What are the names, times and places of the two atomic bombs dropped by the United States on Japan?

Category: culture/art >> Historical topics

Analysis:

Two atomic bombs were dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, called the little boy and the fat man respectively.

"Mushroom Cloud" over Hiroshima

On August 1 day, 509 Huncheng Brigade conducted its last exercise. On August 2nd, the 2nd Air Force Command issued an operational order, confirming that seven Japanese B-29s would be bombed by atomic bombs in the early morning of August 6th. The specific bombing target depends on the weather conditions of the day. And stipulated that the radio call sign of this operation was "dimple -82".

Of the seven planes involved in the bombing, 1 was an atomic bomb carrier, which was piloted by captain Tibbets himself. He ordered two soldiers to write his mother's name-"Ainola Guy" on their noses. Two planes are responsible for the observation of bombing effect and three planes are responsible for direct meteorological observation. In addition, there is 1 aircraft as a reserve team, staying at Iojima airport and ready to replace the faulty aircraft at any time. The 20th Air Force is engaged in air cover.

On the afternoon of August 5, the atomic bomb was ready. Technicians fixed a small piece of uranium in the shell, then put the 4.5-ton "little boy" into the trench that had already been dug, then opened the belly door of the fuselage and lifted it up and fixed it firmly in the engine room.

In the evening, Tibbets had dinner. As usual, he wanted to sleep before boarding the plane. But he couldn't sleep that day anyway, and he didn't feel sleepy watching other crew members. They just played poker to ease the tension before the war.

On the morning of August 6th 1, Tibbets and his crew arrived at the airport by bus, and began the last comprehensive inspection of the plane before taking off. At this time, three planes serving as weather observers have taken off. At 2: 27 in the morning, Tibbets ordered the plane to start and called the tower: "Swirl -82, call the tower of Beitianning Airport. The preparations are ready. Please give the take-off order." The control tower replied, "Vortex -82, the control tower of Beitianning Airport ordered us to take off eastward along runway A."

At 2: 45, Tibbets announced to the crew: "Attention, everyone, take off now." He pushed down all the throttles and the plane began to slide along the smooth runway. Everyone is nervous. Tibbets stared at the speed indicator, because the plane was heavily overloaded, taxiing was extremely difficult. When the plane taxied to the middle of the runway, the speed was still very slow. Tibbets made a risky decision and continued to slide along the runway until he reached the required speed before takeoff. The taxiing distance has exceeded 4/5 of the runway length, and the aircraft speed still does not meet the requirements. The crew looked at each other.

"danger! Pull the plane up! " Louis, the co-pilot, couldn't help shouting.

Tibbets quietly, just as the earth was about to disappear, and it was already a piece of Wang Yang, he pulled the plane up. Tibbets was relieved. He didn't expect this task to be like a gamble from the beginning, a gamble with 12 lives and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of "little boys".

"Ainola Guy" slowly flew eastward and began to enter the scheduled route. Tibbets felt relaxed. He habitually put his left hand into his pocket and accidentally touched the cyanide capsule inside. The boss gave it to him before boarding the plane. He doesn't need the boss to say more. This is what they use when something happens. This little thing can protect them from the pain of flesh and blood, and at the same time keep the secret of the atomic bomb. He pulled out his hand and put it in his pocket, feeling a little nervous again. He can't imagine what will happen if the operation fails.

At 3 o'clock in the morning, "Ainola Guy" has risen to a height of 5,000 feet. Colonel Parsons, the new sailor, came behind Tibbets, patted him on the shoulder and said, "Let's go." Tibbets nodded.

Parsons came to the bomb bay with his assistant, Captain Jason. He took out 1 from his pocket and there was a list of 165438+. jepson handed him the tools one by one. It's like surgery on an airplane. 15 at three o'clock, Parsons began to fill the "little boy" with explosives and connect the detonator. Then he installed armored steel plates and tailboards. But he left an important circuit that was deliberately disconnected. To be on the safe side, he intends to leave the work until he throws it away.

Tibbets handed the joystick to the co-pilot to see the back of the plane. When he came to the bomb bay, Parsons told him that the preparations had been completed. Then he climbed to the gun position at the rear of the plane. Tail gunners Bob and Karen pulled him and whispered, "Hey, Colonel, are we going to drop an atomic bomb today?" This is the first time Karen asked him for a "secret".

"Maybe, Bob." Tibbets say that finish, two people just smiled.

