What are the inconsistencies in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms?

Actually, Zhou Yu lived longer than Zhuge Liang. . . Zhuge Liang didn't provoke so many people. Besides, Sima Yi is not an empty account of the 99 historical facts in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

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Romance of the Three Kingdoms is based on the history of the Three Kingdoms. When referring to the romance in Chen Bing Miscellanies, Zhang Xuecheng said that "seven points are true and three points are empty". Many wonderful plots in The Romance are legends through the ages, which are deeply influenced by local legends and anecdotes in unofficial history.

That's the truth. Unofficial history's interpretation is good-looking, the characterization is full and memorable, but it is not true enough.

1, Cao Cao killed the Lv Boshe family: It's true, because Lv Boshe's son died after trying to rob property and report it to officials to get a reward. In order to portray the true face of Cao Cao's traitors, Luo Guanzhong fabricated the words "I would rather teach me to be a traitor for the whole world than teach the whole world to be a traitor for me".

2. Change the headscarf to escape: Sun Jian told Zu Mao to wear a headscarf to escape and distract the enemy. The three countries did not say that Zu Mao was killed by Hua Xiong.

3. Warm wine killed Hua Xiong: Hua Xiong was not killed by Guan Yu, but by Sun Jian's troops.

4. Three British Wars Lu Bu: It was Luo Guanzhong who wanted to exaggerate Lu Bu's bravery. There is no such thing. Hulao Pass and Surabaya were called in the same place at different times.

5. Lu Bu killed Dong Zhuo: They did it for a maid-in-waiting, and the story of Diusim was compiled by later generations. There is no series of tricks and honey traps designed by Wang Yun.

6. Cao Song's death: Tao Qian sent someone to kill him.

7. Lyu3 bu4 repelled six generals: There is no such thing, but Luo Guanzhong wanted to exaggerate Lyu3 bu4' s bravery.

8. A bloody battle in Wancheng: Jia Xu used the rumors of Cao Cao and Zou.

9. Japanese: Is it fiction, or is Luo Guanzhong deliberately portraying Cao Cao's viciousness?

10, Killing to protect yourself in a dream: it's fiction, and it's also for depicting Cao Cao.

1 1, Yuanmen shooting halberd: Yes, but it's not that far.

12, Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao: Guan Yu was captured in battle failure and surrendered voluntarily when he met Zhang Liao, not to mention three conditions.

13, Guan Yu beheaded Yan Liang: It really happened, but Zhang Liao's army weakened Yan Liang Jun first, and then Guan Yu killed him.

14, Guan Yu beheaded Wen Chou: Huang Xu killed him.

15, going through five hurdles and killing six generals: it's fiction.

16, Battle of Bowangpo: It was played by Liu Bei. The battle took place in AD 202, five years before Kong Ming came out of the mountain, and was not directly attacked by fire. It was Liu Bei who set fire to the houses of the people, so that Xia Houdun could not get the spoils, and then set an ambush to repel them.

17, Zhao Yunchang Banpo went in seven times and out seven times to save Adou with a million troops: it should be for Nagsaka. Zhao Yun only escorted Liu Bei's family to retreat, and there was no such thing as seven times.

18, Zhang Fei of Changbanqiao scared off Cao Jun: This was also Liu Bei's order. Later, Liu Bei ran away by himself. Zhang Fei didn't scare Xiahou Jie, nor did he take advantage of his momentum. It was Cao Cao who thought Zhang Fei was brave and stopped the invasion. Zhang Fei's word is virtue, not wing virtue.

19, risk: Huang Gai did cheat, but he was not beaten.

20. Borrowing an arrow from a straw boat: This is Sun Quan's strategy. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Luo Guanzhong deliberately invented it to depict Kongming.

2 1, Zhou Yu's spy: I made it up. When I think about it, I know that Cao Cao is not that stupid. Still depicting his paranoia.

22. Borrow Dongfeng: Luo Guanzhong deliberately made it up to impress Kong Ming. Zhou Yu knew that the southeast wind would blow to the winter solstice, and so did Cao Cao, but Cao Cao didn't expect Zhou Yu to attack at that time.

