20 18 how to write and examine the composition topic of Shandong college entrance examination (comment and analysis)

20 18 how to write and examine the composition topic of Shandong college entrance examination (comment and analysis)

In the work of marking the composition of Shandong paper in the 20 15 college entrance examination, many candidates' compositions were reviewed, and the problems in the article made the author feel heavy. After reading the college entrance examination compositions of candidates from Jiangsu, Shanghai and Hebei, they all have similar problems, and some of them have evolved into major defects, which is worrying. This shows that the writing of senior high school students in China has reached the point where we have to get to the bottom of it.

First, the main symptoms of college entrance examination composition

(A) lack of independent thinking, no position

Judging from the marking process, many candidates lack their own independent opinions, copy established opinions or don't know what to say, and lack the weight of thinking. For example, some candidates lead from the topic materials, "It is not used to distinguish, why should we distinguish?" Only by positioning yourself correctly can you succeed. "This kind of writing logic itself has problems. There is no necessary logical relationship between "why distinguish" and "correct positioning", and it cannot be deduced. Some candidates write "Dare to challenge", but in the end "Challenge what? "The article did not explain, but went on to write Helen's difficulty, which is obviously beyond the scope of material discussion, and her thinking went further and further. Some candidates draw attention to the "essence" of things from the "eating" in the father's words in the materials, which is divided into three levels: paying attention to the essence of things means knowing their purpose; Pay attention to the essence of things, and also have corresponding methods to explore; It is meaningless to pay attention to the essence of things, daydreaming or in vain. Candidates do not pay attention to "essence" in their writing, and the materials before and after the article are irrelevant. A typical "patchwork" composition is essentially a so-called "copy", that is, an idea is derived from the topic, and then the articles or materials prepared by them are covered or listed. The crux of this problem lies in that candidates do not have their own independent thinking, do not understand the meaning of the problem, do not know how to express their views and positions in a hierarchical and orderly manner, and have to apply the prepared materials. Judging from the examinee's question composition, the examinee's thinking has obvious binary opposition thinking mode of either/or, black or white, and his own thinking mode is the correct thinking mode, rather than scientific and rational thinking. For example, some candidates wrote that Qu Yuan was extremely pure, loyal to the monarch and loving the people, and Madame Curie was "holy" and devoted to scientific research. This extreme mode of thinking makes candidates' compositions not speculative and tend to be extreme and rigid.

(B) Logical confusion, not distinguishing between concepts

Many candidates' compositions are illogical or even confusing, which leads to unreasonable reasoning and the writing content is out of the center.

Mandela made no distinction between all the tortures inflicted on him by the warden, the truth, the beauty and ugliness, and let him be generous and lead the South African people to liberation. Suppose Mandela tried to distinguish what the warden had done to him, and wanted a tooth for a tooth and an eye for an eye, would he still win the trust of the people? Throw away things that don't need to be distinguished, and don't let discrimination hinder your progress.

There is something wrong with the logic of this passage. Mandela didn't punish the warden who abused himself, that is, "he didn't distinguish between true and false beauty and ugliness"? In fact, it is Mandela's spiritual quality standing on the height of human nature, but the candidates simplify, drag and stuff it into their own articles. As a public official, the violent behavior of the prison director is obviously illegal. Is it reasonable to assume that Mandela will sue or punish him and make the South African people distrust him? He can't move on? Mandela has a noble heart, and grasps the matter of "abuse" from the perspective of racial reconciliation, rather than indiscriminate issues. Candidates' ideas and expressions are obviously out of touch, so they need to learn to express them correctly.

Candidates' confusion about concepts also shows the logical defects. For example, confuse the two concepts of "flexibility" and "transformation":

Learn to be flexible and find the right way to solve the problem, and you will reach the other side of success smoothly.

Chen is a famous writer, and his masterpiece White Deer Plain is a household name. His father is an important person who made him achieve this achievement. When Chen was young, he was disheartened by his failure in the exam. At this time, his father's words rekindled his hope. Do you know how streams flow out of mountains? When they met the mountain, they couldn't break it or climb it, so they walked around it, changed direction and flowed out of it. "Yes, if you change direction, you can flow out of this mountain. Life is like a mountain stream. If you don't know how to change direction and find the right path, you will eventually become a backwater.