Time is passing, and with the shortening of the distance from the Japanese sky, the flying height of "Ainola Guy" is rising. At 7: 20, the altitude has reached 30,000 feet, so that it can be protected from Japanese anti-aircraft fire. At 7: 35, the plane received important information from the "Strait Froussis" reconnaissance plane that went to Hiroshima for reconnaissance: the visibility over Hiroshima was good, the cloud coverage rate was less than 30%, the enemy fighters were not intercepted during reconnaissance, and the anti-aircraft gun firepower was very weak. It is suggested that Hiroshima be given priority. Later, the planes that went to Kokura and Nagasaki for reconnaissance also sent back weather reports one after another: the weather above the target was in good condition and could be airdropped.

Tibbets thought for a moment and decided to bomb Hiroshima. And sent a telegram back to the base: decided to bomb 1 target.

It was a sweltering day in Hiroshima, and people who got up early were already busy. At 7: 20, an alarm sounded over the city. Several American planes flew over Hiroshima, circled once and left in a hurry. About half an hour later, the alarm sounded again, and "Ainola Guy" and two planes for observation approached Hiroshima. Hiroshima citizens seem to be indifferent to this kind of accustomed air raid warning, so few people enter the air raid shelter to hide. Some of them are at work, some are on the road, some are staying at home, and some are still looking up at the distant planes in the street, thinking that these three planes will "patrol" once and leave.

At this time, Tibbets on the plane has solemnly announced to the crew in the microphone: "We are going to bomb Hiroshima, and the recording equipment on board has been turned on. This is a historical record. Please pay attention to your language. "

Parsons, who had been waiting in the bomb warehouse, immediately unscrewed a green screw from the atomic bomb and then skillfully screwed on an almost identical metal screw. Finally, the circuit is connected, and the atomic bomb has entered the throwing state. He immediately reported to Tibbets, and Tibbets said slowly into the microphone, "We are about to drop the 1 atomic bomb on the world."

Several people are the first to hear the daunting word "atomic bomb", and they are a little breathless with excitement. At 8: 00, 10, two observation planes have slowed down and fallen behind, and a clear city outline appears below the planes. "Take your positions, prepare to drop bombs and put on goggles," Tibbets ordered.

Major Fiabi, the bomber, sat in the bombing chair, rubbed his beautiful moustache against the sight, pressed his left eye on the sight and began to look for the target. He has repeatedly studied every detail in the target reconnaissance photos, and he is very familiar with the ground scenery. He quickly found the target point-Xiangsheng Bridge. He asked Tibbets to slightly adjust the flight direction, and the target point quickly approached the intersection of the sight. "aiming!" He reported that. "Throw it!" At 8 o'clock (15), with Tibbets's command, the bomb hatch automatically opened, and Fiabi clearly saw the atomic bomb falling from the sight and the warhead pointing at the target.

Due to sudden weightlessness, the plane suddenly jumped up. Tibbets made a 60-degree dive and160 turn, and then steered the plane to accelerate. The atomic bomb will explode at 8 o'clock, 15: 43.

Jepson starts the countdown and stops at 43. He said to himself, "Is it a dud?"

Just then, a dazzling white light lit up the whole plane, and Karen, the machine gunner at the tail, saw a huge round fireball rising into the sky and expanding rapidly. "Look out!" He shouted out a warning. After saying his word, the huge shock wave mixed with the explosion made the plane tremble violently, and Tibbets felt as if he had been hit by a German 88mm anti-aircraft gun. Then there was another violent vibration. "Well, it won't happen again. This time it is a reflected wave. " Parsons explained to everyone.

As Hiroshima faded away, Karen began to perform his eloquence on the tape recorder: "The ball rose in the air, a huge column of smoke rose below, and the mushroom cloud mentioned by Colonel Parsons appeared ... the center of Hiroshima was in flames, and everything was red ..."

Tibbets began to report to the base: hit the target, according to our observation, the effect is good. After dropping the bomb, the plane is all right and is now returning to the base. "Ainola Gay" returned to Tianning Island at 2: 08 pm, with a flight time of nearly 12 hours and a flight distance of 5 120 kilometers.

In fact, the "little boy" did not directly hit the Xiangsheng Bridge, but exploded over the surgical hospital 100 meters east of the bridge. All the facilities and personnel of the surgical hospital in the explosion center were reduced to ashes. 12 square kilometers of downtown buildings were all destroyed, and the house destruction rate in the city exceeded 70%. Regarding the death toll, the figures released by Japan and the United States are quite different. According to Japanese official statistics, the number of dead and missing people reached 7 1379, and the number of injured people was nearly 654.38+10,000.

Nagasaki was robbed by mistake.