23. Burning Chibi: It was Zhou Yu who burned Chibi, not Kong Ming.

24. Hua Rong said: It is Luo Guanzhong who fawns on Kong Ming. Kong Ming had no idea that Cao Cao would take Huarong Road. This was Liu Bei's idea. When he led the army to pursue Cao Cao, Cao Cao had already fled, but it can be seen that Kong Ming's military talent was not as good as Liu Bei's.

25. Hua Tuo died because he helped Cao Chong recover slowly. Cao Cao thought that he intended to kill Cao Chong and put him to death. He died in 208 AD, and it was certainly impossible to help Guan Yu scrape bones and heal wounds (2 19 AD).

26. Third: Luo Guanzhong wants to beautify again. Zhou Yu died of his own disease, which had nothing to do with Kong Ming. I never said anything about being born with He Shengliang.

27. Attack Xichuan: Pang Tong and Fazheng, not Kongming.

28. Marten's death: Contrary to historical facts, Ma Chao first rebelled, which led to Marten's execution.

29. The Battle of the Hanshui River: It was deliberately fabricated by Luo Guanzhong in order to give Kong Ming a golden face.

30. Flooding the Seventh Army: That was a natural disaster, not Guan Yu's strategy.

3 1, Yang Xiuzhi's death: she died at the age of 45. Luo Guanzhong said he was 34 years old to make readers hate Cao Cao.

32. Death of Gan Ning: Illness, not killed by Shamoko.

33. Huang Zhong's death: He also died of illness, not war.

34. Lu Xun's strategy: it is not that he can't persist from the beginning, but that he can't persist after being defeated by the Shu army.

35. Scold Wang Lang to death: fiction.

36. Sima Yi calculated that spreading rumors led to the failure of Kongming's Northern Expedition: Luo Guanzhong made excuses for Kongming's failure.

37. Ma Su Street Pavilion: Sima Yi had not confronted Kong Ming at that time, but Zhang He was the one who broke the street pavilion.

38. Zhuge Liang's death scared away the living Zhong Da: it did happen, and it was not Zhuge Liang's legacy. It is recorded in Hanshu, Jin Shu, Chunqiu that after Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu army retreated secretly without mourning, and Sima Yi noticed it and led the army to catch up. When the two armies approached, the Shu generals Jiang Wei and Yang Yi ordered the Shu army to feint at the flag, but Sima Yi dared not approach and had to retreat, and the Shu army went into the valley to send out obituaries. At that time, there was a joke in Shu that "Zhong Da was born after Zhuge died".

39. Xu Shu: Real name Fu Shan, alias Xu Shu; Romantic said his real name was Xu Shu, which made him a lucky man. After his mother was arrested, he resigned voluntarily, and there was no false letter.

40. Burning Gourd Valley: Luo Guanzhong did it to give Kong Ming a golden face.

4 1. Yanshou altar: I think it's fake. In order to vilify Wei Yan, Luo Guanzhong arranged for him to hurt the altar of Kongming.

42, empty city plan: fiction, then the coach is not Sima Yi at all.

43, Taoyuan Jieyi: The official history did not write Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei Jieyi, only mentioned that love is like brothers.

44. Famous vessels: Double-edged sword, dragon crescent moon blade, Zhang Ba snake spear, Tian Fang painting halberd, Tian Yijian and other famous vessels are fictional to describe the characters.

45. Zhang Fei whipped Du You: Liu Beigan. Because Du You refused to see Liu Bei, Liu Bei whipped Du You in a rage.

46. Cao Cao offered a seven-star knife: a fictional story. In Romance, Cao Cao tried to kill Dong Zhuo with a sword. In fact, Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo would eventually lose and fled back to his hometown overnight.

47. Chen Gong captured and released Cao Cao: Chen Gong began to follow Cao Cao in 19 1 year. It was not Chen Gong who captured and released Cao Cao, but someone else.

