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How to Create Poems for Primary School Children
Keywords:: the current situation of children's poetry in lower grades and standardized strategies
Looking through the current Chinese textbooks for primary schools, the author finds that a considerable number of children's songs and poems have been added to the Chinese textbooks. Children's poetry is lively, simple and clear, full of childlike innocence, and it is a literary genre that children like very much. However, in the actual teaching, the author once fell into the strange circle of "rational analysis, boring reading memory, indoctrination". Especially for children's poetry teaching in lower grades, there is nothing to be done. I always find these poems easy to understand when I read them. In addition to monotonous and boring reading, I still read, and there is no specific norm to operate. So I often wonder: Are other Chinese teachers as confused as I am about children's poetry teaching in lower grades? The following are some current situations and corresponding countermeasures investigated by the author.
First, emotion: lost in "emotion"
Poetry is the most emotional art form. It can be said that the life and soul of poetry is emotion. Therefore, the emotional experience is the first in poetry teaching. However, some teachers think that children's poems in junior high school textbooks are just a few words, which are clear at a glance and there is nothing to teach. When teaching, students only need to know a few words and read a few lines of poetry. As for the emotion contained in the poem, I can't say it for a while, and it's useless to say it. Let's wait until our senior year for emotional experience! Up to now, some teachers are still teaching step by step according to the five procedures of "introducing new lessons-memorizing new words-reading the text-reciting the text-guiding writing".
Although children's poems are only a few short lines, they are full of endless emotions, gratitude, sympathy, love and pity. For example, a lilac flower expresses the deep affection between teachers and students, the celebration expresses the deep love for the motherland, and two eggs reflect the cherish of life. In case, people will realize the feelings of caring for others and caring for the environment. This emotional river never stops from the beginning of the poem to the end of the sentence. This makes teachers in the teaching of children's poetry, from the beginning of teaching, must use different means, constantly passion, love, love, through between the lines, understand the rich emotions behind the words, so as to obtain a preliminary emotional experience. For example, a teacher teaches two birds' eggs:
[Fragment 1] Appreciate birds and love them.
1. The teacher showed beautiful pictures of various birds with courseware and asked: Do you like birds, children? In this vibrant nature, the world of birds is really colorful and interesting. Whether it is land, sea, mountains, valleys, towns and dense forests, there are birds everywhere. According to the estimation of British ornithologist Hill, there are about 8,700 species and 654.38 billion birds, which is really a prosperous family.
2. Students take out their own pictures and communicate in groups. They can talk about what birds they like or tell stories about birds they know. After the exchange, let the students hang the pictures on the blackboard and make a "Qi Huan with a Hundred Birds".
[Paragraph 2] Read the body odor carefully and feel the love of birds.
1. Read the first part of body odor carefully.
(1) Free reading, exchange ideas after reading.
(2) Take out the eggs and let the students touch them, and feel how cute and refreshing the eggs are.
(3) the feeling of reading love birds' eggs.
2. Read the second part of body odor carefully.
How can two eggs be two lives?
(2) Exchange views, and the camera guides students to express: a bird's egg is a life, a bird; Two eggs are two lives and two birds.
(3) The courseware demonstrates the process of bird hatching, and once again deeply feels that "two eggs are two lives".
(4) Instruct reading aloud: "Two eggs are two lives."
(5) Imagine talking: the eggs are gone. What if you are a mother? Understanding "anxiety"
(6) Introduction: After eating, the mother bird can't swallow a bite. At this moment, she must be-(born) anxious.
Sleep, mother bird tossed and turned and couldn't sleep. Now she must be-(born) anxious.
An analysis of the relationship between a word and a sentence
The emotion of children's poetry is hidden behind the words. Students can only feel and experience through dialogue with the text. In the second part, when teaching "small, cool" bird eggs, the students showed real bird eggs, let them touch them, and really felt the cuteness of small, cool bird eggs, so the students felt particularly good when reading sentences, and naturally fell in love with birds. Segment 2, "Two eggs are two birds. The mother bird must be in a hurry at the moment!" Grasp the key word "anxiety" and guide the students to imagine: "Mother bird must be very anxious if she can't find her eggs. What will happen if she eats it? Introduction: Mother Bird must be-(living) anxious at the moment. What happens to mother bird when she sleeps? Introduction: Mother Bird must be-(living) anxious at the moment. Let students plug in the wings of imagination, generate unique and rich feelings in positive thinking and emotional activities and in repeated reading over and over again, and arouse emotions.
