Transcript data of song dynasty

Song Ren Lei's banknotes, series of novels and notes. The author is Li Zongkong in the early Qing Dynasty, that is, Pan Yongyin, with 36 volumes and 8 volumes.

Li Zongkong, born in Jiangdu, Jiangsu (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), was born in the forty-eighth year of Wanli, Ming Shenzong (1620). Childhood stories are unknown. In the early Qing Dynasty, he went to Beijing to take the public examination, at the age of 27. After the senior high school entrance examination, he became an official, lived in Beijing, and sealed the dynasty with Wuxi. Meet at Ciren Temple. Blocking the court because of disagreement? Break up with it and go back to Jinan. During the reign of Qing sages, in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Li Zongkong became an official. It coincided with the late Ming and Qing rulers' pursuit of erudition and admiration for Confucianism in order to win over old people. At that time, some celebrities with integrity refused to attend, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty implemented a semi-compulsory policy. Li Zongkong actively participated in it and strongly recommended Fu Shan to take the exam, which forced Fu Shan to cut his hamstring and resist. In the 22nd year of Kangxi, Li Zongkong held a rally in Ren 'antang, Beijing, and staged Northwest Wing. In the 28th year of Kangxi, Li Zongkong died at the age of 80.

Pan Yongyin, a native of Changshu, Jiangsu Province (now a native of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province), has an unknown date of birth and average birth. I only know that he is Pan Yongyuan's brother. In the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Pan Yongyin fled to Ping Ling to bury himself in a book and compile "Ming barnyard notes" on the pretext of crossing the sea to extort money and arrest innocent residents. By the eighth year of Kangxi, that is, A.D. 1669, he had compiled eight volumes of Song Renchao.

As for who the author is, there is no data to show who it is, but Pan Yongyin's view has the upper hand. I'm just a poor scholar, so I'll tie them up for the time being until the famous teacher gets the results in the exam. But I don't think it matters who the author is. The key is the content of the book.

There are also two opinions about the tailoring of this book. The Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty is an eight-volume edition, but in the third year of Xuantong's reign, the Shanghai Chen Guang Society published a thirty-six-volume edition in Sion. But the contents of the two books are basically the same, and the number of volumes is different, which has nothing to do with the overall situation. For the convenience of narration, this paper is divided into eight volumes.

As the name implies, Ren Lei Banknotes in Song Dynasty is a collection of unofficial history in Song Dynasty, which is classified and arranged. A * * * is divided into nineteen branches, and the last one is Search Yi, which collects all kinds of excerpts that are difficult to determine its ownership. Other categories are: Volume I, including seven categories: Fan Jun, Fu Ming, official management, military equipment, encounters, different numbers and Zhu Yi. Committed to the general plan of governing the country of the Song emperors, the rise and fall of ministers, the attribution of fate, and the literary treatment of martial arts by famous ministers and former generals. Among them, Destiny advocates that "the imperial code covers the sky." It is wonderful to collect 52 examples of fortune being destined and misfortune falling from the sky. For example, Article 18 says: "The side pick is the back of Xie Lingyun, so the fine print is recreational. Fan Chunfu was named Zuyu after Deng Zhonghua. Zhang Hou is Cai, and Zou Yang is Dongpo, that is, his habits are true. " . This is ridiculous.

Volume II includes seven categories, such as "money offering", "flattery", "family name", "seclusion", "impatience", "extravagance" and "rebellion", all of which are about the Song Dynasty, with various worldly and strange personalities. Among them, the ninth chapter of Huizong Jiangen Yueji is long and detailed, especially all kinds of strange stones are named one by one, and their positions and characteristics are described, which can be called a record of garden materials in Song Dynasty. Later, it was said that it was a huge waste to transport and purchase stone wood when building the root moon, which shows that the "flower stone class" is very harmful.

Volume three includes seven categories: virtue, elegance, sword wisdom, talent, character, loyalty and loyalty. All kinds of fine virtues and anecdotes, from scholar-officials to the people, are narrated to praise loyalty and righteousness.

