing the trend of "double dragons playing with pearls".

Gushan, the first scenic spot in Fuzhou, and Xichan Temple, a national key Buddhist temple, have long been famous at home and abroad.

West Lake Park, Zuohai Park, Forest Park, Hot Spring Park and Crocodile Park in the urban area have their own characteristics and different scenery.

Pingtan Haitan Resort in suburban county is a national key scenic spot.

There are also provincial-level scenic spots such as Shizhu Mountain in Fuqing, Qingzhi Mountain in Lianjiang, Qingyun Mountain in Yongtai and Eighteen Rivers in Minhou.

These picturesque mountains and rivers, long history and colorful culture have attracted countless Chinese and foreign tourists.

Fuzhou's folk handicrafts have long enjoyed a good reputation. Traditional handicrafts are called "Three Treasures of Fuzhou", based on lacquerware, horn comb and paper umbrella.

/kloc-Shoushan stone carving with a history of more than 0/500 years and bodiless lacquerware with a history of more than 200 years are famous at home and abroad, and are also called "three wonders of Rongcheng" with cork painting.

There are also traditional arts with a long history, such as Fujian Opera, storytelling, classical ten fans, and the singing of Fuzhou letters.

Fujian cuisine, represented by Fuzhou cuisine, is one of the eight major cuisines in China, and the famous dish "Buddha jumps over the wall" is well-known at home and abroad.

Fish balls, Taiping Yan, fixed-edge paste and noodles are all unique local snacks.

Fuzhou is also one of the three hot spring areas in China. Hot springs are distributed in the center of Fiona Fang, covering an area of about 9 square kilometers, which is rare in large and medium-sized cities at home and abroad.

Why is Fuzhou called "the capital"? It turns out that as early as 1000 years ago, in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Wang went south to Fujian with his brother Wang Chao, and captured Fuzhou in 893 AD. In the third year of Kaiping (909), Liang Taizu was made King of Fujian, and Fujian was established.

Because the capital is located in Fuzhou, Fuzhou has since been called "the capital of Fujian".

In addition, Fuzhou was used as a temporary capital twice in the history of China.

Once at the end of the Song Dynasty, in the second year of Deyou (AD 1276), Yuan soldiers captured Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Gong Xian and the Empress Dowager were both captured by Yuan soldiers, and his brother Zhao Yun ascended the throne in Fuzhou on May 1st, calling himself Emperor Duanzong.

At that time, Fuzhou became the temporary capital, and the year number was changed to "Jingyan".

However, in less than half a year, Yuan Bing marched into Fuzhou from Zhejiang, attacked Shaowucheng in October, and went south to Nanping in November, approaching Fuzhou.

At that time, the governor of Fujian, Wang Kaicheng, surrendered, and Emperor Duanzong fled to Guangdong by sea.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, in May of the first year of Hong Guang (A.D. 1645), Fuzhou was temporarily established as the capital for the second time.

Du Nan in the Ming Dynasty (now Nanjing) was captured by Qing soldiers. Zhu Zhu, the ninth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, entered Fujian from Hangzhou and was appointed as the country's supervisor. So he proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou and changed his era to "Longwu", that is, the "Emperor Longwu" of Nanming.

At the same time, Fujian was changed to "Fu Jeer", Fuzhou's political envoy's office was used as the emperor's palace, and a number of civil and military officials were appointed to important positions, just like Beijing's norms.

Among them, Zheng Zhilong, his father, was named "Pinglu Hou" and was awarded the national surname (Zhu).

But soon, Zheng Zhilong rebelled and the situation reversed.

Xianxialing is closed for a hundred miles without soldiers guarding it. Seeing that the situation was not good, Emperor Longwu decided to leave Fuzhou, the temporary capital, and move to western Fujian via Nanping.

In the second year, the Qing army invaded Jianning County in northern Fujian, which was almost equal to Nanping. Ming Chengzu Zhu hurried to Changting. In August of this year (1646), he and his wife were both captured and died.

Fuzhou is a famous cultural city with a long history of more than 2,000 years. It has been called Minzhong, Jinan, Fengcheng, Sanshan, Changle, Rongcheng, Tianxingfu, Fuan, Minhai, Zhou Min and Quanzhou.

Minzhong: In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China and divided it into 36 counties.

Seven years later, four counties were added, among which Fujian was called "the middle of Fujian" and Fuzhou was its ruling place, so the ancients called Fujian "the middle of Fujian" in a broad sense and Fuzhou "the middle of Fujian" in a narrow sense.

Du Xunhe (846-904), a famous realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Chizhou (now Taiping, Anhui). When he lived in Fuzhou, he left a poem describing autumn in Fuzhou. The title is "Qiu Si in Central Fujian": "The rain occasionally uses purple chrysanthemums, and the wind makes banana leaves sound; The north shore is the sea on the south side of the mountain, just like a painting. " Explain that Fuzhou was called "Min Zhong" at that time, with picturesque autumn colors, but the traffic was inconvenient more than 1000 years ago, so the poem was finally called "unbearable".

"Jin 'an": During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jin people fled the Central Plains and entered Fujian, formerly known as "Eight surnames entered Fujian". Many aristocratic families settled on both sides of the Jin 'an River at the east gate of Fuzhou, so Fuzhou was nicknamed "Jin 'an" at this time.

Fengcheng: Guo Pu, a geography student in Jin Dynasty, opened up a new city for Fuzhou and expanded its scope.

He said in "Moving to the City" that Fuzhou "has the shape of Phoenix".

Therefore, Fuzhou is regarded as "Fengcheng". Nowadays, many place names in Fuzhou still bear the word "Phoenix", such as Phoenix Pool in Ximen, Big Fengshan, Small Fengshan, Phoenix Square in Dongjie, Fengqiu Mountain in Dongmen, Fengqiu Helin in Fuzhou in Song Dynasty and Fengchi Academy in Sanmufang in Qing Dynasty.

Today, a sculpture of "Three Mountains in Feng Ming" stands at the southern end of the Second Minjiang Bridge, symbolizing the south gate of Fuzhou.

"Three Mountains": In the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the scope of Fuzhou was further expanded, and Pingshan, Wu Shan and Yushan were all included in the city, so Fuzhou was later nicknamed "Three Mountains".

Nowadays, the guild organization of overseas Chinese gathering place in Fuzhou is still called "Sanshan Guild Hall".

Changle: In 933 AD, after the death of Kaimin's ancestor Wang, his son Wang proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou and changed his name to Changle. Therefore, Changle in this historical period does not refer to Changle City today, but refers to Fuzhou.

Rongcheng: During the Song Dynasty to Pingnian, Zhang Boyu, the magistrate of Fuzhou, mobilized residents to "plant banyan trees in households", so "the city is full of green trees, and summer is not covered".

Since then, Fuzhou has been nicknamed "Rongcheng".

"Fu 'an": At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, when Yuan soldiers marched south, Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, escorted wangyi into Fujian, established a temporary "national capital" in Fuzhou and changed Fuzhou to "Fu 'an".

Star House: At the end of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the first year of Hong Guang (1645), Nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, was captured by Qing soldiers. Zhu, the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang IX, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, entered Fujian from Hangzhou, proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou, and changed his country name to "longwu", calling Fujian "Fu Jeer" and Fuzhou Tianxingfu.