What does Hui Jing mean? Why is Nanjing called Hui Jing?

Hui Jing is a kind of banter for Nanjing, so why is Nanjing called Hui Jing? In ancient times, Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province were actually one province, that is, jiangnan province. Everyone should have heard of it. In the Qing Dynasty, jiangnan province was divided into two parts because of its huge economy, but the capital of Jiangsu Province was not Nanjing at first, but Suzhou, and the capital of Anhui Province was Nanjing. In other words, Nanjing belonged to Anhui at that time. The following are some stories of jiangnan province at that time. If you are interested, come and have a look.

Few provincial capital cities, like Nanjing, are obviously the capital of Jiangsu Province, but they are always remembered by Anhui Province next door, especially the people of Huaidong. When they heard that they were going to enter a big city, their first thought was to go to Nanjing, not Hefei. Nanjing also has a large number of Anhui people. It is not clear whether there are a large number of Jiangsu people in Hefei.

Therefore, there has always been a joke that Nanjing is actually the capital of Anhui and is affectionately called "Hui Jing".

The reasons given online are also very sufficient. For example, geographically, Nanjing is located in the southwest border of Jiangsu Province, close to Quanjiao County of Anhui Province, unlike most provincial capitals in the middle of the province. Economically, Nanjing's influence mainly radiates to Anhui, and its development level is not as good as that of Suzhou, and even Wuxi can compete. Compared with the giants of Wuhan and Chengdu, Nanjing seems to be unable to play the role of the provincial capital.

In fact, if you want to find out why there is such an embarrassing situation, you will eventually go to ancient times to find your roots. The following article will discuss this interesting topic from the perspective of administrative construction in Anhui and Jiangsu since the Yuan Dynasty.

1. Jianghuai Province: Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Huaihe families.

Nanjing is a famous ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The establishment of Jiankang capital in the Southern Song Dynasty has always been regarded as a strategic place to resist the attack of the Northern Jin and Mongolia. The Huaixi Army in the Jianghuai area has always been the most important armed force in Lin 'an, and its garrison scope is in today's Anhui and Jiangsu borders.

In A.D. 1276, the Yuan army went south to seize Jiankang City, threatening Lin 'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court surrendered the city. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu set up Jianghuai and other roads in Jianghuai area and went to Shusheng, unifying the two places (Huainan East Road and Huainan West Road) and Zhejiang (two Zhejiang West Roads and two Zhejiang West Roads). The capital is located in Yangzhou, and Kangcheng is rebuilt as Qing Ji Road. The road here is equivalent to the state capital. Since then, the vast areas of the Huaihe River basin have been unified under the jurisdiction of one province. Today, the scope of Anhui Province is roughly equivalent to Huainan West Road at that time.

The administrative office of Jianghuai Province always moves back and forth between Yangzhou and Hangzhou. Later, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty thought that the strategic position of Henan and Jiangbei area was important, and they merged Jiangbei area and Henan area into Jiangbei Province of Henan Province, located in the capital city of Kaifeng, and changed Jiangnan area into Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, including Jiankang Road and Qing Ji Road in Jiangdong. This separates Nanjing from Huaibei area north of the Yangtze River in administrative divisions.

However, such a setting is understandable. After all, Nanjing has not been the capital for many years, and its importance is not as good as Yangzhou at that time. Because it is located in the south of the Yangtze River, it does not belong to the Huaihe River area, and it is not a provincial capital city at this time, and it has not played its due role.

Second, South Zhili: I am in charge of Huaihe River.

After decades of Qing Ji Road, Jiangning City finally changed its identity in A.D. 1356. This year, Zhu Yuanzhang rebels captured the city, renamed Yingtianfu, and set up a book province in the south of the Yangtze River. But at this time, Zhu Yuanzhang's power is still relatively small, and he can only expand the jurisdiction of the provinces with the growing influence of the insurgents.

