If the Eight Kings of Yongzheng succeeded in discussing state affairs, what changes would history have?

The political system of eight kings in the late Jin Dynasty was actually a tribal alliance system, which flourished in the Jin Dynasty. Compared with the feudal social system, it is retrogressive. How is it possible to enter the constitutional monarchy?

Politically, Nurhachi is far less than Huang Taiji, not at the same level. He has no idea what it means to discuss politics with the Eight Kings.

The so-called discussion of the Eight Kings is a joke in itself. Whether it is the Ming Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty, whether it is Nurhachi or Zhu Yuanzhang, it is always considered to be a centralized monarchy and a personal dictatorship.

The "Birth" of Eight Kings' Deliberation of State Affairs

Nurhachi's rule was patriarchal (the owners of the Eight Banners were all Nurhachi's sons and nephews, so Nurhachi was a parent, but at the same time he claimed to be the parent of all the people, so it was called paternalism. ), the eight kings discussed politics in his later years, that is, when communicating with his sons in March of the seventh year of Destiny, he mentioned this system:

Palm flag (main flag) Baylor is the eight kings;

"the eight banners are discussed together, and nothing is lost." ;

Share the benefits equally;

In fact, it is to contain each other and put an end to the pseudo-democracy of centralization;

Meeting twice a month on 5th and 20th;

Etiquette: Khan's king bowed to his uncle and brother first, and then sat down for the audience to bow. Khan and the flag owners sat in a row.

Nurhachi ignored his "prestige" condition.

In fact, this is a slightly selfish and wishful thinking.

For example, give two yellow flags to A Zi, Dourgen and Duoduo. The two yellow flags knew that the final result would be to change the flag or even lower it, but no one dared to object. This shows that Nurhachi has a certain degree of control over the regime. Why didn't he keep those two yellow flags for himself? Because it is unnecessary, every flag belongs to his personal "industry", including the flag owner, and the power of life and death is all in his own hands.

When Dourgen fought for the hall of Qin Zheng, he didn't have the prestige. Sony and Ao Bai are just trying not to lower their flags, which is the collective interest of the two yellow flags. They are not the most loyal people. The most loyal people are all loyal to Huang Taiji.

Huang taiji's choice

It didn't take long for the Eight Kings to really play a role. Huang taiji soon put the system on the shelf after he succeeded to the throne. Just like in Nurhachi's time, everyone has a chance to make suggestions. However, there is no need to discuss the problem of being in charge, only Huang Taiji. Otherwise, the purge of these people, such as Mangutai, Mangguji and A Min, will be a warning.

Are they really so guilty? Of course not. Both Mongurtai and A Min were forced by Huang Taiji. As for Mangguji's rebellion ... if the monk is cold, Huang Taiji will believe it because he is the mastermind.

What is the main reason? I don't think it can be simply attributed to Huang taiji's ruthlessness. This is entirely because Nurhachi left a mess, and the contradictions among all classes were profound and serious.

If Huang Taiji was ruled by the Eight Kings, there was no way to control the chaos at that time. Some historical materials have been cleaned up after the Qing dynasty entered the customs, but they have not been cleaned up, such as the death of Chu Ying, who was not so stupid and could not get along.

A large number of clues show that the late Jin Dynasty was already in a state of chaos between the army and the people. He used military service to crush soldiers and labor to crush civilians (including jurchen) without limit, which made it natural for soldiers to steal military supplies to support their families. How dare civilians steal from the army? So they moved to Daming.

It is also a spectacle and a "besieged city". At that time, Jurchen soldiers and Ming soldiers in the border areas were indifferent to "smuggling". There are too many people to stop them. Jurchen ran to the Ming Dynasty, and those who couldn't survive in the Ming Dynasty ran to Hetuala, which was actually not much better.

Huang taiji was recommended by everyone. He had his ruling foundation and stable basic disk, but when he took over the power, the late Jin was dying. Chaos is only one aspect. The Little Ice Age was all over the world, not just in the Ming Dynasty, and it was inevitable that there were no crops all over the world. The Ming dynasty was delicious, and the late Jin dynasty also happened at that time. Silver is also worthless. Ordinary horses can sell more than 200 taels of silver, with more money and less material, and inflation is serious.

This led Huang Taiji to make two decisions. First, it was time and tide wait for no one. No one concentrated power quickly. As long as the power was as long as one arm's length, there was no need to discuss the affairs of the Eight Kings. Only in this way can Hou Jin get out of trouble quickly. The second is to rob Daming to tide over the difficulties, even if the Mongolian allies don't agree, do everything possible to persuade him to go deep into the hinterland and risk being trapped and robbed. Of course, he didn't go in person later, which was unnecessary, because the military strength of the Ming Dynasty was actually finished at that time.

The so-called discussion of eight kings was destroyed in the early days of Huang Taiji's administration. If Daishan has no eye price, it must be him who is unlucky in the end, so Daishan also took the initiative to give in, fulfilling Huang Taiji's "sitting alone in the south of the Yangtze River".

