Joke Collection Website - Joke collection - What was Yi Zhongtian's battle for the office of the Three Kingdoms in Lecture Room?
What was Yi Zhongtian's battle for the office of the Three Kingdoms in Lecture Room?
In 208 AD, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan gradually formed a three-point world situation, and the Eastern Han regime existed in name only. In 2 13 AD, Cao Cao was made Duke Wei of Qi and later Wang Wei. At this time, Cao Cao, except for the name of the emperor, was treated by the emperor. At this time, many officials advised Cao Cao to stand on his own feet as emperor. Cao Cao didn't do this because of political considerations. He takes a resigned attitude, but the rights he gets must be passed down from generation to generation. ?
In this case, who is the crown prince, that is, the heir to the throne, has become a very important issue. Among Cao Cao's sons, the most promising ones are Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi. So, for the position of the prince, they fought with their respective advantages. So, Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi, who will win in the end? What is the mystery behind this victory? Yi Zhongtian, a professor at Xiamen University, is a guest in Lecture Room, which will show you the wonderful "official position struggle" in the Three Kingdoms. ?
Yi Zhongtian: In Cao Cao's later years, the issue of successors was put on the agenda. Cao Cao wants to choose a person to inherit his power and position. Who will he choose? According to incomplete statistics, Cao Cao has fifteen wives and twenty-five sons, which can still be found now. Among these 25 sons, the eldest son, Cao Ang, was originally the most promising successor. However, in the second year of Jian 'an, he died in the war of Zhang Xiu. Cao Cao also has a favorite child, Cao Chong, who is called an elephant. But he died in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an. At that time, Cao Cao cried her eyes out. At this time, xelloss came forward to comfort his father. Cao Cao said at that time: "This is my misfortune and your luck." It's my misfortune that Zhong Er died, and it's your luck, because you people have hope to be princes. ?
So, who does Cao Cao mean by "joining Cao Cao"? Generally speaking, it mainly refers to three people, namely, Cao Pi, Cao Zhang and Cao Zhi. Why these three people? Because first of all, these three people are Mrs. Bian's sons. We know that Cao Cao belongs to Mrs. Ding, and later divorced Cao Cao, so Cao Cao promoted Mrs. Bian to be his wife. So according to traditional etiquette, the wife's son is the most qualified heir, so all three are, which is the first point. Second, these three people are competent, capable and have a good performance. Therefore, the so-called competition for officials is mainly between the three sons born to Mrs. Bian of Cao Cao. ?
So who did Cao Cao choose among the three sons? It is generally believed that Cao Zhang was the first to be ruled out by Cao Cao. Why Cao Zhang? Because it seems that Cao Zhang is not fit to be a political leader. Cao Zhang is also the best of Cao Cao's sons, with a special appearance. His beard is yellow, called yellow beard, and he is very brave. Every time Cao Cao sent him out to fight, he returned home in triumph. In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao sent Cao Zhang out to fight. Cao Cao told him: Zhang Er, you are a father and son at home, and you are a monarch and a minister when you go out, but you are ordered to go out. You know the rules of the army, so be careful. So after Cao Zhang went to war, he really fought bravely, took the lead and returned home in triumph. Back in Yecheng, Cao Zhang did two things. One is to reward his soldiers in an unconventional way. Second, I gave all the credit to my subordinates when I reported my work after meeting Cao Cao. So who came up with this idea? Xelloss, because when Cao Zhang came back, the seer Xelloss said, you'd better not be greedy for credit, you should give credit to your subordinates. Then some historians analyzed that Xelloss was a practical joke, fearing that Cao Zhang would be threatened because of his great contribution. I didn't expect him to help Cao Zhang now. Cao Cao was very satisfied with Cao Zhang's report. Reaching for Cao Zhang's beard, he said, My yellow beard son has made great progress. ?
But Cao Zhang, what's his problem? I have no courage to plan, and I don't like reading. If this man doesn't study, Cao Cao will teach him, and all the children in the Cao family will study. Now, as a general, how can you not study at all? Then open the book list and say what you read. Cao Zhang said, yes. When I came out, I said to my buddy, Oh, what did my dad say? A man should be a gentleman, just like Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, be on the battlefield and make contributions. How can you get some books at home and study for a doctor? To be clear, the doctor at this time is not our doctor today. The doctor in the Han dynasty was an official position, and now the doctor is a degree, but the doctor in the Han dynasty really needed learned people to be an official. ?