The expression of this passage has obvious logical defects. "Elasticity" means that things can be reached because of changes, but candidates confuse "elasticity" with "transformation" and use "transformation" to change the flow direction to steal the concept. Chen's father's advice to him is not in line with the direction of torrent "transformation" Go with the flow, and have no intention of changing access. This example is not suitable for "flexibility" The crux of the problem lies in the lack of comparative analysis of different concepts, and candidates can't accurately understand concepts, whether they are accurate or not, which leads to the disconnection between views and examples.

(C) the language is gorgeous and empty

At present, college entrance examination writing seems to have fallen into a new strange circle in language. In order to make their language gorgeous and outstanding, candidates take turns to go into battle, quoting or using celebrities, famous sayings or masterpieces all over the sky. But after reading it, many of them are empty and powerless, expressionless and tasteless.

Yingying moonlight, I hold the clearest one; In the afterglow, I hold a ray of the warmest; Burning red leaves, I picked up the hottest one; I will pick a bunch of the brightest flowers.

Drink a pot of tea, write poems among chrysanthemums, plant five willows, drink sake, enjoy the beautiful scenery, recite poetry books, play with running water, find bosom friends, live comfortably and drink at the moon.

Lin planted chrysanthemums in his heart, stared at the begonia flowers at four o'clock in the morning, Haizi faced the sea and waited for the spring flowers to bloom, Thoreau sang a haze on the bank of Walden Lake, Cangyang Jiacuo walked through the snow on Bailuyuan, and Kant looked up at the moral starry sky.

Such gorgeous sentences can be seen everywhere in the composition I read. Whether my position is to choose "dare to question" or "grasp the main contradiction", I am using these materials in large quantities. On the surface, the candidate seems to have a good knowledge of the language and read widely. In fact, the paragraph is beautiful but inappropriate, irrelevant to the theme, out of touch with the center, and boring to read. The crux of the problem is that many candidates think that as long as the language is beautiful and colorful, it belongs to the category of "development level", and it seems that they can get high marks, so they get the "beautiful sentence" syndrome. They desperately list, recite and copy in long paragraphs, regardless of whether the article is needed or not, whether the sentences are appropriate and natural, they are often self-defeating and it is difficult to get the ideal score.

Second, think about the way out for composition writing.

(1) Encourage thinking and express opinions independently.

Composition writing should be a demonstration of independent thinking, which requires certain thinking ability and language expression ability. The proposition, writing and evaluation of composition should encourage and help students to write their true feelings and reflect their independent thinking. Eighteen years old should have their own ideas and positions. If they are still expressing promiscuity and eulogizing blindly, it is very sad. At present, the composition proposition of college entrance examination in China is developing in the direction of rational and critical thinking, which is correct, and can further connect with the composition form of American SAT and French philosophical proposition, which is conducive to the reform of composition teaching in middle schools. This year, a perfect composition "Salute to Children" appeared in the Shandong volume, and the independent thinking and thinking depth of candidates have been reflected:

When adults casually laugh at children's ridiculous behavior, they don't know how absurd the adult world in children's eyes is, and how strange it is for adults to betray their hearts for fame and fortune countless times! Forgot how pathetic the principle of seeking truth from facts taught by people is. ...

What is more sad is that adults who have lost their aura generally use authority to erase their children's bright spots. "Come on, children of the world, walk hand in hand with an elf through the wilderness and rivers. The world is crying too much, you don't understand. " When Ye Zhi lamented this point, we should also ask ourselves whether we should use the will of adults to rule the spirit of children, so that they can age rapidly and reach the so-called maturity.

The author pays tribute to children full of inquiry spirit, criticizes the experience of this spirit in the secular world, and points out that adult society not only discourages children, but also dispels and stifles their inquiry spirit. Speculation is the highlight of this composition, which pays attention to simple explanation, positive and negative contrast, progressive from the outside to the inside, expressive language and accurate and powerful examples.

