Zhuge Liang's birth and death years, main titles and major achievements

Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji).

life experience

Cultivate Nanyang

Zhuge Liang 18 1 was born in September 17 (the 23rd day of the seventh lunar month). His father Zhuge Gui died young, and Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun were raised by his uncle Zhuge Xuan. Later, the Han Dynasty appointed Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan. Fortunately, Zhuge Xuan had an old friendship with Liu Mubiao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and he took Zhuge Liang with him. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother lived in seclusion in Nanyang. Liang usually loves to recite songs, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong. At that time, people didn't pay much attention to his self-evaluation. Only his friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believed in his talent.

He made friends with (Mr), Pang Degong and Huang in Jingzhou. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; An ugly girl with yellow head and black head, but worthy. " After Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage, he immediately married Huang. At that time, people regarded it as a joke, and there is a proverb in the countryside as proof: "Don't be an obvious wife, you will get an ugly girl."

Longzhongdui

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when Si Mahui met Liu Bei, he said, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? He who knows the times is a hero. There are Wolong (Long Fu) and Feng Chu. " Liang was also recommended by Xu Shu. Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would lead Liang to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "This person can see him, but he can't get into trouble. The general should be in charge. "

Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang (known as "three visits to the cottage" in history). After meeting him, Liu Bei told others to avoid him and asked him, "The Han family is dead, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord is covered with dust." Loneliness, I want to believe that righteousness is above the world, and my wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is not over yet, and you said that the plan will come out? "

Zhuge Liang told him that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help him. It also expounds that the state grazing of Jing and Yi is cowardly and has opportunities. Only by owning these two States can we win the world. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called "shanzhai pair". Upon hearing this, Liu Bei praised Zhuge Liang and invited him to help, so Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain and entered the curtain. Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were greatly displeased, and Liu Bei explained to them, "There is Kong Ming in solitude, but there is water in fish. May you say nothing. " Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.

In 2008, Zhuge Liang put forward the idea of "thatched cottage stacking", which was the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades.

Chibi war

At that time, influenced by his wife and family, Zhuge Liang and Liu Biao became increasingly dissatisfied with their eldest son Liu Qi. Liu Qi respected Zhuge Liang very much and asked Zhuge Liang for self-defense several times. However, after Zhuge Liang refused, Liu Qi forced Zhuge Liang to give him countermeasures by taking the ladder from home at a banquet. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger and Zhong Er is safe outside?" Liu Qi knows what he means. Just when Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, Liu Qi volunteered to be the prefect of Jiangxia and fled Jiangxia.

In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changbanpo, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was caught, so Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. When Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Liang volunteered to ask Sun Quan for help before Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If you can compete with the Central Plains with the people of wuyue, it is better to give up early." Another option is to provoke him: "If you can't do it, why don't you do it in the north?" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's worth, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender to show Sun Liu's determination.

Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to stop.

I surrendered, and I was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 soldiers in the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia, Liu Qifan. Let's talk about Cao Jun's tiredness from afar. He chased Liu Beishi and rode a light bicycle for more than 300 miles a day and night. It is precisely "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Pei Songzhi believes that before Zhuge Liang lobbied Sun Quan, Lu Su had made political plans for Sun Quan so that he could fight against Cao Cao's interests, and then Sun Quan had accepted Lu Su's political strategy of uniting with Liu Kang Cao. Sun Quan's military choice is not entirely based on Zhuge Liang's diplomatic ability, and this plan is Lu Su. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 1 1 month, Cao Cao was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs and returned to the north.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December, and appointed Zhuge Liang as the military commander-in-chief. He was stationed in Lin Xuan, supervising the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, and was responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent an army to discuss with Fa Zheng, a captain, asking Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang defended Jingzhou with General Guan Yu and General Zhang Fei. In the following December, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Sichuan to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and encircling Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Jin of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 Jin of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist in charge of the left general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and feeding Liu Bei. In the battle of Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang provided economic assistance to Liu Bei who was defeated in the front line of Chengdu. In 220, Wang usurped the throne of Han. In 22 1 year, the ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to be the emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor, and Liu Beicai agreed. After the establishment of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang paid a visit to the Prime Minister, recorded history and took a vacation. In the same year, General Che Qi led a captain Zhang Fei to be assassinated by his subordinates, and later led a captain.

Baidicheng Tuogu

In August, 222, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yong 'an (Baidicheng). Zhuge Liang sighed, but Fa Zheng died. He believed that if Fa Zheng existed, Liu Bei's crusade would be stopped. Even if Liu Bei marched eastward, if Fa Zheng followed, the war situation would not be so depressed. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an, and entrusted Li Yan, a senior minister, to handle the funeral. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang sobbed and said, "I dare to use all my strength to report the Loyalty Day and then die!" " Liu Bei asked Liu Chan and other sons to regard Zhuge Liang as their father.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, who opened the Xiang Fu. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that the south-central region took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send his troops first because of the death of the monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow for repair. [ 1]

Moved to the north and south, experienced many battles.

