What is the genetic material of life?

The genetic material of life is DNA, and diseases may be born? This is no joke. Many common health problems are actually closely related to heredity. Who will "decide" your inheritance?

Uncover the "mystery of Griffith"

1928, British bacteriologist Griffith (1877- 1944) found that a small amount of "S-type bacteria" could cause pneumonia in mice, but R-type bacteria did not. Once, Griffith injected a mixture of S-type bacteria killed by heating and live R-type bacteria into a mouse, and the mouse actually got sick and died. What's going on here? This is the famous mystery of Griffith.

1944, American bacteriologist Avery (1877- 1955) and others found in the experiment that the dead S-type bacteria did not revive, but the DNA of the S-type bacteria entered the R-type bacteria and transformed it into a new S-type pathogenic pneumococcus. Avery et al.' s experiment not only uncovered the "Griffith mystery", but also proved for the first time in the world that genetic genes are in DNA.

Shining "DNA"

1943, German-born American biologist and physicist Delbrouck (1906- 198 1) and Italian-born American biologist luria (1912-193).

1952, they found that the genetic material that plays a decisive role in the above replication mechanism is DNA. These studies show that: from the genetic point of view, protein in chromosome is "redundant"; RNA only plays a decisive role in those viruses that do not contain DNA; In most organisms, the genetic function is mainly undertaken by DNA. The supporting role DNA on the biological stage has now become a dazzling protagonist.

Hereditary disease

Gastric cancer. The risk of gastric cancer in the immediate family members of patients with gastric cancer is 3 times higher than that in the general population. Therefore, people with a family history of gastric cancer should go to the hospital to monitor whether there is Helicobacter pylori infection.

Breast cancer. 5%- 10% breast cancer is familial. Four symptoms of breast cancer: painless lump, nipple discharge, "dimple" breast skin depression, and "orange peel" around the breast. If someone in the family has breast cancer, they should also pay attention to it and check it regularly.

Overweight. The genetic factors of obesity account for 25%-40%. Who defines a body mass index equal to or greater than 25 as overweight; Obesity occurs when the body mass index is equal to or greater than 30. Obese people in the family should control their fat intake and exercise regularly.

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is four times higher in people with a family history. Therefore, people with a family history should be examined after the age of 50 to see if they have mental retardation.

High blood pressure. If both parents have high blood pressure, the probability of the child getting sick in the future is as high as 45%. It is suggested that people with family history should regularly monitor their blood pressure at least once a year; Reduce salt intake and eat more fruits and vegetables rich in potassium, such as bananas, walnuts and spinach; Control obesity; Quit smoking and limit alcohol.

Asthma. If both parents have asthma, the prevalence rate of their children can be as high as 60%. People with a family history of asthma should avoid inhaling allergic substances, respiratory viruses, bacterial infections and other environments that cause asthma.

Osteoporosis. A woman's skeletal condition is very similar to her mother's. If her mother suffers from osteoporosis, her children should increase their intake of calcium and vitamin D. In fact, osteoporosis is also a multifactorial disease, and age is an important risk factor. The older you get, the higher the prevalence of osteoporosis will be. Lifestyle, such as less exercise, less sunshine, lack of vitamin D, insufficient intake of calcium dairy products, smoking and drinking a lot of coffee are all risk factors for osteoporosis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid