What are the spirits of Anhui people?

what is the spirit of Huizhou merchants? Hu Shi once compared Huizhou merchants to "Huizhou camels", so some people summarized the spirit of Huizhou merchants as "camel spirit", which is of course correct. However, the spirit of Huizhou merchants is not only "camel spirit", but also has richer connotations.

first, the patriotic spirit of going to the country for emergency and national self-reliance. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the northern border was not safe, and the remnants of Mobei Mongolia invaded from time to time, so the Ming government had to station heavy troops along the northern border. In order to solve the problem of military grain, the government formulated the law of opening France, called on businessmen to transport grain to the border, and the government issued salt guides to support salt marketing in the mainland. This is an important policy to consolidate border defense and safeguard national security. Many Huizhou people traveled thousands of miles to transport grain to the border, which is how the early Huizhou merchants developed. Their ability to combine personal pursuit of profits with the urgent need to go to the country reflects a patriotic spirit. The patriotic spirit of Huizhou merchants was also highlighted in the anti-Japanese struggle in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. They either donated money to build cities and raise courage to fight against Japan. Or advise and lead the anti-Japanese war; Or abandon business and join the army and directly go deep into the battlefield to kill the enemy. In modern times, in order to resist foreign invasion, Huizhou merchants also donated money enthusiastically. All these reflect the patriotic spirit of Huizhou merchants.

the second is the indomitable enterprising spirit. The vast majority of Huizhou merchants started from small businesses. When they were poor, they changed their minds, worked hard, and resolutely went out of the mountains and traveled around the world. It can be said that Lingnan is in the north, and it is full of cold and heat. Jingxiang, wuyue, is in danger of frequent storms. This entrepreneurial spirit is really valuable. When there were twists and turns in their careers, many people collapsed and disappeared from the scene, while Huizhou merchants were indomitable. According to historical records, "the custom of emblem, one Jia is unfavorable to another Jia, another Jia is unfavorable to three Jia, and the three Jia are unfavorable."

the third is the competitive spirit of sizing up the situation and winning by surprise. Huizhou merchants are good at making use of the advantages and times, that is, adopting the best management mode according to market characteristics; Also be good at observing time changes, that is, adjust your own business projects on the basis of grasping market information; You can also guess the timing, that is, according to different economic conditions in different places, making various decisions according to local conditions can often win by surprise.

Fourth, the spirit of cooperation is to help others in the same boat. "Harmony" refers to the realm that should be achieved in dealing with interpersonal relationships. This spirit is not only manifested in a family or kin, but also in various business groups. Even within the whole Huizhou business group, we can help the people in the same boat, such as the establishment of Huizhou guild halls and trade offices all over the place, which highlights this spirit and greatly strengthens the cohesion within Huizhou business group.

fifth, the spirit of diligence and thrift, though rich and simple. When we open novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, we often see descriptions of Huizhou merchants. But in feudal literati's pen, Huizhou merchants were all misers. For example, Wu Mou, a Huizhou businessman in Hangzhou, was satirized in "Surprise in Three Carvings". "There are thousands of things at home", "I don't buy four Liang of meat" and "I just eat some porridge with clear soup but no rice". Even in the jokes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants were ridiculed. In Laughing Forest, the master of the Ming and Qing Dynasties wrote: "Huizhou people are stingy, and those who have guests in Suzhou make salt beans in bottles, but take them with chopsticks, and each meal is limited to a few grains. Or say,' Your son is a big man somewhere'. He was furious, poured a handful of beans into the bottle, accepted it, and shouted,' I've lost some possessions, too.' " In fact, this is the prejudice of feudal literati, which reflects the industrious spirit of Huizhou merchants although they are rich and simple. It is worth pointing out that Huizhou merchants can be thrifty, and Huizhou merchants' wives can be thrifty. The second volume of Kangxi's Huizhou Prefecture Records describes that they "lived in their hometown for several months without touching fish, and the sewing was broken every day ... If Huizhou merchants can accumulate, they will be covered by Ned."