From the internal struggle, it is not the ignorance of the emperor or the disloyalty of the courtiers to study the reasons for the demise of Nanming.

The Ming Dynasty experienced a history of 276 years. Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, has been promoting the two-Beijing system since he moved to Beijing. That is, Nanjing and Beijing * * * became the capitals of the Ming Empire. However, because Judy's fief is in Beijing, he moved to Beijing, and it is very embarrassing here in Nanjing. For more than 200 years, the existence of Nanjing has been a joke for more than half of the time. It was not until Chongzhen 17, that is, after Li Zicheng entered Beijing in 1644, that the fate of Nanjing was completely changed. Because after the fall of Beijing, Nanjing became the only capital of the Ming Dynasty. By this time, Nanjing already had a whole set of official system, and only one emperor was needed. Therefore, as long as Amin is appointed as emperor, the role of Nanjing * * * can be fully reflected. However, after 44 years, Nanming was still no match for the Qing Dynasty. Why? Some people think that Nanming was a bad king, which led to the demise of Nanming's regime, while others think that it was because ministers refused to work hard and had no loyalty that they would perish. Actually, this is not the main reason. There were emperors Zhu in the Long Dynasty and sages Shi Kefa, Huang Daozhou and others in Nanming, so I think there are other reasons for Nanming's demise, and that is infighting. 0 1 There are only eight months left in Hong Guang's imperial court, but the infighting has never stopped. Shi Kefa is a very familiar loyal minister. He defended Yangzhou city with his own flesh and blood, and finally died in Yangzhou, and was praised as an eternal loyal minister by later generations. He is indeed a very loyal courtier of Nanming, but what we don't know is that Shi Kefa also has a very important identity, that is, the Minister of War of Nanjing court. Many people have a vague concept of the functions and powers of Nanjing Ministry of War. Nanjing, as the second capital, also had a group of ministers at that time, and the pattern was exactly the same as that of Beijing, except that there was no cabinet and emperor in Nanjing, so among the ministers in Nanjing, the Minister of War was the highest. In other words, Shi Kefa has always been the head of the Nanjing court. Although they don't have much authority in normal times, after the demise of Beijing, Nanjing * * * mastered the power in the world. Not only the Ming courtiers from Beijing rushed to Nanjing, but also the taxes from all over the country were handed over to Nanjing. Shi Kefa suddenly became the core figure of the empire, so choosing a new emperor for Nanming became a burden on Shi Kefa's shoulders. At that time, the more reliable candidates were Zhu Yousong, Zhu Changfang and Zhu. At this time, two factions with completely different attitudes were formed in North Korea. First of all, Zhu Changfang, the king of Lu, was completely excluded, because he was far from the blood relationship with Emperor Wanli. Zhu, born in, son of Emperor Wanli, Zhu Yousong, grandson of Emperor Wanli. So they are all promising to be the successors of the empire. At this time, many courtiers believed that Zhu Yousong was the grandson, and his father Zhu was the favorite son of Emperor Wanli. In those days, in order to win the throne of Zhu Changluo, Lindong party member did not hesitate to kowtow to Emperor Wanli, and of course he offended Zheng Guifei. At the Southern Conference, Zhang, Lu Daqi, Jiang and others said, "Born in the Song Dynasty, God is a grandson. There are seven things you can't do: greed, lewdness, drunkenness, unfilial, abusive, not learning, and interference. " King Lu has always been at his feet, and he is also the nephew of God, wise and upright. "Moving to death can be a law, but the law also agreed. Ma Shiying, the prefect of Fengyang, discussed with Ruan Dacheng and decided to establish the axe king. He can consult the law, but the law can't tell. In due course, we have sent troops with Huang Degong, Liu Liangzuo, Liu Zeqing and Alex Gao to send the axe king to Yizhen so that he can wait for the king. -"Ming History" is of course remembered by Lin Dong party member, so they strongly opposed Zhu Yousong. Shi Kefa is half a Lindong party member, and his teacher is Lindong party member, so he must also take care of Lindong party member's emotions. So Shi Kefa ruled out Zhu Yousong. He even told Ma Shiying, the manager of Fengyang, the idea, and wrote a letter accusing Zhu Yousong of his shortcomings, saying that he could not become an emperor. However, I didn't expect Ma Shiying to do the opposite. With the help of warlords in four towns, Zhu Yousong was helped to the throne. In desperation, Shi Kefa, the minister of the Ministry of War, can only choose to supervise the army in the north, and dare not stay with the emperor. Of course, it's not his turn to do the big position of cabinet records, but it's given to Ma Shiying. So the first infighting