Explain the meaning of the whole poem "crab chant" in the 38th chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions.

There are always the following views on the irony of Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai's crab poems in the thirty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions: First, Mr. Cai Yijiang's political satire; second, the theory of class struggle. Some people hold this view, such as Xu Zhengui and Mao Debiao. After repeated study, the author found that Chai Dai's "Ode to the Crab" was nothing but a teasing poem in which she attacked each other for the love of Baoyu.

Let me start with the reasons why Mr. Cai Yijiang's political satire can't be established.

Mr. Cai thinks that Baochai's crab chant is as follows: 1. He entrusts his great feelings of political struggle with trivial matters of staying small and often borrowing his daughter's feelings. Two: aimed at scolding the world. He thinks Baochai is the orthodox school in feudal society, and she can play a more important role as a cover. However, there are two contradictions in this way: 1. Baochai is a boudoir daughter, so there is no reason to ridicule the world. As an "orthodox school", Baochai, with her wise and lofty nature, can't sing poems that are self-deprecating and self-deprecating.

look at the so-called class struggle theory again.

This view holds that Chai Dai's poems about crabs respectively reflect "Chai Dai's different personality characteristics and ideological tendencies." It is believed that Lin Daiyu, as a rebel of the feudal etiquette, greatly appreciated the fighting spirit of the crab, but Baochai, as the guardian of the feudal etiquette in the Grand View Garden, alluded to this rebel with the words "running amok, distinguishing right from wrong and heartless". This theory is branded with a deep view of class struggle, so it cannot be interpreted objectively from the perspective of a girl's feelings in seed of love. It is inevitable that its conclusion will be far from being correct.

The author thinks that the key to explain "Ode to the Crab" is the relationship between Baoyu, Daiyu and Baochai.

The existence of love competition between Chai and Dai makes them all show their talents in front of Baoyu. The poem about Begonia in the 37th chapter and the poem about Chrysanthemum in the 38th chapter are the portrayal of this struggle. The poem about crab is the follow-up of this talent show about Chrysanthemum.

Baoyu is the perpetrator of this dispute: he took the lead in writing "Ode to the Crab" and asked who dared to do it. Lin Daiyu laughed at him. "You can have one hundred such poems at a time." This is actually talking about Baochai. Because in the chrysanthemum chanting just now, Daiyu used chrysanthemum as a metaphor: "If you want to know the autumn feelings, you don't know how to mumble and knock on the east fence." Who is hidden in the lonely label? It's as late as flowering. " Ask the chrysanthemum. Baochai sneered at Daiyu's interest. "Don't think that Dongli is idle and sticks to the screen to chat to comfort Chongyang." Painting chrysanthemums. So Daiyu took the opportunity to fight back at her words of "Don't recognize Dongli's idleness". At the same time, he wrote "Ode to the Crab" to insinuate Baochai. But then I realized that this move was too much and immediately tore up my poem. Not to be outdone, Baochai naturally wrote a more acerbic poem.

Now let's make a concrete analysis of Chai Dai's poems about crabs. First of all, analyze Daiyu's sentence:

The sentence "The real armor is long and the elder brother is not dead" is the first attack. Chen Yu, a man from Song Dynasty, the head of the armored armor, said in the reply that the emperor planned to enter the crab: "The inside is yellow, the middle is smooth, and the outside is green." This Qing will enter the phase. " In particular, Baochai is old, smooth and valued by the Jia family (later assisting Tanchun to manage the Jia family). "Chelated tender jade is full of meat and more pity for your eight feet" is a direct ridicule of Baochai's fat. "Baochai's skin is easy to fade." Baoyu looked at the snow-white arm and felt envious "(the 28th time). Baoyu once used Yang Guifei to describe a small quarrel between Baochai and Baochai (the thirtieth time). Tail couplet is warning that although crabs used to be brilliant, they can't escape after all, which is a delicious fate for people during the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Let's look at Baochai's response.

"There is no warp and weft in the road ahead. Piri is black and yellow in spring and autumn." However, it pointed out that Daiyu was willful, disobedient to etiquette, and often quarreled with Baoyu, which made everyone unhappy. Even the grandmother Jia said, "Where did my old enemy come from? There was not a day when I met such two small enemies who didn't save trouble and didn't ask me to worry" (the 29th time). "The wine is not enemies, but also uses chrysanthemum anti-accumulation cold ginger." A couplet of "using chrysanthemums" or "chanting chrysanthemums" combined with Daiyu's poems on chrysanthemums won the first prize. "Ginger" can be divided into "sheep girl" and homonym "adopted daughter". So Baochai's implication is self-evident.

There is such a detail when Baochai chants crabs: everyone can't help exclaiming. Obviously, everyone has not yet understood the machine front. It was not until Baochai wrote, "Everyone said that this is the swan song of eating crabs. These small topics were meant to imply providence before they were counted as geniuses, but they satirized the world for being too poisonous." At the moment, people seem to understand something, so it is ironic to say that they are wrong in order to round up this embarrassing scene. Until later, "when everyone saw Pinger coming, they all said," What does your grandmother do? Why don't you come? " Only then did I take the opportunity to change the subject.

