Who is better, Zhang Daqian or Qi Baishi?

Who is better, Zhang Daqian or Qi Baishi?

Qi Baishi and Zhang Daqian are both famous modern painters in China. Their names are household names and their achievements are obvious to all. If you want to compare the two, who is better? Who has higher status and achievements in painting?

Who is better, Qi Baishi or Zhang Daqian?

In the art history of China, Qi Baishi is a great artist from tradition to innovation! Qi Baishi's painting style in his early years is extremely immature and has no artistic style and characteristics of his own. He is a late bloomer, and like Huang at the same time, his art is late and refined!

So talking about Qi Baishi's art refers to his original painting style of safflower and ink leaves in his later years, which can be said to be a far-reaching school. Shi Tao once said a famous artistic saying, "Pen and ink should keep pace with the times", and the greatest feature of art is its flavor of the times! Qi Baishi lived in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Whether it is a feudal society or a Republic of China society, it is a hierarchical society, an oppressive society and an unequal society. As far as art is concerned, art only reflects the aesthetic needs of the upper class, so it is far from ordinary people, because artists do not need to meet the artistic needs of ordinary people!

The same was true of Qi Baishi in his early years, but what really made Qi Baishi famous in history was his painting style after the reform in his later years, that is, his painting style in his later years. The greatest feature of his painting style in his later years is to meet the aesthetic needs of ordinary people, which is also the demand of the times, because the times have reached a modern society that advocates freedom and democracy, and the equality and freedom of social status have made ordinary people become artistic audiences. Qi Baishi is a great artist who conforms to this artistic trend. First of all, he expanded the theme of painting, which is his greatest artistic contribution. His freehand brushwork of flowers and birds is widely used. It can be said that fruits, vegetables, flowers, birds, insects and fish, as long as they fly in the sky, run on the ground, swim in the water and are familiar to ordinary people, are used in painting, which can be said to be an unprecedented artistic creation. Secondly: in the painting, Qi Baishi added red! It is a pioneering work to apply red to China's paintings! Because the ancients, especially the literati, respected black, which represents nobility and elegance and is the basic element of literati painting. Ink is transported in five colors, and the density of ink is the color element of painting. Literati painting can be said to be ink painting! Scholars oppose the use of color, especially red, because red is the favorite color of ordinary people, which is festive, but tacky and dirty.

Qi Baishi skillfully combined black with red. The use of red represents the aesthetic requirements of ordinary people, and the use of red represents the understanding and inheritance of tradition.

Zhang Daqian's artistic attainments are also extremely high, which can be said to be without successors in the history of modern art in China, but he has made no achievements in the field of freehand brushwork in flowers and birds! Zhang Daqian is not very good at the freehand brushwork of flowers and birds by masters such as Xu Wei, Badashanren and Yangzhou Baguai, which is his only weakness, and this is exactly what Qi Baishi is best at! Zhang Daqian's figure painting has two changes in landscape (ink landscape, pale crimson landscape and green landscape) and figure (Zhang Daqian's figure painting has two changes: before the age of 30, he studied the tradition of figure painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and his style was euphemistic and delicate; 194 1 year went to Dunhuang to copy Sui and Tang murals. The style has changed greatly, and the painted characters are magnificent and colorful, showing the legacy of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Flowers and birds (mainly meticulous painting) are very successful!

All-round elegance: Zhang Daqian has made great achievements in all artistic fields in China, and is the most accomplished person in art! Known as "the master of nearly 500 years", "Picasso of the East" and "the biggest painter in the world".

Zhang Daqian's achievements are comprehensive, and he is good at landscapes, flowers and birds, figures, meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork and writing. Although Qi Baishi has made great achievements in flowers and birds, figures and landscapes, they are all freehand brushwork styles.

Therefore, in the field of freehand flower-and-bird painting, Qi Baishi's achievements are higher than Zhang Daqian's, and his influence is also greater than Zhang Daqian's. In the history of China art, Qi Baishi is slightly higher than Zhang Daqian; However, Zhang Daqian's position in the world art history is higher than Qi Baishi's. Zhang Daqian has almost no artistic blind spots and his style is more comprehensive.

