What are the requirements for being a surgeon?

The predecessor of modern surgeons is really not a proud or even shameful profession. In the west, the surgeon was originally a barber, a veritable "barber". In the early days, he actually only treated superficial carbuncle, furuncle, lump or superficial knife wound, knife wound, or tooth extraction. , the risk is not great. Compared with physicians, barber surgeons need to think much less and can solve much simpler pains, so they have social status. 1750 draws a cartoon depicting a group of monkeys-like hairdressers and surgeons, who are busy bleeding, pulling teeth and cutting their hair. Why do hairdressers work part-time? The reasons for it were not known Maybe it's because the barber's knife is sharper, or the barber's hands are more skilled. !

Surgical techniques, like cosmetic techniques, are handed down from generation to generation by the master with his disciples. The academic education model began in Paris in the13rd century. At that time, the education was divided into several levels: the highest level was a doctor with a university degree, followed by a surgeon with a robe degree, and the third level was a barber with a short robe-a surgeon. At this time, the status of surgeons has been greatly improved, and specialized surgeons have appeared. Even so, their status is still worse than that of physicians, which shows the disparity between early physicians and surgeons.

In ancient China, traditional medicine in China was mainly herbal medicine, and almost all doctors were physicians or pharmacists. The status of doctors is not high, and there are no specialized surgeons at all, so the emergence of surgery in China is actually only about 100 years.

There is a joke that can illustrate the position and function of ancient surgery: in ancient times, a man was shot by an arrow and went to see a doctor. The doctor picked up scissors to cut off the exposed shaft and said, "All right." The injured man was puzzled and angry: "I'll treat the injury." You just twisted the shaft outside and didn't solve the fundamental problem! " The doctor explained, "I am a surgeon, so I only treat external diseases." . "The patient and his family are in distress situation.

The early "surgeons" were just craftsmen and didn't need to think too much. They can only solve some superficial injuries and pains. At that time, the development of internal medicine had reached a considerable level, the diagnosis and judgment of diseases had been carefully thought and analyzed, and the treatment followed very strict behavioral logic, which could treat many serious diseases and even some serious infectious diseases. The medical level of "surgeons" is still limited to the simple labor of hands.

With the emergence and development of modern medicine, especially anatomy, the status and role of surgeons are gradually improved and strengthened, and careful thinking logic and behavior logic are also needed. However, the shadow of early craftsmanship has not disappeared, but has been strengthened, emphasizing the accuracy and meticulousness of surgical skills. The surgeon's diagnosis and judgment (mental thinking) of the disease has a very direct relationship with the real situation of the disease, which can often be confirmed immediately. Wrong is wrong, right is right, so the requirements for surgeons are higher, requiring surgeons to have a high degree of coordination and cooperation with their hands and hearts.

2, the surgeon's hand

In surgical treatment, hand technology plays a very important role, so surgeons are required to have very fine hands. Choosing to train a pianist requires a lot of hands, which must be slender with ten fingers (at least 8 syllables), flexible and elastic, and emphasize the feeling of hands on the keyboard and the strength of hitting. A surgeon's hand should also be like a pianist's hand. For a surgeon, especially a doctor who performs minor surgery, the hand is more delicate. Therefore, western surgeons have a saying that surgeons should have "a lion's heart, an eagle's eye and a woman's hand". Asking the surgeon's hand to take the woman's hand as a reference is to take advantage of the slender and dexterous hand of the woman.

Slim hands have great advantages in surgery, especially the trend of minimally invasive surgery is getting stronger and stronger, and the surgical incision is developing towards miniaturization. Slender hands are easy to explore and operate.

However, from the clinical point of view, many surgeons' hands are not slender, even thick, but the operation is very delicate and beautiful, which is not just the shape of their hands. The shape of hands is innate. Not every doctor can have slender hands, but doctors should emphasize dexterity, which is more acquired training besides congenital factors. Surgeons should consciously train the dexterity and sensitivity of their hands in long-term clinical work, and many hospitals and medical schools also attach importance to the training of doctors' hands.

The development of modern surgery is inseparable from the development of anesthesiology. The emergence of modern anesthetic drugs and monitoring instruments makes the operation safer. Before using anesthetic, the doctor performed the operation, which was not detailed at all, and only emphasized the speed. The scene at that time can be said to be extremely barbaric. The patient was forcibly held down by several strong men or fixed with metal instruments. Surgeons and operations have brought people intense fear and pain. People use herbs, ice, etc. In order to "anesthetize", some people even knock the patient unconscious before performing surgery. The most common use is to make patients drink a lot of hard liquor. It is said that in ancient China, Mafeisan used by Hua Tuo was the earliest anesthetic. With the invention and use of modern anesthetics, surgeons can operate calmly, and then gradually formed the basic principles of caring for tissues, being meticulous, being meticulous, using silk thread and dissecting and separating. Easy operation doesn't mean that we don't pay attention to speed. The patient is under anesthesia for a long time, which seriously interferes with the patient's internal environment. Therefore, skilled surgical skills are the basic requirements for surgeons. Generally speaking, as long as you follow the basic rules of operation, don't blindly operate and repeat actions. Every movement doesn't seem urgent, but it still gives people a smooth and pleasant feeling on the whole. Any skilled skills are inseparable from hard training, and only through repeated training can we reach a superb level.

There are actors and models abroad who buy insurance for their hands. Although no doctor buys insurance for hands, the value of surgeons' hands is not worse than that of actors and models. Because the surgeon's hand is very important, it is necessary for the surgeon to buy insurance for his own hand. I believe that with the development of the insurance industry and the improvement of doctors' insurance awareness, doctors will definitely buy insurance for their hands.

3. The surgeon's heart

A surgeon should have a brave heart, that is, he should have the qualities of perseverance and calmness. No matter what happens, he should be orderly, calm, persistent and persevering. Of course, surgeons should also be sympathetic to patients.

Because the diagnosis of surgical diseases is much more intuitive than internal diseases, and the diagnosis is faster and more accurate than internal diseases, pathological diagnosis should be the gold standard of diagnosis at present, and most surgical cases need pathological diagnosis, which requires surgeons to have more keen thinking and judgment.

Thinking can also be trained. In fact, the study of medical students is the beginning of training thinking. A solid theoretical foundation is essential for any doctor, but it is not enough to just memorize textbook knowledge. In learning, we should keep thinking, keep in touch, connect various courses in series, and learn to explain the same problem from different aspects. After becoming a real doctor, it is also a necessary measure and process of thinking training to integrate anatomy, physiology, pathology, biochemistry, pharmacology and other disciplines in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and make comprehensive judgment and comprehensive treatment from all aspects.

Doctors are a profession dealing with people, and they must learn to handle the doctor-patient relationship well. To handle this relationship well, we should understand a series of disciplines related to clinical medicine, such as medical psychology, medical ethics, medical history and philosophy, and even understand folk customs. Nowadays, due to various reasons, the relationship between doctors and patients can be said to be below freezing point, and people's legal awareness is also rapidly improving, and doctors often encounter legal problems. Therefore, doctors must fully understand the relevant legal knowledge, keep legal awareness at all times, and try to avoid being passive and embarrassed in clinical work. All this requires "heart", because the professional risk of surgeons is greater, so it is more necessary to cover everything and try to cover everything.

Statistics show that the average life expectancy of doctors is shorter than that of social groups by more than ten years, which shows that doctors are under great occupational pressure. Does this prove the doctor's "consideration" on the other hand?

4, the surgeon's heart-hand coordination

Heart is the master of hand, and hand is the tentacle of heart. The so-called "ten fingers connected", the heart and hands are actually one. Surgeons' induction, synthesis and judgment of illness are based on the work of hands, and the operation of hands must be guided by careful thinking, especially in surgery. As mentioned above, the training of thinking should start from the basic subjects. During the operation, doctors should develop keen professional habits. There is always an invisible human body in the brain, which can be changed at any time as needed, from anatomical human body to pathological human body to physiological or biochemical human body. Only in this way can the doctor grasp the rhythm and depth of the operation with his hands, and the information fed back by his hands can adjust his brain's thinking at any time.

A good surgeon must coordinate his heart and hands to alleviate the pain of the patient.

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