What are the stages of modern football development in my country?

The evolution of football (there were originally pictures, but there were too many pictures to upload, so there are only text descriptions:)

Let’s talk about the evolution of football itself~

In the past, the football was made of skins one by one like volleyball.

Then, there were 12 black regular pentagons and 20 white regular hexagons. The ball has almost become the logo of football.

Then, the appearance of football has become diversified. The earliest one should be the official ball of the World Cup in France-Chinese The name is a three-color ball (suddenly I think of the red ball winning numbers on TV: 01 02, basketball winning numbers: 23 14...):

It seems that this football is the symbol of the so-called 2.0.

Afterwards, "Flying Firestar", "Flying Meteor", "Nike 90", "Logbook", etc. appeared. In addition to their rich appearance, they also added more technological content to them. , so that the standard of football is not just about shape, size, and weight. The above-mentioned footballs will be mentioned one by one later.

I have to admit that the driving force of scientific and technological progress is that the audience wants to see more Score goals and see more passionate live matches. Therefore, every new football comes out, which is another torture for goalkeepers and defenders. Most of the research on football is focused on increasing the threat of the ball. After a lot of effort, the first thing is to make the ball fly faster, secondly to have an erratic and weird arc during the flight of the ball, to increase the accuracy, to enhance the quality and stability of the ball, etc.

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The Flying Star of 2002

Since the introduction of the game ball in 1970, Adidas has used the harmonious design of black pentagon and white hexagon until 1974, and then to 1998 So far, the combination of white pentagons and hexagons engraved with black triangle patterns has not exceeded the pattern of honeycomb black and white coordination.

However, "Flying Fireball" depicts a visual windmill shape on the white background. The four golden triangles of the turbine engine are completely different from the previous honeycomb models. The golden triangles are painted with dark green triangles and red flames. There are four colors: white, gold, green, and red. Composition.

Of course, the most revolutionary thing about Bolide is its process. The high-tech synthetic foam layer structure used in "Bolide" is based on the improvement of the three-color ball of the 98 France World Cup. The improved foam layer is composed of numerous ultra-pressure-resistant and equal-sized micro-airbags. This structure gives the ball body outstanding energy recovery performance and additional force cushioning performance, effectively improving the controllability and accuracy of the football. Degree.

The 2004 logbook

It is the first time in science and technology that the two major technologies of thermal bonding and dynamic balancing, which have been researched for more than four years, are used. The process is divided into 40 steps:

1 is the standard for cutting cotton cloth into 1.4-meter squares;

2 to 7 are for gluing, drying, cutting, sewing, folding, and weighing the cloth to make an inner liner. ;

8 to 14 are to install the air nozzle on the liner, inflate, weigh, and check for metal or foreign objects; 15 to 26 are to make the shell and implant it into the liner;

27 to 33 are heating, adjusting air pressure, shaping, and cleaning; 34 to 38 are reviewing air pressure, appearance, and weight in sequence; 39 is loading into packaging Plastic bags;

40 means you’re done, packed and shipped.

You can see the specific production process here. If you don’t see many pictures here, you can also see here

(According to legend, doesn’t a certain domestic suit brand have more than a hundred processes? How awesome is that~ Isn’t it time for Adidas to break out of Europe and go global? Come to us to learn from us, and fuck him too. Hundreds of processes...)

The logbook mainly enhances the quality and stability of the ball through advanced technology, and more

It is some improvement on the basis of Firebolt.

Team star in 2006!

Have you ever imagined that a football is made of 14 pieces of skin?! Come to the World Cup When we arrived at the Adidas base camp, a revolutionary new football was born!

The roundness and surface smoothness of the football directly determine the stability and accuracy of its operation, "Between the teams The extraordinary thing about "Star" is that she revolutionaryly reduced the spherical pieces to 14 pieces! This innovation changed the splicing points on the outer surface of the ball from the original 60 to 24, and the total length of the splicing line also changed from 40.05 cm down to 33.93 cm. This block design combined with Adidas' unique seamless lamination technology allows "Team Star" to show unprecedented excellent performance.

Team Star puts it in the mechanical The accuracy in the leg test has increased by nearly 30! At the same time, all performance indicators have improved. It is also the best-selling competition ball so far, with nearly twice the sales volume of the Flying Bolide, and this The numbers are still increasing!

