Why didn't Wu Zetian pass it on to Princess Taiping?

Princess Chengping (about 665 ~7 13) was born to Wu Zetian, the daughter of Li Zhi in Tang Gaozong. Marry Xue Shao, and then marry Wu. Before her death, she was named Princess Chengping, and later she was granted death by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Princess Chengping is a famous figure in Chinese history, not only because she is the daughter of the first empress Wu Zetian in China history, but also because she really became the "second empress Wu Zetian". As the youngest daughters of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong's sisters were greatly spoiled by their parents and brothers, especially her mother Wu Zetian, who was called "the princess with the whole country".

There are three main reasons why Wu Zetian did not succeed Princess Chengping.

One,

Wu Zetian never imagined that the reason why Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor was not as many people took it for granted. Because she is a feminist, on the contrary, Wu Zetian is an imperial power. The main starting point for her to seize power is not why women can't be the emperor, but "I want the emperor, I want the emperor, and I can be the emperor." "

In Wu Zetian's thoughts, Princess Chengping has never played a role in the selection of successors, which can be seen from Wu Zetian's positioning of Princess Chengping. Wu Zetian's preparedness and biting for her son and her love for Princess Chengping are obviously different. Emperor China's positioning of the successor is wonderful, and the positioning of the princess is much better and more affectionate than that of the prince. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty even took the princess to court because of reluctance.

One important reason is that princesses are safer and have no political threat, because they have never been considered by the heirs. Wu Zetian loved Princess Chengping so much just because she never wanted to be included in the successor list.

Second,

There is great civilization resistance and political resistance to the inheritance of Princess Chengping. Under the traditional patriarchal clan system in China, the queen could not handle the trouble of inheritance.

Wu Zetian almost broke all the obstacles that prevented women from reaching high positions in that period. Why did she have no choice but to pass on her position to her son at the beginning, and let the Wu Zhou Dynasty, which she was lucky to establish, perish, because Wu Zetian's rights and interests itself came from traditional civilization (mother's way and filial piety). Huang Wu changed the distribution of power as an individual, but she could not be completely separated from a civilized structure.

Three,

This article explains why Li's heirs chose to live in two families.

One of the main reasons why people and powerful people in the Tang Dynasty succeeded Wu Zetian as the emperor in advance was that Wu Zetian was regarded as the daughter-in-law of the Li family, and the hostess of the Li family regarded her as the son of his wife's father and mother, thinking that she would send the whole country back to the Li family at first.

Apart from wanting to lose her fair mourning status after her death and pass it on to the Li family's heirs, Wu Zetian was oppressed by another ideal political situation. Empress Wu Zetian usurped the throne and scrubbed the imperial clan of Li Tang when she was in North Korea, which has already challenged the bottom line of too many people in advance. To some extent, Li's successor's inheritance is a concession to safeguard her existing rights.

Four,

This paper expounds the reasons why Wu Zetian did not choose a female heir (especially Cheng Ping) among Li's heirs.

At first, in the Tang Dynasty, regardless of the prevalence of paternalism or various political struggles, Cheng Ping was regarded more as the heir of the Li family than the daughter-in-law of the Wu family.

In most dynasties, China's modern succession to the throne was not entirely centralized by the emperor. For example, the eldest son inheritance system is the law of ancestors, which is often broken by the establishment of sages rather than long ones, but it is still a criterion in many cases, so we should be afraid of the political turmoil and national instability caused by the struggle for positions.

On the other hand, it is equally important to balance political rights and class rights. One of the main reasons is that Emperor Taizong set up Li Zhi in order to get rid of his eldest grandson's lofty sentiments, and Li Ke's Yang-ti's grandson hindered him, which is the powerful family behind Sun Chang's promise.

There is neither legal support nor the right to support the succession. The difference between female Chu Jun and female is that the underground organization opposes the powerful class and the foundation of Confucian rule is challenged. The son of heaven and who * * * govern the country, just as people in the Song Dynasty said, the son of heaven and the scholar-officials govern the country. Second, the main reason why Wu Zetian was able to secure the throne was that harsh politics stabilized the elite, and she could not pry herself into the corner and overthrow the newly stabilized rule. As far as Huang Wu is concerned, the right in her hand is the main right.

Now many people take it for granted that Cheng Ping is the heir of the Li family, and most political rights regard her as the Li family camp in advance. But this is just thinking about Chengping Group. From Cheng Ping's point of view, the heir is still surnamed Wu. At first, the whole country of the Wu family was still owned by the Li family. What if the Wu family turns over again? The elite can't bear this consequence, which is somewhat similar to the meaning that Li Ke is the grandson of Emperor Yang.

From Huang Wu's point of view, she certainly wants Wu Zhou to go on, assuming that she has tried to make peace, but this internal variable is too big, not to mention whether she will share rights with Wu Jia after she inherits the throne after her death. If Cheng Ping doesn't want to be controlled by Wu Jia, what will happen to Wu Jia?

In addition, if Cheng Ping really inherited the throne, the ministers would not agree with the inferior surname, and they would definitely ask Cheng Ping to pass the throne to the male heir of the Li family, perhaps picking out an heir and changing his surname to Li. The difference? Then according to the frequency of the coup in the early Tang Dynasty, it is not a problem to change an emperor every minute. To sum up, it is not feasible to transfer the throne to Chengping, the political consequences are unpredictable, and the powerful class will basically not allow it.

Five,

Even if Princess Chengping is included in the consideration of the heir to the throne, whether she is a qualified monarch remains to be considered, at least she lacks enough political experience as a monarch. Although Princess Chengping inherited Wu Zetian's political thoughts and experienced all kinds of political affairs from Wu Hou's coming to power to his death, she had good political sensitivity.

However, according to textual research, Cheng Ping's political participation began in the early Wu Zhou Dynasty. Whether it was Zhou Xinglai's becoming a minister, the Dragon Coup, the change of Tang Long's political situation, the beginning of a long-term influence in the Zhongzong period, or the rivalry between the princess and the prince in the period, all the political essence expressed was limited to coups, political intrigues and other tactics, and he did not show his political talent in governing the country. Wu Zetian had been in power for more than 30 years before she proclaimed herself emperor, and she had good administrative skills.

Moreover, the extravagant style of collecting money is not very good among ordinary people. Most of the sites around Chang 'an City, several businesses in the city are her private property, and there are 10,000 food cities (the food cities of ordinary princesses in the Tang Dynasty are usually capped at 300), accounting for one tenth of the annual income of the Tang Dynasty. After Cheng Ping died, his property was robbed. As a result, he bribed real estate. After several years of accounting, the interest of the real estate has not been calculated clearly. What is the difference between it and Jiaqing? , property copy out 800 million taels of silver, in principle, for ten years of state treasury expenditure. On the other hand, apart from large-scale civil engineering, Huang Wu is quite economical in theory.

To sum up, it is our group's knowledge, why Wu Zetian did not succeed Princess Chengping.

Tired of watching it, send a joke to make you happy and relaxed.

It's windy and rainy at home.

The child and his mother were playing in the park when a cool breeze suddenly came. When they looked up at the sky, the dark clouds had passed. The mother said to the child: "If you want to change, dare to go home quickly." The child remembered that the last time he went out to play, he was caught in a thunderstorm, and both of them were soaked through. So he asked inexplicably, "Mom, why do we always have bad weather when we go out?" Mother thought about it and said seriously, "Because at home, windy and rainy is also good weather!" " "