The Eight Kings' Inevitable Embarrassment * * *

Since then, the rule of eight kings has existed in name only, which stems from two contradictions:

First, the system belongs to the system. They all have the highest leadership. In Nurhachi's time, no one dared to challenge his authority, so the Eight Banners were just his tools. He thought that the descendants of the Eight Kings would discuss politics, which seemed a bit unkind. You have to concentrate the strength of others, otherwise four to four will either separate or start working. This is also like Cixi. She was in power all her life, and when she died, she told her not to allow women to be regents (later she changed her mind), which suits you.

Second, it did not conform to the social development trend in the late Jin Dynasty. At that time, the late Jin Dynasty was a stage of rapid transformation from manor slavery to feudalism, which made Nurhachi transform into tribal alliance system, which did not conform to the development trend of the late Jin Dynasty. Changes in military, production and lifestyle will also affect ideology, so the discussion of the Eight Kings will eventually be eliminated by the general trend.

Another thing is that Nurhachi is easy to stand and talk like it's easy. At the end of his reign, he dared to try the rule of eight kings, because no matter how he tried, no one dared to challenge his authority, and some dared to try what the result was. But can the new king succeed to the throne with his prestige and control?

Although the Eight Kings * * * rule, or the King's Parliament, lasted for more than 100 years, its function gradually lost with the collapse of monarchical power until it was completely abolished in the 56th year of Qianlong. In this process, it made a certain contribution to the development of the Qing dynasty, but it always belonged to the object of the emperor's fear, so the fate is known.

The deep-seated reasons for the emergence of "the rule of eight kings"

Nuerhachi, the ninth son of Emperor Kangxi, has already tasted it, let alone Shuerhachi. At that time, Hutu Alaman was not very big, and Nurhachi had never heard of it. Abolishing Huang taiji vs. Daishan, at the beginning of Daishan, there was no room for change, that is to say, he still had the hope of succession, but Huang taiji wooed some forces and wanted to overthrow Daishan, and Daishan was afraid.

For the sake of these sons who don't worry about their old age, and for the sake of the stable inheritance of the late Jin inheritance, Nurhachi came up with the idea of * * * governing the Eight Kings, which was also forced.

The role played by the Eight Heavenly Kings * * *

In the face of chaos, Huang taiji can only concentrate on meeting difficulties, so the discussion of the Eight Kings becomes a pure flag master work meeting. You can express your opinions at will, but only Huang taiji has the final say. I'm afraid the biggest role of the Eight Kings Rule is to "democratize" Huang Taiji. Unfortunately, Huang taiji died suddenly in his prime, laying an unstable mine for the Qing court.

The drawback of the eight kings' rule is that each has its own ulterior motives. The Eight Heavenly Kings may not really be for the benefit of the whole ethnic group. For example, the second "glory" of the Eight Kings * * rule still involves the struggle for the throne, that is, Qin Zhengting, but even so, the Eight Kings * * rule has played its role.

Daishan doesn't offend anyone. Gil Harlan is two sides of the wind, while Sony Ao Bai is fighting for his life. Duoduo doesn't want to give up his chance. If he does vote, Dourgen is likely to inherit the throne, but he is interfered by Sony and Ao Bai. Dourgen doesn't care about these two "domestic slaves", but he knows that they represent the overall interests of the two yellow flags, so this "eight kings rule".

During Nurhachi's period, the rule of eight kings had no binding effect on him.

During the period of Huang taiji, the rule of eight kings was a joke;

In the regency era of Dourgen, the rule of eight kings was still a joke;

In the era of Kangxi's four auxiliary ministers, the rule of eight kings was still a joke for Ao Bai;

After the pro-government, the South School came into being, and the rule of eight kings was a joke of Emperor Kangxi.

During the Yongzheng period, Yong Zhengdi was so serious that he was too lazy to see jokes. This directly established military department completely overhead Wang's meeting;

In the Qianlong period, although this was a rule set by our ancestors, it was really useless, so Emperor Qianlong finally put an end to this joke.

Looking down all the way, it should be my definition of * * * ruling the Eight Heavenly Kings. The discussion of the Eight Kings is purely a joke, because fundamentally, he and the imperial system are in a state of conflict and opposition, and they cannot * * * survive. If the two coexist, there must be strong and weak. The so-called king conference system is not just a system, it is an aristocratic group, and the key word is "king". Once collusion in private can threaten the imperial power and even the life of the emperor, which is intolerable to kings of all dynasties and has touched the bottom line of rulers, so the rule of eight kings has not yet come out, but it has actually come to an end.

Funny or not, Nurhachi was a man more than 400 years ago. You can't let him go directly. At least the Eight Heavenly Kings * * rule solved the problem of his difficult choice. After the harsh words "beating" Huang Taiji, the system of "eight kings * * rule" was adopted, which made the struggle of Baylor turn into infighting, at least on the surface, very harmonious.

Enter the constitutional monarchy?

That's impossible. Zai Feng, the last Regent, has tried for them. The "royal cabinet" is a new form and useless.

First, the backward system will lead to less "democracy" and more unstable political situation.

Second, even if the separation of powers between the eight kings is successful, it will also face the problem of who is in charge, and the so-called * * * rule is still not established.

Third, the so-called Eight Kings * * * ruled the royal family and nobles out of self-interest. This is a struggle, a struggle with the emperor's decentralization. Yongzheng would rather be slaughtered than allow these people to catch demons.