In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Zijinshan, Yingtianfu, and established Daming, officially known as Yingtianfu Nanjing, which has been in use ever since. In the 11th year of Hongwu, it was renamed Shi Jing, which further consolidated the position of Nanjing as the first good place.

Nanjing in Ming Dynasty was not only a city in Yingtianfu, but also a vast area of Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and parts of northern Jiangxi. During the Jiajing period, the total * * * governed 14 prefecture and four zhili states, which basically covered the whole Huaihe River basin, so this area was also called Nanzhili, and the administrative units of the southern provinces were no longer used. In other parts of the country, as local administrative units, departments for undertaking publicity and public affairs have been established.

In A.D. 142 1 year, Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing, and the area directly under the jurisdiction of Beijing was also called Beizhili, which was opposite to Nanzhili directly under the jurisdiction of Nanjing. Nanjing has exactly the same six settings as Beijing, forming a special administrative pattern in which two sets of government teams in Beijing were juxtaposed in the Ming Dynasty.

Specifically, the areas under the jurisdiction of Nanzhili in Anhui today include Fengyang (Fengyang and Suzhou), Luzhou (now Hefei and Lu 'an), Anqing (now Anqing), Taiping (now Wuhu), Chizhou (now Chizhou and Tongling), Ningguo (now Xuancheng) and Huizhou (now Qimen).

Not only Nanjing, which is supposed to be rich in land, governs the vast area of Anhui today, but also the government located in Jiangsu today governs some areas of Anhui. It can be said that the two provinces have been a family since ancient times, and the economic and cultural ties are naturally quite close. At the same time, the South Zhili region was also the most developed and affluent region in the world at that time.

The same situation also appeared in the author's hometown of Hunan. The Chief Secretary of Huguang in Ming Dynasty inherited the practice of dividing Huguang into provinces in Yuan Dynasty. Wuchang House (now Wuhan), where the Chief Secretary is located, governs the vast areas of Hunan and Hubei provinces today. There is also a tradition of "two lakes and one family", which was officially divided into two provinces in the Qing Dynasty.

Since the mid-Ming dynasty, in order to manage local governments and consolidate national defense, the imperial court has implemented the governor system, and the central governor sent senior officials named governors and governors to local governments for management. In the fourteenth year of the Orthodox Church (1449), the imperial court set up the Governor of Huaiyang and the Governor of Susong in the southern Zhili region, in which the Governor of Huaiyang took Yingtianfu as the center to manage the state capital 15. Later, with Yingtianfu as the center, Governor Yingtianfu was established. The governor gradually became the local chief executive.

As for the post of governor, it was originally a system of the highest military chief to co-ordinate the military forces in a certain area. Only for the needs of the war at that time, the Ming Dynasty temporarily set up the governors of Xuanda, Guangdong, Guangxi, Trilateral and Jilin and Liao who guarded the border. For example, during the Chongzhen period, in order to suppress the Li Zicheng and Zhang Uprising, the Governor Fengyang was appointed to co-ordinate the military forces in the south of Zhili. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that a complete governor system was really formed in this area.

Third, jiangnan province: Now there is Anhui.

The Qing army entered the customs from the northeast, and Nanjing was captured in A.D. 1645, so the establishment of Nanzhili was naturally cancelled. Following the system of Ming Dynasty, Manchu established Jiangnan Division in the hometown of Nanzhili to undertake propaganda and dispatch, forming jiangnan province, and its governor-general office was located in Nanjing, renamed jiangning house. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), the envoys in the south of the Yangtze River separated. The left ambassador is still located in Jiangning and the right ambassador is located in Suzhou. 1662, Anhui governor was also located in Anqing. However, at this time, the jurisdiction of the Governor and the local administrative jurisdiction do not completely overlap, otherwise there will be no situation in which the Governor and the Chief Secretary are different cities.

