About the history of myopia

I. Memorabilia of the Development History of World Glasses Before the invention of glasses, people's lifestyles and occupations were restricted by their eyesight. For example, the hunter's farsightedness is more important than myopia; And craftsmen who use near vision (skilled craftsmen) can often end their careers after 45-50 years old, because they can't see the nearby objects clearly. The earliest lens was a plano-convex lens, which looked like lentils, so it was called lens in English. The earliest magnifying glasses can be traced back to the tenth century. With the invention of printing and the popularization of atomization, people's demand for good myopia has increased, which has promoted the development of glasses.

/kloc-in the 0/3rd century, people began to correct their eyesight with drop glass lenses. At that time, the glass was melted and dropped into the mold. The earliest record of corrected vision was made by roger bacon in 1268. He wrote: If the convex surface of the crystal is close to the eyes, the letters will appear bigger and clearer.

Since John Gutenberg invented the typewriter, a large number of printed materials have increased people's demand for vision correction. At that time, the lenses were mainly convex lenses to correct presbyopia. Later, it was quickly discovered that concave lenses can help myopia patients see distant objects clearly. From then on, lenses are no longer classified by age but by degree. The earliest glasses were used by tying the lenses to the eyes with ropes.

/kloc-In the 8th century, people in China invented the "ear brace".

Edward Scanlett, a British optician, made glasses side frames, which became the prototype of modern glasses.

1784 Benjamin Franklin made the first bifocal lens from two pairs of lenses.

19th century is an important period for the development of glasses and lenses.

1827, fuller invented a cylindrical lens to correct misalignment.

1860, Snellen invented the standard eye chart, which made the eyesight stronger.

1837, Lsaac Schneidt perfected the fixed bifocal lens.

1899, John Borisch invented the fusion bifocal lens (that is, using two different glasses) and named it "contact bifocal lens".

The lens design we used began to appear around 1890. With the development of lenses, manufacturers are constantly looking for new products to meet the different needs of different consumers. The mass production of dyed lenses (such as sunglasses) began in the early 20th century. These lenses were used to improve vision and reduce infrared radiation.

Second, the history of glasses.

Glasses are simple optical devices used to correct vision or protect eyes. Consists of lenses and frames. There are four kinds of glasses to correct vision: myopia glasses and hyperopia glasses, presbyopia glasses and astigmatism glasses. Eyeglasses for eye protection include protective glasses, windproof glasses and sunglasses.

Glasses are not only a necessity to protect eyes, but also a beauty ornament. From the function of the lens, it has the functions of regulating the amount of light entering the eye, increasing vision, protecting eye safety and treating eye diseases clinically. Can be used for treating strabismus of children caused by ametropia and headache of ametropia patients after wearing glasses. The function of spectacle frame is not only to form spectacles for people to wear on their eyes as a support, but also to be cosmetic and decorative. Modern pop people emphasize that glasses should be coordinated with people's facial makeup and clothing, which embodies the symbol of superb social class, elegant knowledge and fashion.

With the rapid development of social technology, the continuous improvement of people's culture and living standards, and the development of vision care's work, glasses will play an important role in people's lives.

Bacon and glasses

/kloc-In the mid-3rd century, British scholar Bacon saw that many people could not read the words in books because of their poor eyesight, so he wanted to invent a tool to help people improve their eyesight. To this end, he thought of many ways and did many experiments, but none of them succeeded.

One day after the rain, Bacon went for a walk in the garden and saw many rain beads on the spider web. He found that when he looked at the leaves through the rain beads, the veins of the leaves were enlarged a lot, and even the fine hairs on the leaves could be seen. He was overjoyed to see this phenomenon. Bacon immediately ran home, rummaged through everything and found a glass ball. But through the glass ball, the words on the book are still blurred. He found a diamond and a hammer, cut off a piece of glass, and put the glass close to the book. The text was indeed enlarged. Bacon was ecstatic about the success of the experiment. Later, he found a piece of wood, dug a round hole, put a glass ball on it, and put a handle on it to make it convenient for people to read and write.