Qi Baishi doesn't like Zhang Daqian?

In 1930s, Zhang Daqian was as famous as Qi Baishi and was known as "Southern Zhang and Northern Qi". But Qi Baishi scoffed at him. Zhang Daqian visited his residence once, but he refused behind closed doors.

The reason for not being entertained-Zhang Daqian's fake is too "* * *".

Countless victims

In the 1920s, Zhang Daqian's fake paintings were more famous than real ones.

The objects forged by Zhang Daqian, from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, are all paintings by representative painters of past dynasties.

Because of his superb forgery level, he even won the title of "Shi Tao (one of the" four masters of painting monks "in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties) coming back to life"-his imitation of Shi Tao's paintings can be said to be confusing.

A few jokes can be seen:

/kloc-in the winter of 0/925, the painter Chen Banding hosted a banquet in honor of Zhang Daqian and other friends, showing off his exquisite album of Shi Tao. During the dinner, Chen Banding released Shi Tao's beautifully bound album. On the title page, there is the title of "Jinling Scenic Spot" by a famous Japanese appraiser, and everyone is amazed. I didn't know Zhang Daqian was in front. After a quick look, he said, "I drew this album three years ago!" " "

When I said this, the room was full of surprises.

Chen Banding looked displeased and asked "What's the certificate". Zhang Daqian drew the contents, inscriptions and seals of the album into a chart, and the guests opened the album for comparison. It was really true.

Chen Banding was so embarrassed that all his friends broke up.

In a similar story, he is also a "victim" of Huang. It is said that Zhang Daqian exchanged a fake stone painting for a real one, which greatly humiliated Huang, who is known as an expert in stone identification.

People who have contacts with Daqian said that in the late 1920s, Zhang Daqian colluded with antique dealers and cheated the Shanghai collector Cheng 13000 yuan with a fake stone painting. Later, Zhang Daqian said to his friend privately, "I painted seven or eight hundred stone paintings collected by Cheng."

Zhang Daqian's fakes abound, and even some museums' Shi Tao collections are from Zhang Daqian's hands.

Luo Zhenyu, Gao, and other well-known domestic collectors have all suffered from him, and even Zhang Xueliang, a young marshal, has bought Zhang Daqian's fake stone paintings. It is said that Zhang Xueliang also hosted a "Hongmen Banquet" for Zhang Daqian, and the two men did not fight.

be in the background

The fake paintings made by Zhang Daqian still give appraisers a headache.

1999, there was a heated international debate about whether Dong Yuan's Riverside Map was written by Zhang Daqian, which is an example.

Both sides of the debate are experts in contemporary calligraphy and painting. For example, Gao Juhan (American art historian) thinks that this painting was imitated by Zhang Daqian. This view is not unreasonable: Zhang Daqian has a habit. After buying an ancient painting of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, he often painted a few himself, which is called "laying eggs" in the calligraphy and painting industry. Some of these "eggs" are sold to others through his own hands, and some are sold through auction houses. Because of his high imitation level, it is difficult for auction houses and appraisers to see it.

In addition, Zhang Daqian's fake paintings can fool many collectors' eyes, which is also related to a painter named Zhou Longchang.

Zhou Longchang's painting skills are in full swing, and he is good at digging and mending. It can be said that he has reached an elusive level. Any broken figures, rocks, pavilions, etc. You can move to the east and west without a flaw. His tools are simple, a bamboo stick and a very thin ivory. As long as you are careful and align the fibers, you can weave them as they are.

Zhang Daqian once asked Zhou Longchang to mount old paintings in a middle school, with a monthly salary of 200 silver dollars, only two or three paintings a year. After that, it was added to 300 yuan every month to restore old paintings.

Another feature of many of his fake paintings is that he likes to ask experts to inscribe his ancient paintings. Some people have done research, among which the people who asked him the most were, Huang and Fei An. These people were experts at that time and kept their word.

However, it is not known why these experts went into the water and whether there were any difficulties.