48. The 18th Route warlord begged Dong Zhuo: In fact, only the 11th Route local army participated in Dong Zhuo's crusade, including the late general Yuan Shu, Jizhou Fu, Yuzhou secretariat Kong Zhou, Yanzhou secretariat Liu Dai, Hanoi satrap Wang Kuang, Bohai satrap Yuan Shao, Chen Liutai, satrap Qiao Jia, satrap, Hebei Beixin and Guangling satrap Zhu Kezhang. Tao Qian participated at that time and contributed food, grass and money, but did not send troops. Gongsun Zan also participated in the countersignature, but in dealing with Wu Huan, he did not send troops; Kong Rong busy dealing with the yellow turban insurrectionary thief; Although Marten and Han Sui hadn't accepted the proposal at that time, they didn't support Dong Zhuo (imperial court). Although Qingzhou secretariat Jiaohe once started fighting, because Qingzhou yellow turban insurrectionary revived, it did not join the alliance and soon died of illness. Wang Rui, the secretariat of Jingzhou, also took part in the war, and was forced to death by Sun Jian because of personal grievances. In addition, Wang Chen Liu Chong and Chen Guoxiang Luo Jun, Henan Athena Chu Juan opposed Dong Zhuo and rose.

49. Sun Jian's death: When he was chasing the enemy, he only took a few followers, but he was ambushed by Huang Zu and died in Xianshan.

50. Liu Huangshu Liu Bei: In order to show Liu Bei's status, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms portrayed him as a monarch who inherited the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty, and made up a complete genealogy of 18 generations for Liu Bei. Liu Bei became an uncle in a row. This title is a magic weapon that Liu Bei used to fight against Emperor Cao Cao and become a vassal. In fact, Liu Sheng's son, Liu Zhen, lost his qualification as a Marquis because he didn't pay gold according to the regulations of the imperial court. Later, after experiencing wars and political disputes, the family background has been declining and the genealogy is unknown. He only knows that Liu Bei is a master of the Han dynasty, and his seniority is unknown.

5 1, Red Rabbit Horse: Red Rabbit Horse disappeared after Lu Bu's defeat. Did not become Guan Yu's mount.

52. Sun Ce's death: He was assassinated by an assassin, who was a domestic slave and guest of Xu Gong, the former prefect of Wu County, and was not frightened to death by Yu Ji.

53. Legacy of Liaodong: A fictional plot. Guo Jia died suddenly at the age of 38, leaving no plan. This plan was Cao Cao's own.

54. Mrs. Mi jumped into the well: According to official records, both Mrs. Gan and Mrs. Mi were safe in Dangyang.

55. Liu Cong was killed: after he was given to Jingzhou, he was appointed as the secretariat of Qingzhou by Cao Cao and was made a marquis, but he was not killed. Later, in recognition of his achievements, Cao Cao suggested becoming a doctor.

56. Debate among Confucians: It is only recorded that Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan met, and warring factions and pacifists in Soochow competed with each other.

57. South County Dispute: It didn't happen. After Zhou Yu's death, Sun Quan lent Nanjun to Liu Bei.

58. Guan Yu was at war with Huang Zhong: Liu Bei was in the south of Jingnan, and the governors of the four counties suffered from the wind, so Huang Zhong surrendered with Han Xuan, the prefect of Changsha.

59. Sun Liu's marriage: The marriage between Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei is only a kind of political marriage, which has no color of love between men and women, and no later Mrs. Sun threw herself into the river.

60. Losing his wife and losing his soldiers: Sun Quan did not adopt Zhou Yu's honey trap.

6 1, Zhou Yu is narrow-minded: History records Zhou Yu's broad-minded, generous and friendly style. And I haven't even met Zhuge. How can I be jealous? Moreover, Zhou Yu's generosity was famous during the Three Kingdoms period.

62. Hanging Zhou Yu: It was Pang Tong who hanged Zhou Yu, not Zhuge Liang. During the two years from the end of Battle of Red Cliffs to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang has been in Lingling area.

63. Cut the robe: The battle was really fierce, but Ma Chao was defeated, and the official history did not take Cao Cao to cut the robe and then escape.

64, Xu Wei naked Ma Chao: There is no record, Ma Chao was even scared by Xu Wei.

65. Zhang Song presented a map: Liu Bei should be asked about the soldiers, horses, grain and money in Zhang Song and Shu, so Zhang Song drew a map for Liu Bei.

66. Luo Fengpo: Pang Tong was killed by an arrow when he attacked Luocheng.

67. Ma Chao hit Zhang Fei: Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei privately, demanding surrender. There is no story in the novel that Zhang Fei and Ma Chao fought for more than 200 rounds, and were later surrendered by Zhuge Liang.

68. Hanzhong: The commander in chief of Hanzhong is Liu Bei, and the staff is Fa Zheng.

69. Plan to seize the sky and swing the mountain: pure fiction.

70. General of the Five Tigers: Liu Bei did not receive the title of "General of the Five Tigers" because The Romance of the Three Kingdoms put the biographies of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong in the same chapter. Later people called it Shu Five Tigers.