Ode to the Crab (the thirtieth time)

[ Explanation ]

Ode to the Crab is the echo of the Chrysanthemum Poem. When I finished the Chrysanthemum Poem and enjoyed the laurel with crabs, Baoyu first sang a poem to ask who would dare to write it. Daiyu laughed at him, "There are a hundred such poems at one time", so she wrote one casually but then tore it up. Baochai also wrote a song that was praised by everyone.

One of them (Jia Baoyu)

He who holds a claw prefers the shade of osmanthus to throw vinegar at Jiang Xing.

a gluttonous king and grandson should have wine, but a son has no intestines.

if you forget to avoid cold accumulation between the umbilicus, your fingers will be stained with fishy smell, while washing them is still fragrant.

Poe, who used to be beautiful in the world, once laughed and was busy all his life.

[ Notes ]

1. Hold the pincers-holding the crab tongs means eating crabs. Textbook Shi Shuo Xin Yu: Bi Zhuo once said to people: "Holding a crab claw in the left hand and a glass in the right hand will be enough for a lifetime." This is the hedonic life of ancient nobles.

2. Beat ginger-mash ginger.

3. gluttony-after the fierce beast in ancient legend, it is often said that people who are greedy will eat here, which means this. Wang Sun-refers to the title borrowed from Liu An's Recruit Hermits in the Han Dynasty.

4. "Running wild" sentence-talking about crabs. The crab is called a "warrior". See Crab Manual; also known as a heartless son. See Bao Puzi. Running wild means walking sideways and acting without fear. In addition to the literal meaning, heartlessness is used to say that there is no interest and indifference. This sentence is pun and written as "remote" and "perverse". Yuan Hao, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, asked the poem "Send a Crab and a Brother": "The rogue son has no habit of enduring the October frost in rivers and lakes."

5. cold accumulation between umbilicus-traditional Chinese medicine believes that crab's salty and cold eating will accumulate cold in the abdomen (also written in the novel), so it must be solved with ginger and perilla.

6. Xiang-synonymous with "fishy". The two sentences seem to be mixed with their philandering habits.

7. The sentence of "Poxian"-Su Shi (136-111) is also called Poxian, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi once wrote poems and laughed at Meng Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who had been miserable all his life. He compared reading Meng's poems to eating small crabs, saying that he was "chewing empty claws every day" ("Reading Meng Jiao's Poems"). Jia Baoyu's nickname is "nothing to do" or deliberately coincides.

Second (Lin Daiyu)

The armored commander never forgets to make a pile of dishes before he dies.

the chelated tender jade is full of red fat blocks and fragrant.

fleshy is more pity for your mother.

It's a good reward for this holiday season.

[ Notes ]

1. The real armor is long-a metaphor for the crab's shell and feet. In the Song Dynasty, Chen Yu replied to the emperor's plan to enter the crab, saying, "The inside is reasonable, and the outside is natural." It's like you're going to run wild in the middle of the article. " See "Chen Suiyin Manlu".

2. Hue-Buddhist language refers to all tangible things. Borrowing, crabs look good when cooked.

3. the sentence of "fleshy"-that is, "more pity for your eight feet and fleshy". The last couplet has said that the claws are full and the ointment is fragrant, so this sentence uses the word "Geng" to say that the crab feet are fleshy. Pity love. Qingben nickname here refers to the crab.

4. the sentence of "helping feelings" means "who advised me to drink a thousand cups to help feelings". Sip the wine glass. Help people to eat crabs.

5. here. A good product-refers to crabs. Reward-reward. Here is the meaning of living up to and not wasting away. Festival-refers to Double Ninth Festival.

6. The breeze blows in Guangxi, that is, "the breeze blows in Guangxi".

The third (Xue Baochai)

Gui Aitong sat in the shade and lifted Chang 'an's mouth and looked forward to Chongyang.

there is no warp and weft in the road ahead, and it is black and yellow in spring and autumn.

if the wine is not deodorized, ginger with chrysanthemum-like anti-accumulation and cold-set beard should be used.

what's the benefit of falling into the kettle today? Yuepu spare corn and millet.

[ Notes ]

1. Haze-cloud gas. Here refers to the sweet-scented osmanthus fragrance.

2. Chang 'an Xian Kou-a glutton in Kyoto. Eating crabs in the festive season is a hobby of wealthy families, so Chang' an is cited as an example. It seems to have something to do with the "gluttonous prince and grandson". Looking forward to the Double Ninth Festival-The poems in A Dream of Red Mansions mostly contain hidden chrysanthemum poems and crab poems * * * 15 poems, namely three poems written by Baochai, which is worth noting. Just as poems such as "Looking at the riverside with tears on Qingming Festival" and "Looking forward to the most appropriate makeup on Qingming Festival" seem to have something to do with the time when Tan Chun later got married (see her poems "Judgments in Atlas" and "Spring Lantern Mystery"), Baochai began to say that "Chongyang will meet for a certain period" followed by "Talking to comfort Chongyang", and here she said that "I look forward to Chongyang", which shows that "Chongyang" should be in the second half.