On another occasion, Cao Cao asked his sons what their ambitions were. Cao Zhang said "Good is a general" and that I just want to be a general. Cao Cao said, what about being a general? Cao Zhang said, how about being a general? We must persevere, be fearless in times of crisis, take the lead, and have clear rewards and punishments. Cao Cao said, OK, OK, then be a general. The record in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Zhang, is: "Mao laughs" and laughs. Personally, the idea of setting up Cao Zhang as a repository will be laughed off. ?
Commentary: According to historical records, Cao Zhang was strong-willed and good at fighting. He once wiped out all sides for Cao Cao and made great contributions to Han Ma. But because Cao Zhang only wanted to be a general, he was screened out first. Because the first criterion for Cao Cao to choose a successor is to find a person who is good at politics. So how did Cao Cao choose between Cao Zhi and Cao Pi?
Commentary: From Mr. Yi Zhongtian's analysis just now, it can be seen that Cao Cao knows very well that the successor he wants to choose is a politician, not a strategist, and Cao Zhang, as a general, has no problem in recruiting talents. However, if he wants to govern the country, Cao Cao is very uneasy, so the scope of Cao Cao's prince candidates is narrowed down to Cao Zhi and Cao Pi. Between the two, many people think that Cao Cao chose Cao Zhi first. So why did Cao Cao choose Cao Zhi first?
Two reasons, the first is that Cao Zhi is talented. Cao Zhi is really talented. Cao Zhi could write articles and poems when he was a child. It is said that one day, when Cao Zhi was very young, Cao Cao read Cao Zhi's article and asked Cao Zhi, this article is so beautiful. Did someone help you write it? Cao Zhi immediately knelt down and said that words are poems and articles are chapters. The article should be written by yourself. Why should someone else write it? Then I don't believe my dad can test me. I wrote on the spot. That's brilliant. Cao Cao really likes Cao Zhi, which is no problem. But I think that just because Cao Cao likes Cao Zhi doesn't prove that Cao Zhi can't be elected as the prince. How do you say this? ?
We need to understand the ancient storage principle. Because we know that in ancient times, the political system was the hereditary system of the monarch, and the monarch was hereditary and passed on to his son or brother. So who do you choose? There are four options, namely: upright, upright, upright and love. What do you mean? It is an ancient king, or something similar to a monarch, such as Cao Cao. Their marriage system is monogamous, so only the wife is the first wife and can be worthy of her husband. Therefore, the son born to a wife is called Di Zi, and the son born to a concubine is called an illegitimate child. When choosing a successor, you should first choose from your wife's son. This is the so-called "establishment of Di Zi". So if there are many sons born to wives, who will they choose? Choosing the oldest person is called "stand up". Even if you don't have a son, you are all illegitimate children and you have to grow up. This is called making a son first, or making a son long, not being virtuous, that is, not looking at who is the best. Then, if you can't abide by these two principles, it is acceptable to take a step back, because if you choose the most capable one, it will still be beneficial to everyone, and this public opinion or others will still be acceptable. The most unacceptable thing is "making love", that is, which son do you like and which one is the most unacceptable. Think about it. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bangben wanted to establish a prince, Ruyi Zhao, the son of Mrs. Qi, but the Manchu Dynasty opposed it. Finally, he established Liu Ying of Lu Housheng, a man as awesome as Liu Bang, and he couldn't beat this thing. So you made Cao Zhi suspected of having sex. Of course, some people say that Cao Cao doesn't play cards according to common sense, does he? I can't say clearly. Yes, that's right, but Cao Cao is not so ignorant as to stubbornly oppose this principle. This is the first point. ?
Secondly, some people say that Cao Cao established Cao Zhi, not because of love, but because of virtue, because Cao Zhi was talented. But we also have to analyze that Cao Zhi is talented. What is talent? Well-written literary articles and well-written poems do not mean that the country is well governed, do they? Chu Jun is not the president of the association, is he? If Guo Wei chooses a chairman of the writers association, I think Cao Zhi deserves it. Yes, when Cao Zhi was twenty-three years old, Cao Cao once talked to him and said, Son, I became an official when I was twenty-three. I don't regret what I did at that time. Now I'll leave you in Yecheng, so be careful. So we don't know if Cao Zhi is good at it, but it seems that his performance is still good, because the sentence at the back of the biography of the Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi is: "How many people are princes", that is, he was almost made a prince several times, which shows that his performance is still good. But it should be said that there is no outstanding performance, because if there is outstanding performance, it must be recorded in the history books, and it can't hide this matter. And logically speaking, it is unlikely to have outstanding performance, because Cao Cao is here, Cao Cao is too strong, and his son rarely has the opportunity to have outstanding performance. This is a problem. ?