Lack of independent thinking is a common feature of senior high school students in China, which is particularly obvious in composition writing. High school writing teaching must break the bottleneck in this respect. As teachers, we should not use our "adult" judgment to limit children's thinking, but let students think, question and criticize. At the evaluation level, the core of composition guidance, students should be given fewer "condoms" instead of restrictions. We can learn from the "writing portfolio" model in American composition teaching evaluation and avoid sticking to the framework of "grading standards" Because the finer the grading standard, the easier it is to limit students' writing vision and thinking, and writing tends to be rigid and rigid.

(B) in-depth thinking, clear logic

Judging from the composition of college entrance examination, students have something to write, but their understanding of materials and aphorisms is not comprehensive and thorough, and their language logic is not clear, so they can't serve the center. It is necessary to guide students to pay attention to and think about themselves, society and the world, and to reflect and criticize historical society and ideology and culture, which is an essential thinking feature of senior high school students and an inevitable requirement of modern citizen literacy. Let the work fall or penetrate. Students' logical thinking needs guidance and training, otherwise it is experience or life logic, not rational logic. Let students distinguish facts, explore boldly, learn to distinguish right from wrong, true and false, and restore the truth of history and reality, so as to explore the essence of things in depth.

We should constantly train students' thinking, such as using primitive thinking, horizontal thinking, reverse thinking and divergent thinking to analyze phenomena, analyze problems and solve problems; Causality, matter and spirit, quantitative change and qualitative change, primary and secondary contradictions, internal and external causes, subjective and objective philosophical relations. Guide students to skillfully use them to analyze and speculate and deepen their understanding. For example, the recent "Fudan Gate" incident can make students think: First, from the outside to the inside, the university as the engine of thought has become the object of plagiarism, not only Fudan University, but also reflecting on the shortcomings of education and even society in China. Then from the shallow to the deep: the lack of original soil, not only in the education industry, agriculture, manufacturing, cultural industries and even ideology, is it not in the cottage, caught in the whirlpool of fraud? Here, there is also a big market for shanzhai shanzhai, and the cost is extremely low. Bad money drives out good money, which leads to more and more serious plagiarism. Contrastive reflection: A nation without originality will definitely have no future, while western developed countries have good experience in protecting originality and seldom copy it, which is worthy of China's reflection and reference. Finally, we should find a solution in this respect: how to produce originality? It is necessary to reflect on the system level and design a development path to encourage and protect originality. In this way, students' thinking is gradually advanced, from point to surface, from shallow to deep, and reasonable analysis and expression, rather than rambling.

(3) Appropriate and accurate expression

The beauty of language is the requirement of the development level of composition, but no matter how beautiful the expression is, it should also serve the center, whether it is nonsense or empty talk. A good composition language should be meaningful, full of rational thinking, logical and serve the central point of view. For example:

When a child walks in front of the vines of melon beans, we also lose our flawless nature: the persistence of pursuing truth and the free soul that is not constrained by the times, and the spiritual shortcomings of the times are cut again. ...

Bai Yan Song once said: "There is a fashion that never goes out of fashion, and that is to distinguish between black and white." I still remember the "road rage" incident a few days ago. In the face of illegally parked vehicles in front, no pedestrians came forward to persuade and remind them. On the contrary, a middle school student bravely and decisively solved a dispute. Have many adults on the roadside really lost their conscience of distinguishing right from wrong? Another example is a scene mentioned by Jiang in his article, in which a successful middle-aged man with a big belly comes up to you with a smile, pats you on the shoulder and says to you, "You are still too young!" What I want to say is, if the whole society is so sophisticated, and every young and excited heart is deliberately aging, when should we pay attention to the gesture of the East Red Sky jumping over the horizon?

The paragraphs of these two candidates do not pursue gorgeous language or use a lot of parallelism or rhetoric, but they are well expressed, thoughtful and rigorous in examples. After reading it, it gives people a strong appeal and persuasiveness, expecting to become an excellent composition and a reference and direction for high school students to write.