The fourth volume includes Family Style, Shang Zhi, Haokuang, Birthday Release, Power and Money, Supporting the Elderly and Harmony. "Leisure" and "strangeness" are eight categories, which record the grotesque things that families and individuals handled in the Song Dynasty, such as housework, interpersonal relationships and people with various personalities. For example, when Mi Fei wrote a letter, he really got up and left his seat to worship two times when he finally signed "Farewell to Mi Yuanzhang". Sure enough, he is a real celebrity, and the unromantic places are also romantic. He also said that when Shi demoted Haizhou, he asked people to pick up the peach stones. People don't understand. I don't know what this arrogant man has done. Who knows that he carried peach stones up the mountain and hit them everywhere with a slingshot. As a result, in less than three years, peach blossoms were everywhere in the valley, which was surprising. Today, it seems that this is the ancestor of "aerial seeding afforestation". And Shi's "Fair and square anecdote" can also be seen. It is the so-called "big money" to create a romantic atmosphere where there is no romantic atmosphere.

There are many legends and superstitions in this book, all of which are absurd. For example, Guo Zhongyan in "Extraordinary" said that "at the beginning of a country, it is good to know that it is a good state. Mao ate the calf. There is a noise in the waist, and it is suspected that there is a crack in the abdomen. Ask tomorrow, and I'll be hungry, tied with silk. I was full yesterday and didn't feel broken. " What's more, he called some powerful ministers goblins. For example, Yang Jian is a "big frog with golden eyes and shining light". Sheng Xun is a "big carp with golden scales and red eyes". Mifei is a python that can "call the wind and call the rain". People can't help wondering where the author got these materials.

The fifth volume includes eight categories, including Wen Yuan, Bo Shi, Shi Hua, Shi Pin, Li Yu, Ci Ming, Shang Lun and Motto, and records literary anecdotes and a group of well-educated writers. For example, as mentioned in Wen Yuan, Xun Mei is a bachelor of Hanlin, and he has to write many letters a day, which makes it difficult for him to think. Suddenly, he saw an old pawn lying in Japan and China, and his heart was very uncomfortable. Mei suddenly sighed: "Chang Zai", Xu Wen can read, and answered no, Mei said: "More happy". Reflecting the distress of literate people is similar to Su Dongpo's "Life worries, literacy begins". But more is the skill and artistic conception of literary creation. For example, the article says that "poetry should be illogical with strong words and movable type as the medium", which is quite insightful. Another example is "red into peach blossoms, green back to willow leaves." Advance and retreat are pillars. With this, the whole sentence will be good. Another example is Ouyang Xiu's saying that his "three highs" are just literature and art. In the category of "Li Yu" in this volume, all the records are couplets or antithetical sentences, which often reveal their origins and benefits, so that people can understand and comprehend the mystery. Dialogue is a compulsory course for ancient literati, which is not only the entrance, but also shows their agility in thinking and shallowness in knowledge. Therefore, people like it very much. Even at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, when they were desperate to go out to sea, they could still write that "the traces of birds and animals were not lost in China, but as far away as the South China Sea", and its writing style was very harmonious and considerable. Through the author's collection of Song Dynasty couplets, we can understand the style, talents and masterpieces of Song Dynasty. Very helpful.

The sixth volume includes seven categories, such as proverbs, weight, slander, humor, mistakes, you regret, and regret the past. It's a book that recites words, focusing on the famous sayings of the Song Dynasty. His "Humor" volume can be called a small collection of jokes, which is very intriguing, and the longer it is polished, the deeper it means, and it is not a joke. For example, in the article, Shi Zhongli watches lions. I heard that fifteen pounds of mutton are given every day. Some ministers lamented that "we care about Lang Cao even worse than animals". Shi Zhongli said, "Why don't you know the difference? We foreign ministers dare to look at the lions in the garden. " . It's full. Another example is that Ding returned to his hometown after being demoted to Cliff State to join the army and talked with people about where the land is the most prosperous in the world. Ding said "Yazhou", and everyone couldn't understand why Yazhou, located at the ends of the earth, had the most prosperous land. Ding said, "The Prime Minister only joined the army in that state. How can he get to other states?" A little joke shows the ruthlessness of the rulers of the Song Dynasty to the fullest, showing no resentment at all.

The seventh and eighth volumes are records of three religions and nine streams, five elements and eight skills, plants, insects, snakes, antiques, calligraphy and painting. For example, Zongcheng, Taoism, karma, ghosts and ghosts, weirdness, craft, diet, ancient style, eight methods, painters, plants, birds and animals, and searching for heritage. It is the most abundant and valuable data, and it is the original data to study the development of social science and technology and the change of natural environment in Song Dynasty. Such as famous architect Yu Hao and astronomer Zhang Sixun. The Kaibao Temple Tower built in Yu Hao is a famous leaning tower, which is one hundred years earlier than the leaning tower of Pisa. More importantly, the leaning tower of Pisa was caused by poor construction, while the Kaibao Temple Tower was deliberately tilted to protect the sea breeze. The two are not the same. Zhang Sixun built an armillary sphere, which is more exquisite than the previous generation. All these reflect the scientific and technological development of China in Song Dynasty, which lags far behind the westerners.