of Nan Ming began. Ma Shiying had Shi Kefa's letter in his hand, but he didn't give it to Zhu Yousong. Actually, it was to threaten Shi Kefa, which was the weakness of Shi Kefa's life. Lindong party member was in danger and thought that they would be expelled from the imperial court, so many people had the idea of surrendering to the Qing Dynasty. The warlords in the four towns are not much better. They have the merit of standing up, so they are knighted. Except for Huang Degong, who made great achievements for Daming, who was named Marquis, the other three were also named Ors. However, in order to compete for territory, they can actually fight, and the scale is not small, which shows how serious the infighting in Chengdu is. In this case, the Hong Guang regime only existed for eight months, and then it was declared dead. When Duoduo went south with the Manchu army, almost all the warlords in the four towns surrendered, and there were countless surrenders in Lindong. The infighting between the Longwu regime and the Lu regime has never subsided. Hong Guang regime is recognized as the orthodox regime in the southern provinces, and its demise marks that the southern provinces are leaderless again. At this time, Zhu Yihai, King of Lu, announced that the state was in Zhejiang, the nearest city to Nanjing. At that time, there was such a practice that supervising the country was equivalent to preparing the emperor. After the inspection period, he can be enthroned. However, Zhu Yihai is not recognized by the world, because in Fujian, the Zheng Zhilong brothers fostered Zhu, the emperor of longwu. Zhu was originally the king of the Tang Dynasty. He was an ambitious monarch. In order to save Chongzhen, Chongzhen was even detained in Fengyang prison for seven years. King Lu is the tenth grandson of Mao. My father Shouyong, in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, defeated Yanzhou and died. In February of 17th year, Wang Siwei sought the capital and fled south. In April of the second year of Shunzhi, he moved to Jiangguang and temporarily stayed in Taizhou. And Zheng Zunqian and other soldiers rose up, discussed pushing Dai, and entered the five kings of Zhejiang, but the king was the wisest. He sent a former minister of war to meet the king. Arrived in Shaoxing in August, that is, in charge. In order to keep the headquarters consistent, the subjects called the monarch, the imperial edict called the order, the system called the imperial edict, and the ministers advised him to move forward, but Wang Gu refused. -"Southeast Chronicle" Therefore, the Longwu regime and the King of Lu almost existed at the same time. So who should the people of the world listen to? Most people supported Emperor Longwu, but the regime of King Zhu Yihai of Lu also had great power. Military leaders represented by Zhang Mingzhen and Zhang Huangyan supported Zhu Yihai. So the two sides have been fighting among themselves and a serious war has taken place. Even after the death of Emperor Longwu, Zheng Chenggong didn't have any affection for Zhu Yihai, and didn't even admit that he had the privilege of supervising the country. He would rather serve Li Yong in the distance than make friends with Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu. In addition, within the regime of Emperor Qianlong, it was actually unstable. At that time, Zheng Zhilong and Emperor Long were separated from each other in Germany. Zheng Zhilong planned to manipulate Emperor Long in order to sell himself at a good price when he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, but Emperor Long did not want to be a puppet. As the only monarch in Nanming, Emperor Long planned to explore the north, so he got in touch with He Tengjiao. At that time, He Tengjiao incorporated 100,000 Dashun troops, which was very powerful. Emperor Long hoped to get the support of He Tengjiao, so he went to Jiangxi alone. As a result, He Tengjiao himself had a plan to stand on his own feet. He didn't care about the Dragon Emperor at all. The country was thus broken, but these ministers will continue to kill each other. Can such a regime last long? So the Longwu regime was also declared dead, and Emperor Longwu himself and his queen were killed by the Qing army. The infighting during the Li Yong regime in 2003 was simply shocking. After the death of Emperor Long, two new regimes appeared in Guangxi and Guangdong. One is the famous Emperor Zhu Youlang, whose permanent regime is the longest in Nanming. The other is the Shaowu regime established by Guangdong native Zhu Yuyu, who is the younger brother of Emperor Zhu. After the death of Emperor Longdi, university student Su and others thought that since Emperor Longdi was orthodox, his younger brother Zhu Yuyu was naturally qualified to inherit, so he set up Shaowu regime regardless of opposition. As a result, the two regimes actually fought a war when Nanming was about to perish, and the scale was not small. This is surprising. Did the Ming Dynasty know about infighting? As a result, Shaowu regime only existed for one month, and it was wiped out by the Qing army going south, so Li Yong regime in Nanming became a veritable orthodoxy. Surprisingly, however, the Li Yong regime was the Nanming regime which was completely established by the remnants of Xiliang Army. The Great Western Army is Zhang's army and has always been the object that the Ming Dynasty wanted to destroy. Obviously, the Great Western Army has become the only main force of Nanming, and it must be said that the smile of fate is not small. He once ordered the governors Lin Jiading and Wu to lead troops to Sanshui, and set the emperor Chen as the imperial guard (not the prefect of Xijiang). On the 29th, in the west of the city, Tang Bing was defeated. 