Analyzing two people's words and deeds always contains feelings.
To understand the deep feeling behind the text, it is necessary to integrate the feelings of students with those of the author. In order to integrate the two emotions, teachers must carefully design and create an emotional field for students, that is, a classroom environment that can infect students' emotional experience and then generate some kind of learning motivation, so that students can enter the learning role as soon as possible and participate in and complete the learning task with full enthusiasm.
1. Passion when importing: In the first episode above, the teacher cut in with colorful bird pictures, which caught the students' attention and aroused their interest. Through the exchange of pictures, let the students know that the world of birds is so colorful and interesting in this vibrant nature. Give students a strong emotional impact, so as to really like these lovely birds. The emotional gate of students has undoubtedly been vented in the sinkhole at the moment.
2. Get together at the climax: When students' true feelings flow in the classroom, teachers should take the opportunity to add fuel to the fire, help the situation from the beginning, set off the situation, accumulate in time, and set off the climax of classroom teaching. In this class, the students are interested in understanding the "anxiety" of mother bird. Let the students walk into the text, into the picture and give full play to their imagination: how anxious and worried the mother bird is without her eggs. The students talk about it in connection with their own personal experience, Kan Kan. "If you are near the scene, if you see its shape, if you hear its voice," the love for birds and life will become stronger and deeper, accumulate in your heart, and condense into that true and touching word. And all this is a natural expression of emotions flowing from the child's heart.
3. Reveal feelings at the end: After poetry teaching, students seem to be full of feelings and enthusiasm. Teachers follow the trend and guide development. I didn't leave immediately when I gently put the egg into the nest. Look at page 40 of the Chinese book. What do you think when my hands are folded? Group discussion, collective communication. Some students said, "I said to mother bird, I'm sorry, I sent your child back." Some said, "Mother Bird, you should hatch the bird quickly so that it can fly freely." Some said, "I was fascinated by thinking, as if I heard birds singing." I quickly looked up and turned my eyes to the high blue sky. " In the high blue sky, I seem to see birds flying and singing in the blue sky.
In this way, students' feelings are stimulated when they are introduced, reach a climax when they flow, and finally flow continuously. The emotional experience gained from them is real and will be unforgettable.
Second, the artistic conception: empty "white"
Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The author began to feel intimate when he was in Rome." The creation of children's poetry also comes from life. At this time, the author's feelings aroused by this scene are merged into several simple poems, and his thinking often leaps greatly, leaving more gaps and a broad imagination space for readers, but readers can only realize it when they enter the environment. These characteristics are worthy of our teachers' serious thinking and real grasp, otherwise it is easy to fall into a strange circle of simplification when dealing with them. In addition, junior students can only speak words and read sentences, which is difficult to grasp as a whole.
The following is a recording clip of a teacher trying to teach Xiaoliu to wake up:
1. Little willow is awake. With whose help did she wake up? Wrote on the blackboard (spring thunder);
2. After Xiaoliu wakes up, who will help her to take a bath and comb her hair? Random blackboard writing (spring rain, spring breeze).
Who plays with Xiaoliu after bathing and combing your hair? Random blackboard writing (Chun Yan, children).
4. So, what mood do you think Xiaoliu is in now? Can you read it?
Obviously, in this kind of poetry teaching, students have no interest in learning, and the artistic conception and interest of poetry are out of the question, so students can only wander outside the poem. The poem Liu Xing is so poetic that it exudes the fresh breath of spring everywhere. Spring thunder talks with willow, spring rain bathes willow, spring breeze combs willow's hair, Chun Yan plays hide and seek with willow, and children play with willow ... So, willow wakes up, willow branches are soft, willow tips are green, willow leaves ... The whole poem is catchy and beautiful, but what does the above teaching bring to children? Just an empty shell.
It is also a good choice to use "fill in the blank" to help students enter the artistic conception of poetry smoothly, which requires teachers to be good at capturing the blank in poetry and spreading it out layer by layer, so as to build a ladder for students to enter the realm, so that students can gain experience while entering the text, walk in the poetic realm and appreciate the unique charm of poetry.