Another question is, if Cao Zhi did well, why did he end up getting worse? The reflection of the Three Kingdoms in this place is written in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is vague and gives people the impression that they are hiding something. Its words are very simple. It says that Cao Zhi's performance is just the opposite of that of Cao Pi. How is Cao Zhi's performance? "wayward and self-motivated" means that Cao Zhi is very wayward, unruly and unconstrained. How is Cao Pi's performance? Cao Pi is good at calculating, handling interpersonal relationships with various political skills, hiding himself, not showing his true colors, and being a man with his tail up. As a result, Cao Cao likes Cao Pi more and more and dislikes Cao Zhi more and more. So this may be a reason, and we can also see the difference of these two personalities from here, right? ?
So as far as we are concerned, generally speaking, if you are allowed to choose, I estimate that many people will choose Cao Zhi. Because Cao Zhi is lovely, frank and honest; However, xelloss didn't know what was hidden in his heart. An arrogant and pretentious person like Cao Pi is not only unlovable, but also a little scary, because you have no idea what he is thinking. But the problem is that Cao Cao is not judging "who is the cutest person" but "who is the most reliable person". What is reliable? What is politically reliable? Ensure that his Cao Wei regime is passed down from generation to generation. And isn't his Cao Wei regime still unstable at this time? There are also two enemies there, one is Sun Quan and the other is Liu Bei. The court is also very noisy. At this time, he can't choose a wayward person, an honest man, and a man with a temperament. He had to choose a schemer to ensure that his family business would be passed on. ?
Commentary: When choosing a successor, Cao Cao first chose a politician, and then he needed to be politically reliable. Because Cao's family business can only be passed on by choosing a politically reliable person. Cao Zhi is undoubtedly talented, but in the end, because of his personality, he missed the position of prince. In 2 17 ad, Cao pi was finally officially established as a prince. How did Mr. Yi Zhongtian analyze Cao Pi's election?
I think Cao Pi was finally elected for four reasons. The first reason, as I said just now, is calculation. ?
The second reason is the dual use of military and civilian. Everyone knows that Cao Zhi is talented, but they don't know that Cao Pi is also talented. When we read the biographies of these three people in the Three Kingdoms, you will find that Cao Zhang's talent is mainly in the military, and he is a military talent; Cao Zhi's talent mainly lies in literature, especially literary talent; And xelloss is both. From the literary point of view, Cao Pi is one of the "Three Caos" in Jian 'an era, and is also called the three great poets with Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi. Although his poems are relatively inferior to those of Cao Cao and Cao Zhi, he is the first person in China's seven-character poems. In addition, he has literary theory. Cao Pi's Dian Lun is an indelible stroke in the history of China literature, and he is also a literary theorist. Besides, his martial arts are very good. He has been riding and archery since he was a child, and his kung fu is quite good. One day, he discussed fencing with a general named Deng Zhan. He told Deng Zhan that you were right. Cao Pi said, we should have a competition and grab a crutch. -At that time, sugarcane was just introduced to China, and only nobles could eat it. -grab a crutch and throw it in the past, and then we will grab another one ourselves. Speaking of it, it took a few times to knock Deng Zhan down. All of them, so that's why. ?
The third reason is that Cao Pi is the eldest son. As I said before, the eldest son is the eldest son and has a high status. At that time, Cao Cao asked the civil and military officials for advice. In the last episode, we talked about Cui Yan's public reply that his position was firm and uncontroversial, and some people also wrote to Cao Cao saying that this principle could not be broken. The funniest thing is Jia Xu. Cao Cao went to ask Jia Xu and said, Look, who should I choose between these two sons? ..... Cao Cao said I ask you, why don't you talk? He said I was thinking, thinking. Cao Cao said, what are you thinking? Jia Xu said, I was thinking about Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. What do you mean? It was Yuan Shao and Liu Biao who made mistakes together. When choosing a successor, they didn't have an eldest son, only a younger son. As a result, Cao Cao immediately understood. Is the third reason. ?