After continuous improvement, this kind of lens has become the glasses that people wear now. There are myopia glasses for teenagers, reading glasses for the elderly and glasses for other purposes, which are more convenient for people to study and work. Bacon contributed to the progress of human civilization.

The Origin and Development of Glass

According to the data, glasses first appeared in Florence, Italy in 1289. It is said that the most important tool in the world was invented by an optician named Amato and an Italian named Spina who lived in Pisa. Benjamin Franklin, an American inventor, suffers from myopia and hyperopia. 1784, he invented the dual-purpose glasses for farsightedness, avoiding the torture of changing two pairs of glasses frequently. 1825, British astronomer George Avery invented glasses that can correct astigmatism. Some people think that China people invented glasses 2000 years ago. Although it is still a mystery who invented glasses first, it is an indisputable fact that glasses appeared in China in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. In the second volume of "Stay in Youth Day" in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Heng wrote: "Every time you read an article, your eyes are tired and you don't know its details, so you can hide your eyes, keep your spirit, and write clearly. It was tied to the back of the head with silk, and no one knew, so I asked more questions. Yu Yu said, "That's right. "At this time, Babali is the original name.

There are not many images and physical materials of China's early glasses. In the Ming Dynasty oil painting "Du Nan Fan Hui Feng Guang" in China History Museum, there is an old man with glasses. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, China was able to produce glasses. The frame is a black lacquered wooden frame with ribbons tied on it, and the lenses are made of crystal. During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, glasses became popular. Zhang said in Xu Du Men Zhu Zhi Ci: "Anyone who is nearsighted wears glasses, and the shades in the shop are distinct. It is wise to raise your eyes and be more tolerant and fight for it. " Interestingly, the depth scale of glasses in Qing Dynasty was divided according to the twelve branches of Zi Chou Yin Mao, which was recorded in Li Guangting's Xiang Yan Jieyi, a historical book in Qing Dynasty. Since human beings invented lenses in the13rd century, they have been polishing lenses with crystal glass. 1937, France invented a plastic spectacle lens called acrylic, which is not fragile, but has poor clarity. 1954, an engineer from the Izuru company in France was inspired by the materials used to make the cockpit of an airplane, and thus invented the resin lens. Since then, this kind of lens has become the supreme lens kingdom in the world, and it is still in use today.

Thirdly, how many years has the history of glasses been 1268, and roger bacon recorded the lenses for optical purposes at the earliest. However, at the same time, magnifying glasses with frames for reading appeared in Europe and China. There has been a debate about whether glasses were introduced from Europe to China or from China to Europe. In Europe, the earliest glasses appeared in Italy and were introduced by Alessandro di Spina of Florence. The earliest portrait with glasses, Hugh in Provence, was painted by tommaso da Modena in 1352. Before the Song Dynasty, the prototype of glasses appeared in China.

It is said that it was invented by the optician Armato and the Italian Spina who lived in Pisa.

Benjamin Franklin, an American inventor, suffers from myopia and hyperopia. 1784, he invented myopia and hyperopia glasses. 1825, British astronomer George Avery invented glasses that can correct astigmatism. Some people think that glasses were invented by China 2000 years ago, and glasses appeared in China in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. In the second volume of "Stay in Youth Day" in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Heng wrote: "Every time I read an article, my eyes are tired, I don't know the essence of the book, so I can cover my eyes, my spirit is not scattered, and my brushwork is clear. It was tied to the back of the head with silk, and no one knew, so I asked more questions. Yu Yu said, "That's right. "At this time, Babali is the original name.

4. Records about myopia of ancient people. First, the probability of the ancients suffering from myopia is not much. Why? They don't have a computer and don't have to stare at the screen all day; They don't have a game machine, so they don't have to worry about their children staying in the Internet cafe for hours or even days. At that time, students didn't read as many books as students do now. In the past, there were only four books and five classics, and one Analects had to be read for several years. Now there are more than a dozen courses each semester, and even a schoolbag of a primary school student weighs more than ten kilograms. At that time, not many people could afford to read books. After all, the scholarly family is the least. Without books, they naturally won't be so nearsighted. In the past, books were all in big characters. Although there were no punctuation marks, the fonts were large. Now there are hundreds of thousands of words in a small book, and the words in those newspapers are even smaller, dozens or even hundreds of pages; The old books were not as good as they are now. There are all kinds of books now, and some of them are still very attractive. They dare not read or can't finish reading during the day. In the evening, they continue to read with flashlights under the covers. After a few nights, the children had a pair of glasses on their faces. In a word, our eyes are too tired, too tired, and the burden on our eyes is too heavy. No myopia is abnormal, myopia is normal.