16 after the atomic bomb bombed Hiroshima, President Truman issued a statement to the world, claiming that the United States used an atomic bomb against Japan, and its explosive power was equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT. If Japan still refuses to accept the terms of the United States, an unprecedented destructive flood will fall from the sky, and a devastating blow that has never been seen on earth will come to Japan. The next day, all major cities in Japan saw the letter to the Japanese people printed with Truman's speech dropped by American planes.

The destruction of Hiroshima brought great shock to the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Several cabinet members headed by Dongxiang Foreign Minister suggested that Japan stop the war and accept the Potsdam Proclamation. However, this opinion was strongly opposed by the Japanese military, who believed that the morale of the Japanese army was high and the million-strong army was high. Even if * * * declares a truce, they may refuse to surrender. The two factions are at loggerheads

Just as the Japanese cabinet met again and again to debate whether to stop fighting, the United States was ready to drop the second atomic bomb. The United States * * * is worried that the atomic bombing in Hiroshima will arouse Japanese resistance, and at the same time, it is afraid that the bombing will be regarded as at the end of its tether, so it decided to use "fat man". The target is a small warehouse.

The second airdrop mission fell on the sweeney crew of the 509 HunChengLv. Sweeney once led his crew to fly an "art master" observation plane to observe the bombing effect in the Hiroshima bombing. As the "Master of Art" still retains scientific instruments, it will be used as an observation machine again. Sweeney had to use another 1 B-29 plane-"Bok's Car" as the carrier of the atomic bomb. At 3: 39 in the morning of August 9, the "Bok Car" carrying "Fat Man" took off from Tianning Airport and flew to Japan. Sweeney prayed again and again, hoping to be as lucky as paul tibbets.

However, things are not going well. Shortly after the plane took off, it was found that one of the fuel tanks was out of order, and 600 gallons of fuel might be unusable. Sweeney roughly estimated the voyage, thought that the fuel was basically enough, and decided to continue flying.

When "Bok's car" flew to the air assembly point in Iwo Jima, two other observation and camera planes that took off early should have been waiting to meet him there, but he only met 1 of them. Sweeney waited there for 30 minutes, but there was still no sign of other 1, so he resolutely flew to Kokura. At 9: 05, Bok's car flew over the small warehouse. On this day, the meteorological conditions over the warehouse were very poor, the air was covered with thick clouds, and the ground was also filled with smoke, with extremely low visibility. "Bok's car" hovered over the small warehouse for three weeks, but never found the aiming point-Arsenal 5. At this time, Kokura's ground air defense forces fired intensive anti-aircraft guns, and sweeney had to raise the flying altitude.

When sweeney decided to search for the target again over Kokura, he received a report from the radio operator: judging from the interception frequency used by Japanese interception aviation, there might be a fighter plane taking off to intercept. There was panic on the plane. Sweeney didn't have time to contact the base, so he turned around and flew to the southwest. He decided to bomb Nagasaki. After leaving the warehouse, he ordered to send a message to the base: instead of dropping bombs on the warehouse, he bombed Nagasaki. 10: 28, the plane arrived over Nagasaki. It happened that Nagasaki was cloudy that day, and the 1 flight failed to find the target when it entered Nagasaki. The pointer of the fuel gauge is dropping sharply, and sweeney is extremely nervous. He decided to throw the "fat man" out anyway when he entered the second time, so he announced to the crew on board: "aim with radar, prepare for bombing, and return."

Bomber Cmit Bihan is as old as Fiabi. When he was ready to aim with radar equipment, he suddenly found a big gap between the two clouds below him. Through this gap, he could clearly see the aiming point. He immediately informed sweeney that he could carry out visual bombing. 10: 58, "Fat Man" left "Bok Car" and flew to Nagasaki.

After the bombing, the fuel of Bok car was seriously insufficient, and it had to be replenished at crash landing in Okinawa on the way back. After a 20-hour flight, Bok Car returned to Tianning Island very late. The explosion equivalent of "Fat Man" is larger than that of "Little Boy", but Nagasaki is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the loss is smaller than that of Hiroshima. According to Japanese statistics, nearly 70,000 people died and more than 60,000 people were injured.

Under the pressure of all parties, the emperor, the "sacred legislator of Japan", decided to surrender unconditionally. /kloc-on the morning of August, 0/5, the Japanese emperor issued a surrender letter to the whole world. World War II has become history. In this war, Japanese militarists brought endless disasters to the people of Asia-Pacific countries and committed heinous crimes. At the same time, Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered terrible atomic bombs. I hope that the Japanese people can always remember this bloody lesson with peace-loving people all over the world.