1. Fill in the blanks in the text
The design of the second teaching of "the willow is awake";
(1) Read the text by yourself and see who woke the willow. After reading the article, students can quickly find that spring thunder, spring rain, spring breeze and Chun Yan have awakened the willows.
(2) Then tell the students: If you are spring thunder, spring rain, spring breeze or Chun Yan, how will you awaken the willow tree? Who do you like to play with? Please read the paragraph you want to play carefully first, and then perform in the group after reading it.
So the students began to read the text with great interest. In a short time, the students raised their hands and showed them on stage. The students are very vivid when they perform. Have a plenty of grandfather, ray said gruffly: "Xiao Liu, wake up, spring is coming!" " "Have a plenty of little willow branches dancing, have a plenty of Chun Yan, telling little willow the joy of flying in spring! Talking and dancing, the children's hearts have already moved. At this time, the classroom is full of poetry and painting.
Fill in the blanks with pictures
Poetry itself is a vivid and fascinating picture scroll. It is very good for students to draw a picture when teaching, so that they can do as the Romans do. For example, the design of the last link in the teaching of Liu Xing:
Teacher: "Tell me, what else is there when you wake up in spring?" The answers at that time were varied and colorful.
Health 1: The grass is awake.
Health 2: Xiaohua woke up.
Health 3: Frogs and snakes wake up.
Health 4: To sum up briefly: Animals and plants are awake!
Another lovely child said, "In winter, the river sleeps stiffly, and when spring comes, the water wakes up." The water is awake ",isn't that a poem? Isn't it the beautiful innocence of a child?
Teacher: So, can you draw a picture of spring when you wake up?
This is even more lively. Children painted colorful "spring" with colorful colors, such as "Swallow" in Xiao Xin, "Willow" in Xiaoyang's beautiful image, and "Stream" flowing in Xiao Xuan ... I can't help admiring the imagination and creativity of these children. Among them, Yu Wei's paintings are the most attractive. There is a huge green sun on his drawing paper. I look around, most children are red sun. Why did little Yu Wei paint himself green? I asked Yu Wei. He said shyly, "Spring looks green. I think if the sun is green in spring, more grass will turn green. " -What a great idea! What a nice painting?
Third, language: light but refined "color"
Poetry pays attention to the language of cherishing words like gold, and children's poetry is concise, which makes vocabulary teaching, as one of the key points of junior high school Chinese class, seem to be shelved and unable to find a fulcrum. Therefore, some teachers believe that the mission of junior middle school Chinese class is not only to let students understand the human nature that they may not understand despite their efforts, but more importantly, to guide students to firmly grasp several language phenomena and their laws (that is, instrumental) that everyone can master through their efforts, and then analyze, compare and train them. An example of a teacher teaching four seasons:
Show me: the ears of grain bend, and he says, "I am autumn."
The ears of grain bent, and he bowed and said, "I am autumn."
(1) Read and talk about the differences between these two sentences.
(2) What does "bow" mean?
(3) Why do ears of grain bow?
(4) Which of these two sentences do you think is better? Why?
(5) Is there such a sentence in the text? Find it and read it.
(6) Summary: Write sentences in this specific way in the future.
It is indeed important to guide students to use texts to accumulate language, train their sense of language and cultivate their practical application ability in listening, speaking, reading and writing, but it is also inappropriate to emphasize the instrumentality of Chinese unilaterally. Especially for children's poems of lower grades with beautiful artistic conception and full of interest, if the poetic language is carefully cut and dismembered, only words and sentence patterns are circled, and a pure language education activity is carried out, while the expressive characteristics of poetry are ignored, which means consistency, flesh and blood blending, ups and downs and agility, which can only reduce the interest of poetry teaching and only kill students' personality and gas field. The pictures depicted in children's poetry and the artistic conception created mainly rely on the overall sentiment, so that students can enjoy reading, thinking, performing and speaking, feel the beauty of language, use various means to deepen their emotional experience of poetry, put a pair of imaginative wings on students, let children's thinking fly, and let them soar in the sky of literature and roam in infinite space-
For example, in the second trial teaching of Four Seasons, the teacher made the following design:
Shi: "The ears of grain bend, and he bows and says," I am Qiu. "
The teacher pretended to be surprised and asked, "Why do ears of grain bow like people?" ?