1On February 2nd, Jia met Tang Bing day and night in Haikou. Tang Bing is a big ship, burning Guizhou ships with rockets and fireballs from the southeast wind. Guibing landed three feet deep, the troops were trapped and the whole army was wiped out. Lin Jiading was shot, but only dozens of riders in Li Mingzhong survived. -"Wail Overseas" is in Li Yong court, and Sun Kewang, king of Qin, is in power in North Korea. He is also the boss of General Xisi, so he has always been uninterested in these college students in Nanming, so he killed more than a dozen college students in one breath. From then on, Sun Kewang clashed with the army of Li Dingguo, the king of Jin. As a result, Sun Kewang surrendered to the Manchu with his troops, which almost led to the fall of Guizhou. That's not all. After Sun Kewang left, Li Dingguo became the main force of Li Yong court. He fought fiercely and wrote to Zheng Chenggong, hoping to attack Guangdong with him in order to meet him smoothly. However, I sent many letters to Zheng Chenggong in succession, but Zheng Chenggong, who was full of promises, never fulfilled his promises. Li Dingguo had to give up his plan to attack Guangdong and withdraw from Yunnan. Zheng Chenggong certainly doesn't want to join hands with Li Dingguo at the moment, because after the merger, who is the head of the army? I don't know. Since then, Li Dingguo's sworn brother, Liu Wenxiu, the king of Shu in Nanming, has been asking Emperor Li Yong to sit in Guizhou, which can inspire Nanming soldiers to serve the country. Emperor Li Yong had the same idea, but Li Dingguo expressed strong opposition and even wrote to ask for retirement. Li Dingguo made it clear that if Emperor Li Yong went to Guizhou, Liu Wenxiu might replace Li Dingguo in Nanming. However, when Li Yong was in Guizhou, it was the best way for Nanming to recover the world. As a result, the patriotic general Li Dingguo captured Liu Wenxiu alive. He even withdrew all the troops from Guizhou to Yunnan, making it easy for the Qing Dynasty to get Guizhou. Soon after, Nanming's army was losing ground, which led to the final defeat. Emperor Li Yong even fled to Myanmar to survive, and was finally caught by Wu Sangui and strangled in front of Dianchi Lake. Visible officialdom infighting, for Ming, is absolutely fatal. Summary and reflection: If Nanming does not fight, there are at least four good opportunities to make a comeback. During the reign of Hong Guang, if the warlords in the four towns had not killed each other and defended Nanking, the Hong Guang regime would not have perished so soon. They have at least150,000 troops, not small troops, and can completely compete with many troops. If you add Zhang Mingzhen and Zhang Huangyan's troops, you can definitely turn the tide and save at least half of the south. During the period of Emperor Longwu, if Zheng Zhilong and He Tengjiao did not choose to kill each other, the hope of the Northern Expedition of Emperor Longwu's regime was very great. Zheng Zhilong has 150,000 troops and He Tengjiao has 150,000 troops. Are very powerful local governors, fully capable of fighting the Qing army in World War I. In the early days of Li Yong, if Sun Kewang did not choose to fight Li Ding at home, then he was in charge of the government affairs in Guizhou and Yunnan, and Li Dingguo was in charge of the Northern Expedition and territorial expansion. Then they will be able to cooperate tacitly, so as to recover the Nanming regime. At least it is not a problem to include the southwest region in your hands. ? In the later period of Li Yong, if Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu can cooperate, then Liu Wenxiu will be in charge of supervising Guizhou's division and Li Dingguo will be in charge of marching into Hunan and Hubei, then there is still hope for the Northern Expedition, and Nanming can at least keep half of the country. Unfortunately, this did not happen. In front of the powerful Manchu iron hoof, the Nanming regime is like a grain of sand. Behind the seemingly powerful, there are countless inner struggles. This reminds me of the struggle between Dourgen and Hogg for the throne after the death of Huang Taiji. The two men chose to give up the throne for the sake of the country and the world and to avoid infighting. By comparison, we can know why Nan Ming died. References:

Ming History, Volume 274, Southeast Chronicle, Mourning Overseas, Nanming History.