Epigraphy began to rise in the Song Dynasty, and a large number of epigraphists and works appeared. There is also a lot of space in Song dynasty notes to describe this aspect. Its "antique" narrative is concise without losing its essence. It is about how to distinguish ancient bronzes from ceramics, with detailed classification and clear description. It lists more than 40 kinds of ancient bronze decorations. It can be seen that the development of epigraphy at that time has reached a high level, and even today it has certain guiding significance for the identification of antiques.

Calligraphy was also very popular in the Song Dynasty. From the emperor to the people, everyone liked to play with pen and ink. Therefore, a kind of records in the Eight Laws was created. Most of them talk about calligraphy skills. Some famous calligraphers talk about using pens, and Su Huangmi and Caiyi are also quite a few. He also created a "Danqing" class. Recording the achievements of painters in the Song Dynasty mainly in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the articles specifically discusses the history and characteristics of the spread and development of various painting schools from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, and extracts the essence of Yan Yuan's two articles on Six Methods of Painting and the Application of Painting Style in the Tang Dynasty, and Guo's two articles on Zuofan and On Charm and Non-teacher in the Song Dynasty. Others, such as Deng Chun's Painting Sui and Mi Fei's Painting History, are also frequently quoted, with extremely rich contents, which can be said to be a summary of the painting art of Tang and Song Dynasties, with considerable information and academic nature.

The two categories of "vegetation" and "birds and beasts" record plant cultivation techniques such as grafting and transplanting, especially the varieties and habits of flowers and fruit trees. It is a complete reflection of garden technology in Song Dynasty. There are also some legends of various animals, even close to superstition, such as Peng Li's little dragon protecting the boat, and it is not advisable to repay the Lord with god's horse. After reading the book, most of the contents are about personnel, covering a wide range, such as politics, economy, military, culture, daily life and so on. Its source is all kinds of unofficial history, but the author does not blindly pursue strangeness, but collects all kinds of materials and policies that help future generations to understand the deeds of sages and gain insight into the world, so that future generations can use this as an encouragement to talk about capital and cultivate their temperament. Therefore, the book does not pay attention to the authenticity and reliability of historical materials, and some of them are even hearsay. In addition, the author did not indicate the source of information, which greatly affected the circulation of his book. Qing scholars pay attention to finding chapters and sentences, and every word has no source. In addition, they also pay attention to "there is no way to file a case and there are no isolated cases."

I often despise the compilation of Song Ren Lei Banknotes. The ranking and classification of this book are obviously influenced by Shi Shuo Xin Yu. For example, the classification of Shi Shuo Xin Yu is exactly the same as Shi Shuo Xin Yu. His writing style is also influenced by Shi Shuo, pursuing lightness and meaning, sometimes unable to express words, and even changing historical facts just because of pursuing beautiful words. In addition, the contents of books are mostly vulgar, and there are few rare classics, so the value of the materials themselves is not valued, and they can only be used for people to collect things, thinking that the banquet is light. At the same time, there are some mistakes in the text, which lead to frequent stylistic mistakes, so we should take them seriously when reading. For example, the Lu Yanrang incident recorded in Volume 4 "Different Numbers" occurred in the late Tang Dynasty, five generations apart from the Song Dynasty; The arrest of Deng Bi in the third volume "Gate of the Three Armies" took place in the Tang Dynasty, and the murder of Yan Song in the fifth volume "Gate of flattery" took place in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, so it is not rigorous, which may be caused by the author's lax proofreading. Of course, with one,

This book was banned when compiling Sikuquanshu in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the historical events of the Song Dynasty inevitably involved the struggle between the Jurchen nationality and the Song and Jin Dynasties, which will surely touch the sensitive nerves of the Qing rulers who dare not decorate their ancestors. On the other hand, the Qing dynasty banned the circulation of private history, especially various unofficial history, which was especially severe. Therefore, the "Song Renlei banknote" is also doomed. It is said that the reason why this article has two authors and causes confusion is also caused by this ban.

However, things are often the opposite. The more forbidden things are, the wider they spread. The same is true of paper money in Song Dynasty. Today, they are more accessible. Bibliographic Literature Publishing House punctuates it (proofreader is Mr. Liu), which is very convenient for readers to inquire and read. It's just that the author of the book is called Pan Yongyin directly, which saves a lot of breath.