The most effective first aid method for burns and scalds? How to treat burns and scalds first aid?

Many people may accidentally touch a pot or something very hot when cooking, which will cause skin burns. Or maybe they didn't burn to death when they were alive. If it's not serious, it may just be red and swollen. But if it is serious, it must be sent to the hospital for examination in time. What is the most effective first aid for burns and scalds? How to treat burns and scalds first aid?

1, burns and scalds of different degrees

First-degree burns and scalds are characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, sensitivity, dry surface without blisters and skin damage.

The manifestations of second-degree burns are: severe pain, sensitivity and blisters. After the blister falls off, you can see that the wound is even red and edema is obvious.

The manifestations of deep second-degree scald are: insensitive, with or without blisters, pale base, occasional red spots, moist wound surface, pain when plucking hair, and normal anatomical structure of hair roots. After a few days, if there is no infection, reticular embolism may occur.

Third-degree burns and scalds are manifested as follows: the skin pain disappears, it is inelastic, dry and without blisters, such as leathery, waxy white, brown or carbonized; Pulling out hair is painless, and there is no normal anatomical structure of hair roots. After a few days, a large number of dendritic embolic vessels may appear.

2. The most effective emergency method

(1) Basic treatment of burns and scalds

If you have just been burned or scalded, you can cool the wound, prevent the residual heat from hurting the deep tissue of the skin and relieve the pain.

Treatment method:

1, washing the wound with white wine only needs ordinary white wine (20~50 degrees white wine, without alcohol), which can quickly absorb the residual heat of burns;

2, if there is no wine, you can use pure water to wash rice, and take the second rice washing water to wash the wound to cool down;

3, or rinse with cold water to cool down.

(2) Treatment of first degree burns and scalds

If there is aloe at home, you can apply aloe juice to the wound, which can play a therapeutic role; If not, you can go to the drugstore to buy some flower oil or burn ointment, but these are drugs for treating superficial burns and scalds, which are only suitable for first-degree burns, and deep burns require professional burn drugs.

(3) Treatment of second degree burns and scalds

1, first used for basic treatment of cooling wounds;

2. If there are foreign bodies in the wound, be careful to remove them when cleaning the wound with the second rice washing water.

3. If there is any medicine for burns, use it in time. If there is no treatment for first-degree burns and scalds, the injury can be alleviated. Then send it to the hospital for treatment or find a professional burn medicine.

4. Severe burns and scalds should not be bandaged. Exposure therapy is beneficial to the recovery of injury, which can speed up the recovery and reduce the chance of leaving scars.

5. If there are signs of fever, you need to take antipyretics; If you feel thirsty, you need to take light salt water orally to replenish water; If the wound is inflamed, antibiotics can be used to reduce inflammation, such as cefalexin, erythromycin and gentamicin.

(4) First aid for third-degree burns and scalds

First aid steps

(1) Rescue the patient and leave the scene safely as soon as possible.

(2) Wash or soak in cold water to cool the burned area and reduce the skin temperature.

③ Take off or cut off clothes caught on fire or soaked in hydrothermal solution as soon as possible.

Hydrothermal burns should be cooled before taking off clothes or cutting off, otherwise the free epidermis will be torn off with clothes and pants after burns, causing serious consequences.

④ Check patients quickly and simply, estimate the severity of burns, and give priority to life-threatening problems.

(5) First aid points for third-degree burns and scalds

1, immediately cool the burned (scalded) area, rinse the burned (scalded) area with cold water 10 ~ 30 minutes or soak it in cold water until it feels painless. 2. After cooling, cut off or take off your underwear. 3, don't give thirsty wounded drink boiled water. 4. In case of asphyxia, a thick needle can be used to pierce the trachea from the cricothyroid membrane of the patient to maintain breathing. 5, properly protect the wound, don't pick the blisters on the wound. Don't apply medicine or ointment to the wound. 6. Go to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible. 7, when handling, the patient should take the supine position, the movement should be gentle, smooth, and observe the patient's situation at any time, for breathing, heartbeat stopped on the way, should be on-site rescue.

3, to prevent respiratory tract soup injury

Third-degree burns and scalds often occur in fires and explosions. In this case, the smoke is often rolling, and the heat of the smoke is very high, which can easily lead to body burns. After the explosion of dangerous chemicals, the smoke contains a lot of toxic chemicals, which can easily lead to chemical burns of respiratory tract, edema and blockage of respiratory tract, and even suffocation.

In this case, take a towel or cloth with you, cover your nose and mouth, squat down and crawl forward, and don't open your eyes wide, so you can see the escape route clearly. If the dust falls on the skin of clothes, you should take off your clothes immediately and take a shower in time.

4. Preventive measures after burns and scalds

If burns and scalds are not well protected, it is easy to induce secondary pollution. Can be covered with clean dressings, towels, sheets, etc. Or simply wrap it up and give it proper protection to achieve the following "three noes".

First, don't apply colored drugs, such as mercuric chloride and gentian violet, so as not to hinder the observation of the wound and the judgment of the depth.

Second, don't smear hard-to-remove substances, such as toothpaste, incense ashes, yellow sauce, soy sauce, sesame oil, etc. Because these substances will not have any therapeutic effect on wounds, but will hinder debridement and increase the chance of wound contamination.

Third, don't smear inappropriate substances on burn wounds, and don't smear drugs at will, such as unknown doses of antibiotics and disinfectants, so as not to cause excessive absorption and poisoning.

5. Treatment of wound surface

Cold therapy has a certain mechanical cleaning effect on the wound surface, and most of the wounds are clean. If there is a blister, don't break it or tear off the blister skin, which can reduce the chance of wound contamination. Do not apply colored drugs or oily dressings on the wound surface, so as not to affect the estimation and treatment of the wound depth. Wrap the wound with clean sheets or dressings for protection, and then send the wounded to the nearest hospital for further treatment.