Commentary: From Mr. Yi Zhongtian's analysis, it can be seen that Cao Pi, as the eldest son, plus an all-rounder in civil and military affairs, has an innate advantage in the battle for the prince, but these are not enough to shake Cao Zhi's position in Cao Cao's mind. Later, in the secret contest between Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, two key figures made great contributions to Cao Pi's election as a prince. So who are these two people? How did they help xelloss?
Commentary: Just now, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that Cao Pi had inherent advantages in being elected as a prince, but we know that Cao Zhi is also very talented and deeply loved by Cao Cao, so the competition between them is evenly matched. Therefore, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi are carefully accepting all aspects of Cao Cao's test. At this critical moment, there are two crucial figures in Cao Pi's camp, who have made great contributions to Cao Pi's election as a prince. So who are these two people? How do they support Cao Pi?
The fourth reason, experts suggest. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi showed their magical powers in this struggle for office. There are mainly three people here, one is Rockett, the second is Ding Gan, and the third is Yang Xiu. Where's xelloss here? One is Wu Zhi. But now it seems that, as the saying goes, three heads are better than one, and Cao Zhi's three heads are better than one, namely, Rockett, Ding Gang and Wu. How does Wu Can help xelloss? There are two rules for him. The first is to lose sincerity, that is, you should express your sincerity to your father. The second is to ask questions. You should make your father suspect them. ?
Cao Cao went to war and everyone went out of the city to see him off. This Cao Zhi came out to read the article. It is estimated that he wrote a very beautiful and eulogizing article the night before, and at the same time expressed his reluctance and gorgeous literary talent. As expected, this recitation was beautifully written. Everyone thought it was good, the article was well written, and Cao Cao himself was very proud. As a result, Cao Cao was also comfortable, but Cao Pi was uncomfortable and didn't know what to do, because Cao Zhi couldn't be written. At this time, Wu Zhi said in his ear, "Wang Dangxing can shed tears." Cry. Isn't father going to explore? Is there no risk in exploring? Aren't you reluctant? Cry. Xelloss immediately understood, bang, he fell on the ground and cried, crying even Cao Cao. Let's cry together, let's cry together. After crying, I forgot all the beautiful articles written by Cao Zhi. Who can remember those gorgeous words you said? So I say Wu Zhi, a simple "quality". His "quality" deserves to be called Wu Zhi. He regards it as the simplest, lowest cost, most straightforward and most convenient way to win. So, after breaking up, everyone said, alas, it seems that the filial piety of the five senses corps commander is commendable! He is so filial. He is really a dutiful son. As for that man, it's a bit of a show and a bit of a show. No one knows whether he is reluctant to part with his father or takes the opportunity to show off his knowledge. I don't know. So I have repeatedly said that the most valuable things in the world are often the simplest things, the simplest and simplest things, and the world cannot compete with them for beauty. ?
Another thing is that Wu Zhi often colluded with Cao Pi and could not communicate openly, so Cao Pi got a bamboo cage, loaded him into the car and transported him to the house. When Yang Xiu discovered this, Yang Xiu immediately reported it to Cao Cao, because Cao Cao forbade his son to associate with these officials for fear of cronyism. But it's too late to check. Xelloss knew about it, and Xelloss asked Wu what to do. Wu Shuo, it's easy. Wait, wait, wait. Ah. The second time, a few days later, Cao Pi brought another bamboo cage. Yang Xiu saw it and immediately reported it to Cao Cao. Cao Cao immediately stopped, checked and opened it. No one was there. So Cao Cao wondered, are you making false accusations? Don't trust Cao Zhi. ?
Look, this is Wu Zhi's gang. Wu Zhi saw two things: First, although Cao Cao is talented, he is more emotional, so don't write beautiful articles, you cry. Second, Cao Cao is suspicious. He took a good look at these two things, and xelloss won. Those three stooges are full of bad ideas. As I said in the last episode, Yang Xiu often guessed what Cao Cao asked and wrote down the answer in advance. He also taught Cao Zhi this trick and wrote the answer. When Cao Cao wrote a note, Cao Zhi handed in the answer, hoping to leave a good impression on Cao Zhi's wit. Who knows this Yang Xiu he didn't grasp the rhythm, Cao Cao's letter just arrived, his reply immediately handed it over. Cao Cao looked at it and said, my son is not that smart. The result was exposed, and I hated Cao Zhi from then on. ?