European Pass in 2008

It seems that the ball used in every European Championship is an upgraded version of the World Cup ball two years ago. This European Pass also No exception, the new game ball mainly introduces a new concept and indicator - that is, the friction force when the athlete touches the ball with his feet. The increase of this coefficient means that the athlete can kick more exaggerated curve balls and falling leaves. The ball, maybe the free kick passing the corner flag will no longer be Carlos's patent.

This European pass uses the new PSC-Texture technology, and the surface cortex adopts a unique texture design, making the football in Under different weather conditions, transmission force, rotation and accuracy have been greatly improved. For goalkeepers, the non-smooth surface also increases the grip between the goalkeeper's gloves and the ball.

The name of the 2010 World Cup Football

Universal Celebration is the name of the ball. The ball used in the 2010 Football World Cup: produced by Adidas, the ball named "Kopanya" means "playing football together". The surface of this ball It is covered with mysterious patterns composed of red, green, yellow and black colors. The name of the ball, Kopanya, comes from Lesotho, a tribe in southern South Africa, and means "together".

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Perhaps some friends have only now discovered that small football is incorporating more and more modern technology content. This is indeed the case. Here is a brief introduction to several technical points that are much talked about in modern football technology. Bar~

Sphere Circumference Test

The consistency of the sphere’s circumference is one of the important properties of football. A perfect sphere with a consistent circumference can enable players to better dribble and control the football. Run. To calculate the average sphere circumference of a football, each Adidas match ball is passed through 10 different sphere test points to measure the sphere circumference.

Durable Round Sphere Test

Perfect A round ball football can help football players demonstrate their superb football skills. The closer the football ball is to a perfect circle, the more stable the football will be in flight, the higher the accuracy, and the more predictable the football flight will be. New type The special-shaped piece design enables the football to better transfer the kicker's power and effectively reduce the target area angle formed after the football flies. The larger pieces on the football surface can provide players with more and better kicking points. .

Water Absorption Test

The performance of a wet football and a dry football are completely different. A wet football flies slower, The bounce height is lower and it is more difficult to kick the spin ball.

Weight test (420-445 grams)

Several footballs are used in each professional game, and for one Every soccer ball in a game is required to have the same performance. Consistency in soccer ball weight is critical. If a soccer ball is too light or too heavy, the ball's flight angle and path will be difficult to predict.

Sphere shape and size retention ability test

Try

A football is kicked about 2,000 times on average in a game. However, we need the performance of the football to be consistent from the first minute to the last minute of the game.

In order to test the ability of a football sphere to retain its shape and size, the FIFA-approved standard requires a football to hit a steel plate 2,000 times at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour. After this test, the ball pressure and the arc of the ball are only allowed to occur in extreme situations. Small changes must be made before the ball valve and ball seams are damaged before it can be used for competition.

Rebound performance test

When using parts such as the chest, thighs and feet to control the football or pass the ball When playing, football players need to be able to predict and master the rebound performance of the football.

In this unique test, the football will be dropped to a steel plate from a height of 2 meters multiple times. After the football rebounds The height difference between the highest and lowest cannot exceed 10 cm.

Ball Pressure Test

If the football ball pressure decreases during the game, it will be difficult for players to predict the direction of the ball. and trajectory, and football cannot meet the requirements of consistency of rebound effect. Changes in football ball pressure directly affect the success rate of long passes and bottom passes.

In this test, The football was set aside after it was fully inflated, and its ball pressure was measured again after three days. FIFA stipulates that the drop in football ball pressure cannot exceed a specific ball pressure ratio.

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Finally, let’s talk about some of the peripheral impacts brought about by the progress of football.

First of all, football is getting faster and faster. In contrast, are referees becoming more and more dazzled? If you understand "stuck" "Rolmen", you will understand what I mean.

Look at Nike 90 football again, maybe you will find that the stadiums in the European League are now covered with flying balls." "Big check mark", yes, the biggest feature of Nike 90's football pattern design is that the Nike logo is so conspicuous at any time when the football is flying and rotating. From the advertising effect, this is undoubtedly a very successful one. Designed!