Interesting application

Funny is an aesthetic category. As far as the aesthetic object is concerned, its special proof contains some ugly factors, but the ugly component is far from threatening or pressing the subject, so it is insignificant and dismissive. In terms of aesthetic experience, it causes the subject to laugh, which shows that the subject has reached a sober understanding of the objective regularity behind this ugly form, is confident that he can subdue ugliness, and is calm and rational in his attitude. In addition to these common aspects, different types of funny or comedy are also very different in nature. The emotional attitude of the subject to the aesthetic object can be completely different, even completely opposite, which can be hatred, contempt, regret, sympathy, even admiration and appreciation. Synonyms to express this kind are: comedy, funny, banter, humor, wit and so on. There is a kind of funny, corresponding to hostile ridicule. The ugly behavior of evil forces when they lost is an example. Because the actions of reactionary forces violate the inevitability of historical development, their evil deeds will eventually be punished by objective laws, and their ugly behavior in front of punishment makes people laugh. In ridicule, it includes both the ruthless lashing of reactionary forces and the confirmation of the objective laws of historical movements; It not only shows contempt for evil behavior, but also shows insight into the reasons for its inevitable failure.

A work of art can condense such an aesthetic object and form a comedy. Its social function lies in teasing and burning ugliness, and improving the vigilance and prevention against ugliness. Another kind of comedy corresponds to friendly ridicule. The embarrassment of good people when they make mistakes is an example. In the act of goodwill, there may be minor setbacks for various reasons. In this funny situation, people laugh because the behavior is out of control and does not meet the purpose. While laughing at the ugly factors, we maintain the affirmation of its behavior intention and feel sorry for it. For example, circus clowns imitate stuntmen's clumsy movements, which are uncoordinated, unreasonable and inappropriate because they can't master the rules or violate them. People can't help laughing and ask themselves to avoid them.

The artistic works formed by summarizing such aesthetic objects can make human beings say goodbye to their stupidity happily, thus improving their behavior and society. There is also a kind of comedy, which arouses laughter with elaborate absurdity or absurdity. It is mostly manifested in language art, such as puns, homophones, limericks, irony, etc., which are often encountered in cross talk or word games, and unexpectedly link unrelated things together. Such as a ridiculous scene in a painting, rude and discordant noise in a piece of music, and the close juxtaposition of contrasting images also belong to this category. Excellent people in ancient China were good at "replacing remonstrance with irony". For example, I wanted to bury a love horse with a "coffin doctor's gift", but I was told to bury it with a "gentleman's gift", saying that this would let the princes know that "the king is a bitch and your horse is expensive", and Yi realized his fault. You Meng's more absurd suggestion made Chu Zhuangwang laugh before he realized it. Such fables can prevent or avoid absurd accidents in the field of will behavior. Although the laughter caused by its humor indirectly implies contempt for evil or stupidity, in the direct aesthetic relationship, it is neither laughing at evil nor stupidity, but showing appreciation for the wit of the satirist. The absurdity carefully designed in the comedy structure often contains wisdom and tolerance for ugliness, showing an open-minded attitude towards life. In the history of western aesthetics, there are three aesthetic theories that try to explain the absurdity: ① contempt theory or superiority theory. What Hobbes advocated. He thinks ridicule is contempt for some important people with dignity. When people find that their situation is much better than the misfortune of the people they see, or their previous stupidity is much stronger than it, they will feel "sudden glory." H. Bergson's interpretation of comedy effect as "machinery overwhelms life" is similar. He believes that human behavior is a living activity, and it will make people laugh if it suddenly presents inanimate mechanical movement. Say it. Initiated by I Kant and T Lips. They believe that laughter is due to sudden disappointment with an expected situation or a request that is rudely rejected by the outside world. A Schopenhauer's view is similar. He thinks that comedy is just the discovery of a non-existent connection. ③ release theory. Advocated by Spencer and Freud. It is believed that when thoughts suddenly turn from noble to humble, excessive nerve energy will overflow into laughter without being consumed, and laughter is the release of energy. Freud reinterpreted the concept of "release" according to his own psychoanalytic point of view, thinking that it would be ridiculous for instinctive impulses to be released from social repression. These three theories can not only explain some phenomena individually, but also explain all the forms of comedy together. "Historical Records" quoted Cui Haoyu as saying: "Funny, sloppy. Turn to vomit, all day long. Choose your words carefully and talk endlessly. If you spit in a funny way. "