Second, the ancients suffered from myopia and could do nothing. The probability is not high. Due to the influence of heredity, occupation and environment, the ancients still had a lot of myopia, which can be seen from some historical materials and jokes. In the Ming Dynasty, someone wrote a poem mocking myopia: "Laughing at your eyes is strange, so Gigi Lai asked who it was?" The sun shone marbles through the window lattice, and the moon moved to pick up sticks. I looked at the painted wall, black and blue, locked the book box and twisted my eyebrows. More funny, blowing lights burns lips and skin. "The image of myopia, which can only be lived in the fog of Yunshan for a lifetime, came alive in this limerick. Now, unless there are a few stubborn myopia, it is generally not a problem. Two pieces of glass or resin, tangible or intangible, can make your vision by going up one flight of stairs. Look at the advertisements now. The huge myopia treatment industry is calling for people who are already nearsighted or about to be nearsighted every day.

Glasses are the product of western civilization and the earliest optical instrument introduced to China. According to written records, glasses were introduced to China at the beginning of15th century. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Ning mentioned two pairs of glasses he had seen in his works. Zhang Ning was a scholar in 1454. At the same time, Luo Maodeng wrote at the end of chapter 50 16 of the book "Popular Romance of Western Three Treasures Eunuchs": In the eighth year of Yongle (14 10), King Malaga paid "ten pieces", which can be said to be the introduction of glasses. These records are mutually confirmed with the paintings in the Landscape Atlas of Fan Hui, Du Nan, indicating that the early glasses in Europe were introduced to China by sea or land from northwest China.

5. Why were the ancient literati short-sighted? At present, the number of myopia patients in China is as high as 600 million, accounting for almost half of the total population. The myopia rate of high school students and college students in China has exceeded 70%, and it is increasing year by year. The myopia rate of teenagers ranks first in the world, and the myopia rate of primary school students is close to 40%. In ancient China, few scholars with myopia were found. Why were ancient scholars nearsighted?

Some people say that this is because the ancients suffered from no solution and were afraid of being found and laughed at by others, so they rarely dared to admit that they were nearsighted and could not see clearly. So they concluded that many cultural celebrities in ancient China were actually nearsighted, which can be seen from their works. For example, Li Bai's "There is such bright light at the foot of my bed, is there frost already?" And Lu You's "There is no way to doubt the mountains and rivers, and there is another village in the dark" is an important evidence to prove the myopia of these two brothers: if it is not myopia, how can moonlight be regarded as frost on the ground? You can hardly find your way? Of course, these are just jokes that have not been strictly demonstrated and cannot be taken seriously. As for whether Li Bai's Lu You is really nearsighted, that is a historical issue.

The process of myopia is like this.

Looking near for a long time-feeling tired-looking down-mixed myopia-true myopia.

In ancient times, people who could meet this requirement were generally scholars, and they were people who could study stably for many years.

I won't talk about the order of the intellectuals, peasants and businessmen in the past. The literacy rate in ancient times was alarmingly low.

Modern people overuse their eyes much more seriously than the ancients, so ancient myopia is not too serious.

What if you have myopia? In traditional Chinese medicine, this disease is called' can be near and far'. In short, this is a curable disease, and Chinese medicine is very good.

How to improve eyesight, various prescriptions and acupuncture and so on. But drinking doesn't do much good. What you tie every day is almost a sieve.

Have you ever heard of anyone who drinks Chinese medicine to treat myopia? If yes, apply for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. ) after all, if the ancients got myopia.

What's wrong with your eyes? You really have to put up with it.

Medically, true myopia can only be corrected by myopia surgery.

Fortunately, myopia can be treated by myopia surgery in modern society, and myopia patients have ushered in the dawn.