What is the rule of fertilizer requirements for potatoes? How to fertilize correctly?

Potatoes, also known as potatoes, have different names in different regions, such as potatoes, yam eggs, etc. They are a crop that can be used as both grain and vegetable. Now let me talk about the fertilizer requirements of potatoes and scientific fertilization methods.

1. Characteristics of fertilizer requirements of potatoes

After years of research, researchers have found that for every 1,000 kilograms of potatoes produced, it needs to absorb 3.5 to 5.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen and two pentoxides. Phosphorus is 2.0 to 2.2 kg, potassium oxide is required to be 0.6 to 12.0 kg, and the ratio of the three is 1:0.5:2.5.

It can be seen that potatoes require the largest amount of potassium fertilizer, and they are a typical potassium-loving crop. The amount and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by potatoes vary with the growth period of potatoes.

1. The seedling stage is the vegetative growth stage of potatoes. At this stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the plant are 18, 14 and 14 of the total amount of the entire growth period respectively. At this stage, the main source of nutrients in the early stage is provided by seed potatoes. After the seed potatoes can sprout new roots, they will absorb nutrients from the soil and fertilizer.

2. During the tuber formation period, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by it accounted for 35, 30 and 29 of the total amount respectively, and the absorption rate at this time was relatively fast. The quality of fertilizer provided at this stage will affect the number of potatoes.

3. The growth period of tubers. This stage is mainly based on the growth of tubers. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the plant account for 35, 35 and 43% of the total amount respectively, and the nutrient requirements are The amount is also the largest, and its absorption rate is second only to the formation period of tubers.

4. Starch accumulation period. At this stage, nutrients in the leaves will transfer to the tubers. At this time, the stems and leaves will gradually wither, and the amount of nutrient absorption will also begin to reduce. The plant absorbs nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The amounts account for 12, 21, and 14 of the total nutrients respectively. Supplying certain nutrients at this time is of great significance for the formation of tubers and the accumulation of starch.

2. Correct fertilization method for potatoes

Potato fertilization technology must follow the principle of using farmyard manure as the main component, chemical fertilizer as the supplement, basal fertilizer as the main component, and appropriate top dressing.

1. Basal fertilizer for potatoes

Because potatoes are tuber crops, they like loose sandy soil and require a cool climate. Base fertilizer should be applied again. It is recommended that the amount of fertilizer should account for more than 2/3 of the total amount of fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should account for about 50%. At this time, the main amount should be fully decomposed farmyard manure, and then a certain amount of fertilizer should be applied. Chemical fertilizers, especially potassium and phosphate fertilizers, can improve the physical properties of the soil, which is also beneficial to plant growth and potato formation.

For the specific amount of fertilizer, it is recommended to apply 2,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, 15 kilograms of urea, 20 to 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 to 2 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, or apply high-nitrogen fertilizers. The amount of high-potassium compound fertilizer is 40 to 60 kilograms. If it is a high-yielding plot, the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately.

The application method of base fertilizer is: before planting potatoes, apply it in a ditch or in a hole. Chemical fertilizer must be applied 2 to 3 cm away from the seed potatoes, so as to avoid direct contact between the fertilizer and the seed potatoes. After fertilizing, cover with soil.

2. Top-dressing methods for potatoes

Depending on the different planting soils, the methods of fertilizing are also different:

(1) Top-dressing for clay soil

During the potato growth stage, it is recommended that 20 kg of three-element compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate be applied per mu of land. The application method is to apply trenches or dig holes. Both methods can be used. Note that after application, cover it with fine soil first to avoid volatilization and loss, and then water it, which is conducive to dissolution.

In the tuber expansion period, 30 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate should be applied per mu of land.

(2) Topdressing of sandy land

After the seedlings are collected, it is recommended to topdress with 12 to 15 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer per mu of land every 15 days. ***Requires top dressing 3 to 5 times.

The method of topdressing is to dig trenches or dig holes. Note that after fertilizing, cover it with soil and then start watering. You can also topdress after it rains.

After potatoes bloom, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed on the leaves. It is recommended to spray 50 kilograms of 0.3 to 0.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves per mu of land. If there is a nitrogen deficiency, 100 kilograms can be added. ~150 grams of urea is recommended to be sprayed every 10 to 15 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times continuously. Potatoes are very sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or zinc, you can use 0.1 to 0.3 borax or zinc sulfate to spray outside the roots. It is recommended to spray every 7 days. Once, it needs to be sprayed twice continuously, and the solution used per mu of land is 50 to 70 kilograms. Potatoes are another kind of crop that prefers potassium. Special attention must be paid to the application of potassium fertilizers while balancing fertilizer application. At the same time, it should be noted that it is not advisable to apply too much chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, and you should choose to apply potassium sulfate, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.

The above is the fertilizer requirement of potatoes and the correct method of fertilization. If you have any questions, you can also leave a message in the comment area.