What are Degang Guo's literary achievements and articles?

Both civil and military, including articles and big bodyguards.

Article meeting

Article club is a famous traditional cross talk. It is impossible to know when and by whom the cross talk of "Article Meeting" came into being. According to textual research, it is believed that it originated in the late Qing Dynasty. In the essay club, there are many references to China traditional culture. Performing this kind of cross talk shows the basic skills of the actors. Therefore, the Essay Club is often used to assess the performance level of a crosstalk performer. There is also a saying in the phonological circle that "Wen is afraid of literary society and Wu is afraid of guards". Some people think that Essay Club satirizes the eight-part essay, while some researchers think that Essay Club is not specially created to satirize the eight-part essay, but only the humor of the crosstalk actors.

history

In the history of phonology, a strict mentoring system has been implemented for a long time. Many traditional cross talk jokes are only passed on by word of mouth through teachers and apprentices, and a lot of information disappears in the process of circulation. Therefore, it is impossible to know exactly the creation age and author of the article club, and we can only conduct textual research according to the performance texts handed down from generation to generation. According to the earliest version known at present, it is believed that Wenhuahui should be written in Tongzhi or Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty. In this cross talk, there is a long speech (that is, a long coherent and rhythmic line), which involves eight famous people in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xiu, Zhao Mengfu, Wang Xizhi, Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Zhuge Liang and other historical figures. Therefore, some people think that this cross talk was not created by the cross talk actors living at the bottom, but by the sons of Manchu nobles who read a lot of books, and may have been entertained by some nobles from the beginning. At the beginning, the article will be the same as another famous cross talk joke "Bodyguard", and the article will be the padding story of this work, that is, the padding story told before the main story of cross talk begins. Later, in order to meet the needs of theater performances, the article will be split into two independent cross talk jokes.

Story background

In the performance of "Article Meeting", the actor plays an ignorant student, but constantly boasts about his profound knowledge of Chinese studies. The actor boasted that he graduated from a famous university and once took an eight-part essay exam for a famous person. Among hundreds of candidates, only he was praised by celebrities for his good writing and wonderful font. Actors boast that their writing style is comparable to that of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, their calligraphy is comparable to that of Wang Xizhi, and their knowledge is comparable to that of Kong Ming and even Confucius and Mencius. The comedian plays a skeptical audience and helps the comedian push the flattery to the extreme step by step. Later, the comedian asked the comedian to read the article in public, but in the end, the comedian read the drum book minor that was widely circulated among the people. The topic published by celebrities is generally a spring topic, the content of which is the folk minor "Visiting my sister in the first month", and the comedian answers the iron bucket "Wang Erjie Sifu". The vulgar folk tunes are in sharp contrast with the previous flattery, achieving a comedy effect.

version

As a traditional cross talk, Article Club has been circulated in the phonological circle for more than 100 years, mainly relying on oral teaching between teachers and apprentices, so it has formed many performance versions. In each version, the story context is basically the same, while the specific details have their own characteristics according to different times.

The differences between different versions are mainly reflected in three aspects, namely, the school where comedians graduated, the celebrities who comedians took exams, and the form of final burden.

In the earliest known version, the comedian is not a college student, but a juren who went to Beijing to take the exam. The celebrity who appeared in the cross talk was Weng Tonghe, the teacher and military affairs minister of Emperor Guangxu. Crosstalk ended with Weng Tonghe slapping the comedian in the face.

In later editions, Xiaoxing graduated from Peking University. The celebrities who took the exam included Kang Youwei, who led the Reform Movement of 1898, and Zhou Toad, an old artist in phonology. Crosstalk also ended with Kang Youwei slapping the comedian.

In later versions, the comedian graduated from Rotary University or Renhe University, which means that the comedian is actually a rickshaw puller. Helping the university is to hold the handlebar and pull the wheel, while the people and the university come from the people and yard where Xiangzi works in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi. The celebrity who took the exam was Xu Shuzheng, secretary general of the State Council of Beiyang government. The crosstalk ended with Xu Shuzheng hiring comedian as the government.

Another version is a metaphor for teasing actors to sell baked sweet potatoes, in which the primary school attached to the railway refers to schools near the railway. The "foreign examiner" at the bottom refers to cooking and baking outside the examination room, but it still implies that the comedian is selling baked sweet potatoes.

In addition, there are other versions in which Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, is the examiner, but no matter what version, the words that amuse the actors to flatter themselves, and the two folk songs "Exploring the Girl in the First Month" and "Sister Wang Sifu", which finally shake the burden, are basically fixed. By comparing the differences between these versions, we can read out the evolution process of the "article meeting" in different historical periods and dig out some information about the origin of this cross talk.

Les gorilles

Ma Zhiming and Huang Zumin are famous traditional crosstalk performers, and they are famous for their performances at present. The general content comes from Zhang Shouchen's "Gourd Dart", which tells the story of two brothers with high martial arts skills who make jokes because of their poor martial arts when they are bodyguards.