The characteristic of writing is creativity, which determines the individuation of composition, and the writing of senior high school students should be more speculative and critical. However, the present situation of composition writing in senior high schools in China really needs to be paid great attention to and needs to be solved urgently. The improvement of thinking ability is a long and arduous process, which challenges teachers. Only by holding high the banner of "independent spirit and free thought" can we gradually have thoughts, thoughts and expressions, which is the hope of writing teaching and education.

Three or four perfect compositions

1, pay tribute to children

Because of a well-known proverb, people are curious and try to verify it. In this world, only children will do this. I can't help laughing, it looks so naive, so cute and so precious!

In western fairy tales, children are all sent by cranes and gifts from God. I deeply agree with this. Children have many noble qualities that adults don't have. Wang Kailing wrote in the book: "Learn from children." Then, I also want to pay tribute to the children, to their fearlessness, to their questioning and realistic hearts and to their free souls.

Children's hearts are always spotless, they are real and fearless. When the emperor paraded in his nonexistent new clothes and was praised by everyone, he was not a child who kept his word and dared to tell the truth. That is a pure angel, never shocked by authority, never defiled by the secular, and his heart is clear. The nature of pursuing truth has never been swallowed up by the tide of the crowd. When he lit up the blind darkness like a kind star, how could he not be worthy of everyone's tribute to him! ?

However, the reality is far from what we sing for our children. When the child tries to distinguish between tangled stems and vines, this lofty pursuit of truth is regarded as ridiculous by his father. As if in the father's eyes, the so-called theorem replaced the truth, and in his eyes, only the edible value of melon beans, as if the child's truth-seeking was eclipsed in front of the material. Who should we cry for?

Aristotle said, "I love my teacher, and I love truth more." When young Walter was confused by the jumping lid, we saw the "ridiculous" sparkle of the child from his future.

How can we make those beautiful highlights disappear? Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince is called "the fairy tale of adults", and the author tells it through the mouth of the little prince: "The world of adults is really strange." Is it worth considering?

When adults casually laugh at children's ridiculous behavior, they don't know how absurd the adult world in children's eyes is, and how strange it is for adults to betray their hearts for fame and fortune countless times! Forgot how pathetic the principle of seeking truth from facts taught by people is. ...

What is more sad is that adults who have lost their aura generally use authority to erase their children's bright spots. "Come on, children of the world, walk hand in hand with an elf through the wilderness and rivers. The world is crying too much, you don't understand. " When Ye Zhi lamented this point, we should also ask ourselves whether we should use the will of adults to rule the spirit of children, so that they can age rapidly and reach the so-called maturity.

When a child walks in front of the vines of melon beans, we also lose our flawless nature: the persistence of pursuing truth and the free soul that is not constrained by the times, and the spiritual shortcomings of the times are cut again. ...

Please stop and pay tribute to the children! Please wake up the glory of freedom!

I am eighteen years old and have entered the ranks of adults, but I know that I am still willing to be a child, seeking truth in my heart and being fearless.

2. Pragmatism can rest.

Pea is for human consumption, but Mendel carefully distinguished and summarized the genetic law; Drosophila died quickly, but Morigan carefully observed that apart from sex inheritance, it was these two people who were doing "useless work" that made today's genetic engineering glow with vitality.

So I thought, dad, who firmly believes that melon beans are used to eat, will he still think it ridiculous for children to break the stems and leaves! Will a pot of cold water douse children's enthusiasm for exploration? Can that narrow pragmatism rise in the face of truth? All right, pragmatism can take a break.

Mo Yan once said: the usefulness of literature lies in its uselessness. I take it for granted that Qian Zhongshu is a great scholar who practices this view. One day, when Qian was studying at home, he stumbled across the allusion of "second return", which was very puzzling. So he left his collection of ancient mirrors at home and raised his hand to smash it. Ordinary people will see all kinds of obstacles and shout, "That's for collection, how can it be smashed!" But Mr Jiang Yang stood by with a helpless smile on his lips. Qian was busy for a while, finally picked up the mirror with satisfaction, turned his head and said, "I tried this allusion, and there is nothing wrong." Then my eyes and eyebrows are laughing.