Health: Because the ears of grain are ripe.
Teacher: How clever! I know that Gu Sui bowed because he was mature. Where are the other students?
Health: I think the ears of grain are dancing.
Teacher: Your imagination is really rich. Are there different answers?
Health: Naughty wind is playing games with Gu Sui!
Teacher: Yes, any other ideas?
Health: He is bowing to the earth to express his gratitude.
Health: I think he is meditating and recalling the story of spring.
Health: Maybe he is waiting, waiting for the farmer's uncle to harvest!
Teacher: At this moment, what does Xiao Gu Sui seem to be saying?
Health: "I am mature, how great I am."
Health: "Look how fat I am. I was so heavy that I bent down.
Health: "we are mature, take us home;"
Teacher: "Yes, everyone is happy for the harvest. Let's read it happily, shall we? "
Therefore, in the poetry teaching of junior children, we should abandon the teaching procedure of "sentence interpretation and word analysis" and standardize our teaching by refining several points to achieve our teaching purpose.
1. Sing the reading points.
Poetry and music have been interdependent sister arts since ancient times. Many excellent children's poems combine the beauty of form, sound, rhythm and color, and have a strong sense of music and rhythm. In the process of learning poetry, students can feel the beauty of images, colors and music expressed by words and sentences in poetry if they can arouse the enthusiasm of all senses, recite them repeatedly and deepen their understanding of poetry imperceptibly. And through this feeling, improve students' direct, accurate and keen perception of language and writing. Reading poetry can also be "dancing" like the ancients. Many children's poems are songs that you won't get tired of singing for a long time, such as Boat and Happy Festival. You can feel the beauty of poetry in the rhythm and get a unique poetic enjoyment.
Step 2 imagine entering
Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "When reading poetry, you should not only open your eyes to see the words, but also open your eyes to see the pictures caused by the words in your imagination." Teacher Qian Zhengquan said: "The basic way to guide students into the poetic realm is not to blindly seek the information meaning of poetry, but to let students imagine the pictures in poetry while reading. Readers must enter the artistic conception of poetry and use their imagination to understand poetry. " Therefore, teachers should consciously guide students to spread their imagination wings and feel poetry in teaching.
Reading link point
Students have accumulated a certain amount of reading. In poetry teaching, it can also arouse students' memory and experience of previous poetry reading and guide them to make open associations and links. Links can be made in various ways, such as Chinese and foreign poems with the same topic, poems by the same author, etc. So as to deepen the understanding and experience of poetry through comparison. If you study the four seasons, you can expand your reading of poetry, such as the footsteps of the four seasons, where is the spring and the spring breeze.
4. Writing development point
In the process of reading, speaking and understanding poetry again and again, students' poetic sense is gradually stimulated and their poetic heart is gradually touched. In this poetic atmosphere, students not only feel the impulse to create poetry. Even children in lower grades are no exception. Their poetry creation may still be in the stage of imitation, but it should be actively encouraged. For example, the children's poem Four Seasons is a model suitable for students to imitate writing. After feeling the beauty of the four seasons, the teacher lost no time to guide the students to imitate poetry, lead the children to approach children's poetry, like children's poetry and learn to write children's poetry.
1. Teacher: Do you know what spring (summer, autumn and winter) is coming?
Guide students to open their hearts and say what they usually see and think.
Teacher: The teacher has many pictures in his hand. Everyone takes one. Please discuss it with your deskmate. What season do you think the photo in his hand is? Students communicate and discuss in groups, and the teacher gives timely guidance.
Teacher: Can you tell the pictures in your hand according to the text? The teacher gives an example and then calls the students to say it. (Show courseware)
4. _ _ _ _ _ _ will say to the bird, "I am spring."
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ will say to the frog, "I am summer."
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ will say to _ _ _ _, "I am autumn."
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ will say to _ _ _, "I am in winter."
5. Map games.
Teacher: If you speak well, you will be rewarded for putting pictures on the blackboard.
Students map freely, forming colorful four seasons.
Poetry, poetry and poetry heart are hidden in everyone's heart. The goal of our teaching is not to train many poets, but to make them love and read poetry. In our classroom, we should give children a cultural atmosphere, so that our teaching will be covered with a layer of cultural color and poetic brilliance. "
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