According to Shen Fu, an expert in modern calligraphy and painting, Zhang Daqian copied the works of painters and collectors in past dynasties, and printed more than 900 pieces, including more than 65,438,000 pieces of seals of collectors in Ming Dynasty (now in Seclo Museum in new york).

Sell fake paintings to show patriotism.

Zhang Daqian was criticized for "faking" and "destroying Dunhuang".

194 1 year, Zhang Daqian borrowed 5,200 gold (a group of valuable ancient paintings were pawned in Gansu Bank) and went to Dunhuang to study murals.

The so-called "destruction" means that when Zhang Daqian accidentally discovered a secret, there were several layers of murals in a cave. The outer layer of mud has fallen off. If you want to see a beautiful painting on the inner layer, you must peel off the outer layer.

There is also a saying that when Zhang Daqian accompanied Yu Youren to visit, he ordered the accompanying soldiers to knock out the outer murals.

This matter has been circulating for a while and has far-reaching influence. Finally, although it was confirmed that Zhang Daqian "didn't destroy the mural", there were still criticisms.

In the early 1950s, Zhang Daqian sold three famous ancient paintings of China (including the ancient Han Xizai's Banquet and Dong Yuan's Xiaoxiang) to the mainland at a low price to show his patriotism.

According to conclusive evidence, Zhang Daqian was in urgent need of money. After selling paintings everywhere in America, he sold them to the mainland. Sadly, Xiaoxiang Tu turned out to be a fake painting, which Zhang Daqian admitted to be a fake in a letter to his friend Xie two months before his death.

According to Chen Chuanxi's "Zhang Daqian sells pictorial in China", the restrictive policy of the United States is loose, and Zhang Daqian's famous China paintings are continuously sold to major museums in the United States, and never sold to the mainland at low prices.

According to Zhang Ding (former president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts), he met Zhang Daqian when he was in charge of the overall design of the China Pavilion of the International Expo in the summer of 1956. Zhang Daqian wanted to sell a batch of famous paintings from China to Chinese mainland, but they were not accepted because of exorbitant prices.

Second-rate painter

In modern times, many people admired Zhang Daqian, and Xu Beihong even praised him as "the first person in 500 years".

Anecdotes about him are endless, and someone summed up his life in a paragraph:

He faced Dunhuang for three years, with mixed reputation; Take a photo with Picasso in painting, which is relished by the world; He once presented * * * "Lotus" and painted "Panasonic Gaoshi" for Chiang Kai-shek; He is a bandit, but he is happy to be an elegant thief; He became a monk but refused to be ordained; He painted fake pictures and exposed his family's ugliness; He left after teaching the whip.

He was natural and unrestrained, took a gamble, lost the national treasure "Cao E Yuan", and was ashamed to face his seriously ill mother; He is romantic, his tea adds fragrance to Japan and South Korea, and his wives are in groups; He is as rich as an enemy and has no place to stand; He traveled all over the world, including India, Japan, Argentina, Brazil and the United States, and finally returned to Taiwan Province Province. ...

However, some people say that if Zhang Daqian stays in the mainland, he will be second-rate compared with other painters.

In a letter to a friend, Fu Lei commented on his paintings like this: "Daqian is another speculator. His greatest skill in this life is to imitate Shi Tao, but he is a top-notch first-class master. At best, his own creation can only steal fragments of Dao Ji (namely Shi Tao-editor's note), or move some flowers from Chen Baiyang (Chen Chun-editor's note), Xu Qingteng (Xu Wei-editor's note) and the Eighth National Congress (especially the Eighth National Congress) to be charming and bluffing, which is often vulgar and tasteless, especially for ladies ... "

The world has analyzed the reasons for Zhang Daqian's forgery: first, to maintain his huge expenses for the benefit; Second, challenge the authority of the art world; Third, show people by name and show off your extraordinary kung fu.

Huang Miaozi's comments are more intriguing. While pointing out that counterfeiting is immoral, he also said: "A genius who was not born in the world turned to such a rugged world road in order to pursue art in a complex modern society. I think this can be pitied and cannot be condemned at will. "

Right and wrong, benevolent people have different opinions, and wise people have different opinions.