Comparatively speaking, however, among those who helped xelloss, Jia Xu was the most important. At that time, xelloss also went to consult Jia Xu and said, what should I do? Jia Xu said indifferently: "May the general restore his respect for virtue, bow to the cause of ordinary people, work day and night, and do not violate the discipline, that's all." I wish you carry forward morality, strengthen self-cultivation, practice what a scholar should do, be diligent and tireless, and do not violate the filial piety of a son. That's enough. You don't have to do anything. This is very high. On the surface, Jia Xu seems to be bureaucratic, and all he says is mandarin, big talk and cliche, but this is fundamental. What is this? Be a man. I have repeatedly stressed that no matter what you do, you are an official, a businessman and a scholar. After all, you are a man. If you look at these successful people in the Three Kingdoms period, they are all successful people in life without exception. All you have to do is do your duty and be a good person. Don't play tricks, and don't play tricks. That's exactly what Jia Xu meant. Xelloss did as Jia Xu taught him, and finally won his father's love and made him a prince. ?
Commentary: With the guidance of Jia Xu and the help of Wu, Cao Pi finally satisfied Cao Cao, and got the position of Prince as he wished, becoming the successor of Cao Wei regime. So Cao Can lived up to Cao Cao's good intentions and made Cao Cao's inheritance evergreen?
It is said that after Cao Pi was made a prince, he couldn't help hugging a negotiator named Xin Pi. There was a negotiator named Xin Pi. Cao Pi grabbed him by the neck and said, Xinjun, Xinjun, do you know how happy I am? The fox's tail is still exposed. ?
On the contrary, at this time, the two women were very remarkable, and they were very rational, calm and low-key. One is Cao Pi's mother, Mrs. Bian. As we said before, Mrs. Bian was going to treat her. Mrs. Bian simply said that I was satisfied if I didn't teach my son badly. Where can we celebrate? There is also a woman named Xian Ying, the daughter of Xin Pi. When Xin Pi returned home, he told Hyun-young about it. Hyun-young sighed and said, alas, how could the prince do this! What is a prince? The prince is the person who inherits the king to govern the country. What does it mean to succeed the king? It means that the king is dead and it should be sad to inherit the king. What does it mean to govern the country? It means that you have to bear a heavy burden, so you should be afraid. After a person is made a prince, his performance should be grief and fear. Now Wang Wei is so ecstatic, I don't think Wei's national luck will last long. Great woman. ?
Unfortunately, Hyun-young was right. In 220 AD, Cao Pi succeeded to Cao Cao's Wang Wei, who forced the Han Emperor to offer a Zen position and proclaimed himself emperor. This is Wei Wendi. Then he died in 226 AD, and only served as emperor for six years. Forty-five years after Cao Pi's death, Wei perished. It is indeed a short-lived dynasty. ?
Of course, the root cause of Wei's short life was not Cao Pi's complacency at that time, but only a secondary cause if it was counted. Then the root cause is the system. What is this? That is, before Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he implemented the "Nine-product Zhengzhi System". This "nine products" system is very complicated. Let me say it briefly. What do you mean, simplify? That is, an official has to be an official for several generations. Even if you are an official, so is your son and your grandson. As long as your ancestors were officials, you will always have an official; It is difficult for people who have never been an official to be an official. This is the so-called nine-level Zheng Zhi system. Therefore, Cao Pi's "nine-grade system" is contrary to the personnel policy of "appointing people on merit" implemented by his father Cao Cao. Why did he do it? He tried to win the support of the nobility. Then at that time, the gentry had already formed in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Like Yuan Shao and Yang Xiu, you are an official from generation to generation and a political force. In order to win the support of these political forces, Cao Pi promoted the system of "Nine Grades". ?
In the end, whose hands did his regime fall into? It fell into the hands of a Sima family, which has been the cremation for generations. This is called success and failure in Xiao He, so in the final analysis, the rise and fall is still a system problem. But we don't have time to elaborate on these things now. Now we're going back to see Sun Quan and Liu Bei. In Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun and Liu formed an alliance and defeated Cao Cao. What about after the war? Can Sun Quan and Liu Bei continue to form a solid alliance after the war? What did Sun Quan and Liu Bei do after Battle of Red Cliffs? Please watch the next episode-make good use of it.
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