7 1, Zhou Cang, Hu Ban: fictional characters, not recorded in history. Hu Ban may refer to Wu Ban, commander-in-chief of Shu.

72. Guan Yu's Single Knife Club: an official banquet hosted by Lu Su and Guan Yu. Lu Su ordered the Dongwu generals to go to dinner alone, presided over by Guan Yu.

73. Curettage: At this time, Hua Tuo had died in Battle of Red Cliffs and was operated by an ordinary military doctor.

74. Guan Yu refused to surrender in Maicheng: There is no clear record of refusing to surrender in history, but there is a record in Biography of Jiang Biao that Guan Yu tried to make a false surrender to break through.

75. Capturing Guan Yu: Not Pan Zhang, but Ma Zhong.

76. Mr. Yuquan, Chasing Monroe: Mr. Yuquan adapted from the story of building a temple in yuquan temple in the Tang Dynasty, and Monroe died of illness.

77. Guan Ping: Guan Yu's eldest son is not his son. With joining the army, his name only appeared twice in the History of the Three Kingdoms.

78. Guan Xing: Weak Guan (nearly 20 years old) died a few years after the Yiling War, because he was a senior assistant and overseer of the China Army.

79. Zhang Bao: Although she died young, she left a son, Zhang Zun.

80. Pan Zhang's death: Pan Zhang made a meritorious military service for Sun Quan in the battle of Yiling, slashing Feng and others, and died in 234.

8 1, Bai Di entrusted orphans: Liu Bei entrusted orphans and Zhuge Liang and Li Yan when he died, but he still said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " The main situation is the same.

82. Eight-array map: Eight-array map is the art of war array formulated by Zhuge Liang. The so-called eight arrays are the sky-covering array, the ground-carrying array, the wind-rising array, the hanging cloud array, the dragonfly array, the tiger wing array, the flying bird array and the snake flat array. Each array consists of 32 soldiers. Jin Ji written by Gan Bao in the Jin Dynasty and Water Mirror Notes written by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty are also recorded. But it's not a strange stone array or a maze.

83. Seven captures Meng Huo: There is no record of seven captures Meng Huo in the History of the Three Kingdoms. However, there is a saying of "seven captures and seven verticals" in Han Shu Jin Shu Hua Yang Guo Zhi Chun Qiu, but the specific process is not recorded. E Huan, Zhu Rong, Meng You and Muluwang were all created by novels.

84. Six trips to Qishan: Zhuge Liang cut Wei five times, and only the first and fourth trips to Qishan were blocked by Cao Zhen.

85. After the Model: Many people think that it is the false trust of future generations, not Zhuge Liang.

86. Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang: During Zhuge Liang's first three northern expeditions, Wei Jun was not commanded by Sima Yi, but by Cao Zhen.

Cao Zhen: Cao Zhen died of illness in Luoyang.

88. Zhuge Liang scolded Wang Lang: In 228, Wang Lang died of illness and did not go out with the army.

89. Zhuge Liang uses troops: Zhuge Liang is good at using troops to run the army, but he is not good at planning, and his political achievements are the most dazzling.

90. Burning Valley Above: Zhuge Liang defeated Wei Jun in Lucheng, and Sima Yi only saved the camp with his body. The Three Kingdoms did not mention what tactics were used to break Wei Jun, and there was no big difference between Shaanxi rural legends and romance; Above the valley, when it comes to Hulu Valley, it is suspected to be the nickname of Lucheng.

9 1, Seven-Star Lantern Continues Life: Fictional Plot.

92. Wei Yan rebelled and was killed by Ma Dai: Wei Yan and Yang Yi were at odds, failed in their struggle and were killed in defeat.

93. Geographical relocation: move Taibai Mountain to Qishan side, move Chencang to the south of Jieting, or even move Qishan to the side of the diagonal valley north of Baoxie Road, or move to the vicinity of Wuzhangyuan.

94. Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country and the army, his character of helping the world and loving the people, and his modesty and prudence set an example for various outstanding historical figures in later generations. The monarch, intellectuals and the people all praised him, praised him and loved him from different angles. It can be said that Zhuge Liang's great influence in history has surpassed his political and military practice in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Although The Romance of the Three Kingdoms highlights the positive aspects of Zhuge Liang's life, such as personality, morality and achievements, it is infinitely exaggerated, describing him as the embodiment of wisdom and the representative of loyalty, and deifying him into a superman image that is half man and half god. Lu Xun commented: "Zhuge Liang's wisdom is close to the devil." Therefore, Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not a real historical figure, but a historical novel figure.

95. Liu Bei: Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "Hongyi is a generous man, knowing people and being good at his duties, wearing the style of Gao Zu, and is a hero. And entrusted the whole country to Zhuge Liang, but with the same mind, sincere monarch and minister serve the public and prosper in ancient and modern times. If you have no right to do something, you can't catch Wei Wu. Because the base is too narrow. " However, he "persevered and never did it." In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Liu Bei as a representative of the benevolent and the orthodox successor of the imperial power in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is extremely exaggerated to describe Liu Bei's character of kindness, generosity and kindness to others. However, while highlighting his kindness, he fell into incompetence, giving people the feeling of incompetence and hypocrisy. Liu Bei in TV plays is often Lacrimosa. Although crying and tears show Liu Bei's benevolence and righteousness, they give people the impression that Liu Bei's world is crying, distorting Liu Bei's true image as a "lean" and "outstanding person".

96. Guan Yu: In history, Guan Yu was the tiger general of "ten thousand enemies". He is proud and has no regrets, and his grievances are clear. He is famous for his loyalty, but he is "righteous and proud", with more courage and less wisdom. After Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, he was named General of the Day. When Guan Yu was in charge of Jingzhou, he wrote a book with Zhuge Liang, "Ask who can compare with the super talent." Zhuge Liang wrote back that Ma Chao is a great man in the world, but he is not as good as Guan Yu's "peerless", and Guan Yu "keeps books to entertain himself as a guest." This is a typical brave and foolhardy military commander's character. However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because he is a member of Liu Bei's camp and has the characteristics of loyalty, he is portrayed as the embodiment of benevolence and righteousness. He followed Liu Bei and did not avoid difficulties and obstacles. Xiapi was captured and surrendered to Cao Cao, but his heart was tied to Liu Bei. He just thought that Cao Cao was very kind to him, so he killed Yuan Shao's general Yan Liang for Cao Cao before returning Liu, and lifted the siege of the white horse. However, it is written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Guan Yu met three times when Pi surrendered, and Cao Cao had a small banquet on the third day and a big banquet on the fifth day, but it was false. In short, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Guan Yu as a "righteous man", so his image was seriously distorted.

97. Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao's character was very complicated. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is the "most understanding" in the history of the Three Kingdoms. "The magic of application and transaction, the unique strategies of Korea and Belarus, and the official awarding materials have their own tools, and they are sentimental and don't think about old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain.

98. Zhou Yu: In history, Zhou Yu was "sexually generous", modest and convincing, and "generous and ambitious". Liu Bei called him "the plan of civil and military affairs, the English of ten thousand people." Sun Quan praised him as "the capital of Wang Zuo". However, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu became the bottom figure of Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu was written to raise Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Zhou Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is narrow-minded and always inferior to Zhuge Liang in wisdom. Unlike Zhou Yu praised by Su Shi, he is a "romantic figure through the ages".

99. Lu Su: If the characters of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are distorted, but there is still some basis, then in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su is almost completely fabricated except the name. Lu Su in history was "in the army, never leaving his book", "far-sighted" and "brilliant". When he first met Sun Quan, he put forward the founding policy: set foot in the east of the Yangtze River, reject Cao Cao in the north, wait for the destruction of Huang Zu, head for Liu Biao, who was accidentally discovered in the Yangtze River, and then build the so-called emperor for the world. This is similar to Zhuge Liang's longzhong pair. When Cao Cao's army marched south to Jingzhou, Sun Quan's men all surrendered, but Lu Su advocated resisting Cao and advised Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu in order to defend the plan in the commercial war. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he urged-Cao. In the history of Wu Dong, Lu Su was a real Zhuge Liang figure, and Sun Quan also admired him very much. The establishment and development of Wu was basically carried out in accordance with the political strategy and strategic policy put forward by Lu Su. However, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su became a victim of the wits and wits of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, a typical example of being fooled and bullied.