Some people may ask: What's the use? I think its use lies in the magnanimity of Qian Lao in solving doubts and talking to him about his inner confidence in time.

Equally unrealistic is Xue Yifan who shocked many people last year. Regardless of the obstruction of his family and the pressure from outside, he resolutely chose the unpopular major-Paleontology. Although there is only one professor and one woman in the department, I sincerely admire this person's boldness of vision. In this atmosphere of quick success and instant benefit, she is like an empty valley, not blinded by pragmatism. A person pursues what he wants. I believe that such an unpopular major will hang in the sky like a red sun under the watering of Xue Yifan's blood.

Under the three mountains of the Yellow River, the Millennium has changed like a horse. Now the whole society is shrouded in pragmatism. In the face of career choice, those who make more money are always popular; In the face of scientific research results, there is obvious impatience with learning; In the face of enterprise management, the reputation of "uselessness" is always thrown aside. What's wrong with our society! You just let it sink? Of course, you, her and us, a group of passionate young people and teenagers, the world will change in our hands!

Useless, very useful. Pragmatism can rest!

3. Distinguish the black and white of the world with a pure heart.

There is a proverb in The Catcher in the Rye: "Growth is a necessary fester." I always believe that every adult who knows the world once had a childlike innocence to distinguish right from wrong, but worldly waste changed them.

Just like the child in the story and his father, the child insisted on distinguishing the difference between melons and beans, but his father laughed it off. Is it because of too many "life experiences" that he gave up exploring facts and distinguishing right from wrong?

The poet Xin Posca lamented: "Our falcon walks close to the ground, our peacock abandons its feathers, and our poisonous snake yawns in front of the cage." A childlike heart was dismembered by lethargy, and the ability to distinguish right from wrong was nowhere to be found. Isn't it the fault of this "life experience" world? This is a question that each of us should think about. At present, we should not let the pursuit of facts and the belief in distinguishing between right and wrong cast a secular barrier.

The sentence "All adults are children" in The Little Prince made me think deeply. As Lu Yao mentioned, "the enthusiasm once was killed by a little bit." Whether you can live an uncompromising life in the secular world depends on whether you have a childlike innocence to get rid of falsehood, be kind and distinguish right from wrong.

Not to mention the pure demeanor of celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties and seven sages in bamboo forest, it is also enjoyable for modern university students to raise cocks to fight cricket. Similarly, academically, they keep a pure heart, "let mountains be mountains and water be water", and their academic fashion is widely circulated. Gu Zhun, the pioneer of truth, is willing to tear off his ribs and burn them as torches, just to illuminate the road to light and truth. Keep a pure heart in academic research, and let them break the complicated frame and limitation of the spiritual world.

The host Bai once said: "There is an eternal fashion in the world, and that is to distinguish between black and white." I still remember the "road rage" incident a few days ago. In the face of illegally parked vehicles in front, no pedestrians came forward to persuade and remind them. On the contrary, a middle school student bravely and decisively solved a dispute. Have many adults on the roadside really lost their conscience of distinguishing right from wrong? Another example is a scene mentioned by Jiang in his article, in which a successful middle-aged man with a big belly comes up to you with a smile, pats you on the shoulder and says to you, "You are still too young!" What I want to say is, if the whole society is so sophisticated, and every young and excited heart is deliberately aging, when should we pay attention to the gesture of the East Red Sky jumping over the horizon?

As the People's Daily wrote: "Perhaps the goodwill environment needs to be cultivated and the goodwill system needs to be lifted. We must first light the burning flame in our hearts. " Yes, first of all, we should stick to our childlike innocence.

Whether it is the promotion of academic research or the step-by-step reform and development; No matter the profound implication of personal cultivation, or the harmony of social atmosphere, a pure heart and an obsession to distinguish right from wrong cannot be missing!

4. Let go of the fetters and accept the final harvest

Tagore said: "As long as you go there, flowers will bloom along the way." Even if there are too many obstacles ahead, we should have a peaceful mind, recognize the essence and experience the final harvest.