In the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold medal and a cover, one before and one after Yu Baoxuan, and sixty warriors. After Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land [16] to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army, focusing on attacking the enemy, defeating Lv Yong's army first, then Meng Huo, and putting down the autumn chaos. The rich resources in the south of Shu and Han provided military services for the country, and the national treasury became rich, so they began to train and prepare for the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang

In March 227, Zhuge Liang went to Liu Chan to learn from his example, which showed his heart and sent troops to Mianyang to prepare for the Northern Expedition. In the spring of 228, Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Hanzhong and began the first Northern Expedition. During this period, Wei Jun and China won and lost each other, but most of them failed because of insufficient grain transportation. In 234, during Zhuge Liang's fifth Northern Expedition, he fought against Sima Yi, commander-in-chief of Wei State, and was seriously ill. Before he died, he recommended Jiang Wan and Fei Yi as successors. He died in August at the age of 54 and was buried in the tomb of Wuhou, Mianxian County, Dingjun Mountain.

Zhuge Liang and Kong Ming fought with wits and courage all their lives, fighting evil spirits and working hard to open up a bright future for that war-torn era! He pities human sufferings and wants to complete the great cause of reunification at an early date! Therefore, I went to the Northern Expedition in my later years, and I went out of Qishan six times, so that I broke down from overwork and died in Wuzhangyuan, Dingjun Mountain! You can really say, "Do your best and die!" Zhuge Liang is extremely clever and talented; Take the advantages of a hundred schools, take the advantages of many schools! He is familiar with astronomy, geography, human feelings, Taoism, art of war, arithmetic, yin and yang, gossip; It can be described as the wonder of three towers and five strategies! Zhuge Liang not only has high attainments in politics, military affairs and literature, but also has numerous inventions and creations! Many amazing inventions remain a mystery!

Therefore, later generations called it: wise men and sages! And cited as the embodiment and representative of "righteousness, loyalty and wisdom", burning incense and building temples for it! At this point, the world worships and sings for generations! As for the general comment on Zhuge characters, there is a poem in "Respecting Zhuge Ci/Sage": If the name of the Millennium is not changed, the voice of the ages will still shake. Help the Han family wholeheartedly. Merit is everywhere. Longzhong was divided into three countries, and Cao Wu was appointed as a teacher. An empty city retreats from Sima, and Chibi is a hero. A straw boat borrows an arrow skillfully, and a wooden cow backs it. Arrogant enemies run from east to west, stubborn men run from north to south. Gossip scares the prince, and wizards cover their grandchildren. Also the first Dingjun Mountain, Death Fairy Road. The prime minister is far away, and he does not stay in Shu privately. But laughing at the Three Kingdoms is actually Sima Shu.

The wheel of history is moving forward, as the saying goes: the Yangtze River rolls eastward and the water disappears, and the waves wash away all heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. Castle Peak still exists, the sun still rises and the sunset still sets. The white-haired hermit by the river has long been used to the changes of time. I met an old friend and had a drink. How many things in the past and how many years have been put into the conversation. There is also a poem in The History of the Three Kingdoms, Chu Province/Sage: Cao Cheng is not a wild party! Sunism is so long! Liu Hou is a hero! Sima is also an emperor! Five tigers are brave and awesome! Wolong's wisdom is unparalleled! Zhou Lang is not narrow-minded! Heroes cherish heroes and hate God!

Wu died of illness.

In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan (in Baoji) at the age of 54. Yang Yi and others led the troops back, and Jiang Wei obeyed Zhuge Liang's will, secretly refused to send out an obituary and slowly withdrew. Sima yi led the army in pursuit, only to see the handsome flag of the Shu army flying, and Kong Mingyu sitting in the car, wearing a black silk scarf. Sima Yi suspected that Kongming had deceived the enemy, so he quickly got on his horse and retreated, so there was a story of "Zhuge's death scared Zhong Da away".

The six battles, Qishan only twice; The fourth time, Wei Jun took the initiative to attack, and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous rainstorm and flash floods, the plank road was washed away, and Shu and Wei surrendered without a fight.

Zhuge Liang's last words ordered the Ministry to be buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, and a tomb was built according to the mountain situation. The tomb can only accommodate the coffin, put on the usual clothes, and do not need to use other instruments for burial.

Zhuge Liang was buried in the tomb of Wuhou, Mianxian County, Dingjun Mountain. Zhuge Liang once pointed out in the above table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and all his clothes were seized by the court. Although his sons are self-sufficient, he has no extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang was like this until his death. Even before he died, he was told that when he was buried, he only needed to dig a hole and put the coffin in, so he could put on ordinary clothes without other funerary objects. Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, his eldest son Zhuge Zhan and his eldest grandson Zhuge Shang died together in Mianzhu.