Joke Collection Website - Joke collection - Bao Qingtian has no dog head, which distorts the justice of the Song Dynasty.

Bao Qingtian has no dog head, which distorts the justice of the Song Dynasty.

Bao Zheng was a native of Song Dynasty, but there was no "Bao Gong Opera" in the drama of Song Dynasty. Bao Gong Opera rose in the Yuan Dynasty and eventually became a great spectacle in the late Qing Dynasty. For hundreds of years, the story of Bao Gong's trial has been incorporated into zaju, Southern Opera, storytelling, novels, Peking Opera in Qing Dynasty and many local operas. In modern times, "Bao Gong Case" has also been adapted into film and television dramas for many times. Countless people in China learned about the ancient judicial system and judicial culture through Bao Gong Opera. Some scholars take Bao Gong's drama as a sample, carefully analyze the traditional "judicial mode of rule by man" and reflect on "the important reason why China's traditional justice can't be modernized for a long time".

However, as a folk art after the annihilation of civilization in Song Dynasty, almost all the stories of Bao Gong Opera were fabricated by grass people, and the judicial scene reconstructed by them on the stage was completely out of touch with the judicial system in Song Dynasty. If you think that Bao Gong Opera shows the judicial process in the Song Dynasty, then you have played a joke on "treating Feng Jing as a horse". Now it is necessary for us to clarify the judicial tradition in Song Dynasty, which was obscured by Bao Gong's drama.

Just as all the immortals in the list of gods are bound to show their magic weapons as soon as they appear, Bao Qingtian in the Bao Gong case also carries various props given by the emperor to represent the supreme power. In Yuan Zaju, there is only a "potential sword gold medal", but in Ming and Qing legends, there is a "big wholesale" of power props: "(Song Emperor) gave me a Jin Jian, two bronze spears and a rusty piece of wood. Black wooden cangue pointed black wooden staff, wanton human injustice; You should use a flail-pointed Sophora japonica stick to fight the Third Division and Jiuqing. Peach wooden cangue pointed peach wooden staff, the day breaks and the night breaks. "

The "potential sword" and "Jin Jian" here are the so-called shots; "Gold medal" is the iron coupon of Dan Shu, commonly known as "gold medal from death"; "Bronze spear" later developed into familiar "dragon spear", "tiger spear" and "dog spear". Dragon spears kill nobles, tiger spears kill officials, and dog spears kill civilians. With these magic weapons, Bao Qingtian became the most powerful judge in history, killing Buddha in case of Buddha and killing ghosts in case of ghosts.

Interestingly, Bao Gong's criminals sometimes have similar magic weapons. For example, Chao Opera Bao Gong's Jian Lu Zhailang and Sichuan Opera Broken Iron Roll are all adapted from Yuan Zaju Bao's Jian Lu Zhailang. They are all talking about Lu Zhailang, the son of a noble family, who relied on the ancestral iron coupons of Dan Shu to protect himself, unscrupulous and lawless. Then the fun is coming: can the Fang Shangjian with the highest lethality break the iron coupon of Dan Shu with the highest protection? Judging from the operas, it seems unbreakable. So in the end, Bao Gong had to use extreme means to deceive the world, writing "Lu Zhailang" as "Fish Qi", in order to trick the emperor into approving the death penalty, approving the document back, and then changing it to "Lu Zhailang" before sending this bully to the execution ground for execution.

As a result, the judicial decision that should be based on the law to distinguish right from wrong has evolved into a power confrontation in which whoever has stronger power props wins, as demonstrated in Stephen Chow's movie "Jiupin Sesame Officer": one side offered a yellow jacket to protect himself, the other side offered a Fang Jian that could break the yellow jacket, and the other side found that Fang Jian was a fake product. This also confirms the criticism of the traditional people on the "judicial mode of rule by man".

However, such a dramatic plot of power props confrontation is absolutely impossible in the judicial process of the Song Dynasty. It is impossible for Bao Gong to own Fang Shangjian ―― because in Song Dynasty, there was no system of granting Fang Shangjian to ministers and giving them the exclusive right to kill. It was not until the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty that the sword system appeared, and the emperor gave the sword holder the super powers of "if I come in person" and "acting first". Bao Gong's three-mouth straw cutter is a torture device imagined by folk literati. The hay cutter has never been listed as an execution tool in past dynasties. Probably after entering the Yuan Dynasty, the folk literati got inspiration from the straw cutter used by Mongols to cut grass, and only then thought of the plot of creating a pair of bronze spears for Bao Gong.

As for the so-called "death-free gold medal", although the emperor of the Song Dynasty gave Li Zhongjin, Miao Fu, Liu Zhengyan and other generals the iron coupons of Dan Shu in wartime, they were not always made in the Song Dynasty. With the defeat of Li Zhongjin, Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan, the iron coupons were punished for self-immolation and destroyed, so that the iron coupon system no longer existed, so that Cheng Dachang, a Southern Song Dynasty man, said: Therefore, it is impossible to have iron coupons of Dan Shu in the judicial process of the Song Dynasty. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the iron coupons of Dan Shu became a formal system.