The tendrils of towel gourd and leather rope are intertwined, which seems to be disturbing, but the purpose of planting these two plants is to harvest the last fruit, so why bother with the inevitable but irrelevant connection in their growth process? Life is the same, no matter how complicated the process is, as long as you know what you really need, the harvest will last for a long time in Mika.

"You are a tree of flowers, is a swallow, whispering between beams. You are love, warmth, hope, and you are April in the world. " Lin devoted his whole life to architecture, propping up the bridge of China architecture with his delicate body. On the protection of traditional ancient buildings, with a warm heart and fearless belief, when Wu Han presided over the demolition of ancient buildings in Beijing, he resolutely stood up and tried his best to denounce it, maintaining a firm belief in the beautiful tradition. In life, she was bound by the secular world too much, but she was fearless, determined her own direction, took dreams as a horse, realized her own value in both architecture and literature, and gained a lot of fragrance.

Like a wisp of warmth and softness in April, the forest vividly explains how to face everything calmly and reap the final result.

Mandela said that he would remember his gentleness with the world. In South Africa, where racial discrimination is strong, he devoted himself to the practice of realizing equality and freedom between the people of the North and the South, and devoted his life to achieving harmony between the North and the South. Even though his efforts didn't come true so quickly and he got the last hope, he himself was imprisoned for 27 years, but he was not bound by the temporary disturbance in front of him, but chose a distant place, that is, he only cared about hardships.

Mandela's efforts eventually made South Africa a rainbow country full of democracy, harmony and equality. Maybe there were too many obstacles on his way, but he didn't forget why he started because he went too far. Finally, he chose to put aside all obstacles on his way forward and move forward until he harvested the beauty of life.

How many people come from rivers and lakes, but they are imprisoned in day and night, kitchen and love. Recognize the ultimate goal, abandon all unnecessary fetters, take dreams as a horse all the way to the end, accept the final harvest, and the fragrance is overflowing.

Fourth, a question composition.

A clear purpose, a firm goal

As the child's father said, "they are planted to eat, not to distinguish." The same is true in life. No matter what you do, you must be clear about your goals, be firm in your goals, and sail to the other side of your dreams. Only when the purpose is clear and sailing in the direction of the target can we reach the destination.

Lin Qingxuan, a famous contemporary writer, dreamed of traveling around the world since he was a child. However, his father's taunts and blows forced him to work for others temporarily. But Lin Qingxuan knew what he wanted and wanted to do, and he never let go of his dreams. After work, she insisted on reading and writing, and eventually he became a writer and went to Egypt.

Lin Qingxuan's success is nothing more than a dream in his heart, a clear goal, and his determination to himself. And Lamborghini, a world famous car, can also move towards the ranks of world famous cars.

Lamborghini was not very famous when it was first listed. Once, a customer reported to the sales department that there was something wrong with his car: a long-term flameout event would make it difficult for the car to start again. The sales department immediately reported to the head office, which attached great importance to it. After inspection, it was found that there was something wrong with the engine of this car. After the overhaul of Lamborghini head office, the engine of the car was upgraded, and Lamborghini gradually entered the ranks of famous cars.

Lamborghini became a famous car because the company department is committed to developing and producing first-class cars. They clearly know their purpose and try their best to make Lamborghini a world-famous car.

People are like this, so are flowers.

Pu Ya peanut is located in the Andes plateau of South America, with huge spikes. It was blown by Feng Wei, and its fragrance filled the whole plateau, but its flowering period was only two months, and for these two months, Puya flower waited for a hundred years. In the past 100 years, it had to go through the cold attack and the roar of the strong wind, but it still persisted, just for the blooming after that 100 years. It knows that it was born to bloom, and this is its goal, so it sticks to its goal, and after going through all kinds of hardships, it finally waits for the moment of blooming for a hundred years.

Clear goals, firm goals, work hard towards dreams, and think about success. In this way, we can reach the other side of the ideal.

Clear purpose, with the goal, drive to the dream!