3. "In front of you" sentence-Crabs are rampant, so it doesn't matter whether the road ahead is straight or horizontal. The warp and weft were originally straight lines and horizontal lines on the loom.

4. "Pili" sentence-A crab has a shell and no skin. "Pili" is in its belly. The paste of live crabs has different colors of yellow and black, so it is different in color according to "Spring and Autumn". The idiom "Pi Li Chun Qiu" comes from The Book of Jin Chu Zhuan: Chu is a man who doesn't show his likes and dislikes on the outside and refuses to express his approval or opposition casually, but he is praised or criticized in his heart, so some people say that he has "Pi Li Chun Qiu". This idiom is also called "Piriyangqiu" because people in the Jin Dynasty who were famous for their spring after Jian Wendi avoided replacing "spring" with "yang". The latter is often used to say that people are secretive and don't move

. Empty, black and yellow means that many tricks are futile, because crabs are inevitably cooked by people.

5. deodorize-remove the fishy smell. Chrysanthemum-refers to the unusual wine but chrysanthemum wine. Legend has it that drinking chrysanthemum wine in Chongyang can eliminate evil spirits.

6. prevention of cold accumulation-that is, the crab must prevent cold accumulation when eating cold food.

7. drop the kettle-put it in the pot to cook. What's the benefit-what's the use of rampage and deception?

8. Yuepu-the moonlit waterside refers to the original growth place of crabs. Autumn is often marked by "moon" in poetry. Spare corn and millet fragrance-as far as crabs are concerned, corn and millet fragrance has nothing to do with it. Lu Guimeng's "The Crab" in the Tang Dynasty: "The crab's first cave is in the land of low humidity, and it will be out of the land of Jiangdong people from autumn to winter." In the Song Dynasty, Fu's "Crab Spectrum" said: "At the turn of autumn and winter, rice and beams are enough ... Jiangshu people call it' Crab Music'.

[ Appreciation ]

The descriptions in the first two of these three poems are foil novels have been explained. Although there are also lodgings to be found, it is mainly for the latter, and I will not make a detailed study. As Huimu said, the focus of this section is to introduce Baochai's poems.

Although A Dream of Red Mansions fully embodies the principle of realistic creation than other classical novels, because the author dare not directly say what he wants to say, he often makes use of the topic or speaks through the mouth and pen of the novel characters. And this situation is not limited to positive people. Jia Yucun's second talk about "positive" and "evil" is an example. Baochai's poems about crabs are also used by the author to pin his thoughts. There is a noteworthy passage in the novel that is the comment of everyone: "This side is the swan song of eating crabs! These small topics should be meaningful before they can be regarded as great talents. -Just satirizing the world is too poisonous! " Here clearly tells us two points: First, the small is the big one-A Dream of Red Mansions tells the true story of political issues with the false words of children's affection, that is, the small is the big one. Second, it is much safer to use Baochai's works to scold the world than to use Baoyu or Daiyu, who are obviously rebellious. Because Baochai is the "orthodox school" in ancient society, and she is everywhere to maintain the existing order, it is very similar to just "creating feelings for the text" to use her poems to subtly scold the world. In fact, it is a satirical poem disguised as a coat of idle songs.

The whole poem satirizes the sharp edge of ugly people in real social politics, focusing on the second couplet: "The road ahead has no latitude and longitude, and the skin is black and yellow in the spring and autumn." It's not only a portrait of Jia Yucun and other political brokers and officialdom gambler in the novel, but also very suitable for giving it to all the villains in history who are used to scheming. They always run wild with ulterior motives, deviate from the right path for a while and go to the inclined road. As a result, all the institutions are exhausted but they can't escape the end of extinction. Therefore, the novel specifically emphasizes: "Seeing this place, everyone can't help but be amazed. Baoyu said,' Scold quickly! My poem should be burned, too.'

In the novel, this poem was written by Baochai. How can this reflect the praise or disapproval of this character? It is not necessarily a compliment to write that Baochai is knowledgeable about the world. "I'm sighing that his life is not long, so I know I'm coming back to mourn?" It's really derogatory to satirize the world and forget to look at yourself in the mirror: laughing at others for not choosing the right path and "Piri Chunqiu" himself has tried his best to win the position of Grandma Bao. Say that crabs stink, is there no Confucianism in your career economy? Tell others that eating crabs should be "sexually cold-proof". Is it only crabs that are "sexually cold"? Ask the crab, "What is the benefit of falling into the kettle today?"? Don't you also ask yourself: What is the benefit of the golden lock finally matching Baoyu? And so on. Poetry seems to be unintentional but actually becomes Baochai's self-mockery.