Jiangnan province covers Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai, as well as parts of Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. During the Shunzhi period, in order to continue to eliminate and pacify the anti-Qing forces in the south, safeguard the central rule, and implement "divide and rule in the south of the Yangtze River", the left and right political envoys in the south of the Yangtze River were separated. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), the right minister of Jiangnan was changed to the minister of Jiangsu, named after the initials of Jiangning and Suzhou. Jiangnan Zuobuzheng Department was changed to Anhui Chief Secretary, named after the initials of Anqing and Huizhou. At this time, although there were no provinces directly under the central government, the administrative divisions of Anhui and Jiangsu were already very obvious.

A few years later, the jurisdiction of the Governor and the Chief Secretary completely overlapped. The areas under the jurisdiction of Anhui Governor and Jiangsu Governor are basically the same as those under the jurisdiction of Anhui and Jiangsu Province today. However, jiangning house's status is still in doubt. Scope belongs to Jiangsu, but long-term management of Anhui's administrative affairs. It's really weird.

In fact, there are different opinions about when Anhui Province was established. Some scholars think that the establishment of Anhui Political Department is equivalent to the establishment of Anhui Province, while others think that Anhui Province was not established until the 25th year of Qianlong (1760). Before 1760, the administrative office of Anhui Political Department had been in Jiangning, which means that before that, Nanjing had been in charge of Anhui and Jiangsu had been in charge of Suzhou. So it is normal for Suzhou to be dissatisfied with Nanjing's jurisdiction. My original position was tied with yours, and my economy was more developed than yours. You should go to Anhui. Why do you care about me?

What is certain is that in A.D. 1760, the Qing government officially designated Jiangning as the governor's office in Jiangsu and Anqing as the governor's office in Anhui. At this time, the governor's yamen was already equivalent to the provincial government, but there was nothing in Hefei, the later provincial capital. The actual jurisdiction of Jiangsu province is also in the south of the Yangtze River, and the great difference between southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu has already planted cause and effect at that time.

Although there is a dispute about the location of the province, people in the Qing Dynasty kept jiangnan province's records for a long time when they registered their place of origin in the imperial examination. The jiangnan province test in Anhui and Jiangsu has always existed, which shows that the people in Jiangsu and Anhui still agree that they belong to jiangnan province and Jiangning is the provincial capital. This kind of psychology has probably continued until now and has become a continuation of Anhui people's feelings for Nanjing.

In the Qing Dynasty, the governor system was widely implemented, and the governors of the two rivers were set up in Jiangning to govern the military and political affairs of jiangnan province and Jiangxi provinces. The governor of Liangjiang ruled the richest Jiangnan area in the country at that time, second only to the governor of Zhili in the country. In the first year of Yongzheng, he was named Minister of War, Governor of Liangjiang, and an imperial advisor to Douchayuan. During Daoguang period, he began to manage the salt administration of the two Huai Dynasties, and at the same time served as the Minister of Trade and Industry of Nanyang in the late Qing Dynasty. Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Liu Kunyi and other famous yat sen villa officials all held this position. During their tenure, they also managed military and political affairs in Jiangning City, including Anhui Province.

During the Xianfeng period, Jiangning was captured and renamed Tianjing, occupying a large area of land in jiangnan province, so that the Anhui Governor's Office was forced to move to Hefei. Tianjin is the capital of Jiangsu and Suzhou is the center of Sufu Province. After the failure of the movement, Anhui Provincial Associated Press moved to Anqing. It was not until after liberation that Hefei officially became the capital of Anhui Province.

In fact, as an ancient Luzhou, Hefei has a history of thousands of years. But for hundreds of years, the people of Anhui and Jiangsu basically lived in the same province, and most of the time they were under the jurisdiction of Nanjing Urban Management Bureau. Even after the separation of brothers, the two provinces have already formed a solid humanistic and emotional bond, and Anhui people seem to have long been accustomed to taking Nanjing as the capital. Coupled with the geographical location adjacent to the border between Nanjing and Anhui, the ridicule of "Hui Jing" is really not just a joke. In another parallel world, Nanjing can really be called the capital of Anhui.

As for the issue of economic development, think about Shandong Province and Jinling City, which should have a psychological balance.