Reaction equation of metallic sodium and excess oxygen in liquid ammonia?

I. Revenge of alkanes

I am an alkane who is afraid of light, and I know the pain of losing hydrogen, so I take halogenation to comfort hydrogen (alkane, mainly halogenation reaction, conditional light).

Second, the principle of olefins

I pay more attention to double bonds, so it is not difficult for me to replace them. I just need to install an alkane group to make me comfortable, without looking for him (olefins need to be substituted, usually halogenated, but they need to be connected with alkane groups to replace hydrogen on alkane groups), small bromine is close to me, and there is no need to add conditions (olefins have bromine addition reaction, so there is no need for conditions), hydrogen and hydrogen chloride, and they generally have little contact with me, so add. Shuizi and I are incompatible, and they want to turn me into alcohol, and then give pressure after catalytic heating (water needs catalyst and pressure to add double bonds)

One more thing needs to be explained. Usually people are busy and confused, and the polymerization of partners needs to be urged (olefins can be polymerized, usually polyaddition, provided that the catalyst works). Later, because of the crime, the bone was broken, the carbon without hydrogen was broken into ketone, the carbon with hydrogen was broken into acid, and the carbon with dihydrogen was turned into dry ice (the double bond will be oxidized when it meets potassium permanganate, and the potassium permanganate solution will fade). If there is no hydrogen on the carbon with double bonds, it will be oxidized.

Third, the persistence of acetylene.

Some people say that I care about alkynes, and I don't care who will replace them. I only remember that sodium amino, sodium and hydrogen will be exchanged under liquid ammonia (alkynes and NaNH2 will be replaced, which is generally not needed in high school).

Olefin and I have * * * knowledge, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride, addition must talk about conditions, catalytic heating is ok. Alkanes with the same olefin can only be changed (alkynes, when hydrogen and hydrogen chloride are added, the conditions are the same as olefins, and catalysts and heating are needed, and alkanes cannot be directly added). If you want to change alkanes, you should listen clearly. It is not difficult to change alkanes, and the catalytic heating remains unchanged. There are two other things that must be guaranteed. Halogen is only added to carbon containing more hydrogen (catalyst and heating conditions are needed to further change from olefin to alkane, and at the same time, when addition occurs, halogen atoms are added to carbon containing more hydrogen, and hydrogenation atoms are added to carbon containing less hydrogen). Later, carbon without hydrogen turned into carboxylic acid in the acid bath of potassium permanganate, and carbon with one hydrogen turned into dry ice (after oxidation of potassium permanganate, carbon with three bonds without hydrogen turned into carboxylic acid, and carbon with one hydrogen turned into dry ice).

Fourth, the pride of benzene.

I'm Ben, not stupid. If you want to halogenate my hydrogen, talk to me about ferric tribromide (if you want to halogenate benzene rings, you need ferric tribromide as a catalyst, which can only replace one hydrogen position). If you want to send refugees by hydrogenation, you can heat the good wine (if you add benzene by hydrogenation, one condition is heating, and the other condition is using Ni as catalyst). Nickel is a very precious metal, which is mainly used in stainless steel.

Five, the interesting thing about alcohol

Jianghu people call it Xiao JIU, and it's easy to discuss the change of people. If you want to replace hydroxyl hydrogen, you can exchange it with sodium (the hydroxyl hydrogen of alcohol can react with metal Na). Recently, you did an interesting thing I heard that there is oxygen on the copper volcano. I went to find out for myself, but I didn't know that it turned into aldehyde after drinking it, and my body was full of water. (Ethanol and oxygen are oxidized to aldehydes under the catalysis of heating and copper. The oxidation ability is extraordinary, so I don't want to try it. After a mess, I opened my eyes and turned into acetic acid. I saw one eye become two eyes (alcohol can be oxidized by potassium permanganate, which turns into acid, and one oxygen atom turns into two oxygen atoms). Later, because of the crime, I removed the bone and heated the concentrated acid, leaving a stream of water attached to me. I want to ask where this water comes from. The hydrogen of O carbon has added hydroxyl (alcohol will undergo elimination reaction, provided).

Sixth, the meaning of acid.

It's called acetic acid, and it's well known that alcohol and I combine to form aromatic esters. As everyone knows, the process of changing ester is really difficult. When heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is poured in, and the broken bones overlap to form fragrant ester. When I cut off the hydroxyl group, I cut off the hydrogen (under the same action of concentrated sulfuric acid and heating * * *, the acid and alcohol can undergo esterification reaction, the alcohol loses the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group, the acid loses the hydroxyl group in the carboxylic acid, and then the two are connected to form an ester).

Seven, gratitude to the ester

The story of fragrant ester is well known all over the world, and I know that alkyd is hard to come by. I want to change my body, and water will help me realize my wish. Alkyd is heated with dilute acid (ester and water can generate corresponding alcohol and acid when heated with dilute acid), and alkyd is reversible (esterification and ester hydrolysis are mutually reversible reactions). Alkali and alcohol have a deep friendship, and they are willing to fly away with me to change alcohol (never to return)

Eight, the benzene family helps each other.

I am born from the same root as benzene, and the world calls me toluene. I won't say much about hands-on help. I add nitro to benzol, and one to two neighbors. Heat it with concentrated acid. I won't bow my head

Toluene is a homologue of benzene and belongs to the benzene family. After methyl is attached to the benzene ring, the ortho-and para-hydrogen on the benzene ring become active, and both of them can be replaced by nitro groups to form trinitrotoluene. The reaction condition is heating with concentrated sulfuric acid. There are two things we can't do. Iron tribromide is halogenated, and hot wine is sent to the refugees (under the catalysis of iron tribromide, a hydrogen atom can still be halogenated on the benzene ring, and at the same time, under the catalysis of Ni, the addition reaction of hydrogen will still occur), but if light halogenation is used, don't touch my brother (halogenation will occur under the illumination condition, but the hydrogen on the methyl group will be replaced). My brother helped me realize my dream of acid. The acid bath of potassium permanganate turned me into benzoic acid as I wished, but if I didn't connect with hydrogen, it would be very difficult for Luo Shen to help me (toluene will be oxidized when it meets acidic potassium permanganate solution, and oxidation will occur on methyl, which will turn into formic acid, and the basic condition is that there must be H on the carbon directly connected to benzene ring).

Nine, halogenated hydrocarbons are naturally afraid of alkali.

The world calls me halogenated hydrocarbon, and I am most afraid of alkali fighters all my life. When alkaline water heats me, halogen becomes hydroxyl, and hydrocarbon becomes alcohol (halogenated hydrocarbon, in hot alkaline aqueous solution, will have a substitution reaction with water, halogen will be replaced by -OH in water, and H will combine with halogen to form acid and be neutralized with alkali to form salt). If it is an alkaline alcohol solution, heating will help to eliminate me, halogen will also eliminate o- hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons will become olefins to form salts (in a hot alkaline alcohol solution, halogenated hydrocarbons will undergo elimination reaction, and halogen and hydrogen on the carbon near the carbon atom connecting halogen will be removed from the molecule, forming a double bond between the two carbons).

X. Sigh of Phenol

The world calls me carbolic acid, and hydroxyl and even benzene are called phenol. Want to know who I am, ferric chloride will turn purple, that is, I (phenol, also called carbolic acid, is an organic matter formed by the direct connection of hydroxyl and benzene ring. To identify it, ferric chloride solution can be used. As long as you see the solution turn purple, it means phenol. Although the acidity is very weak, purple litmus is difficult to change color. I worship carbonic acid as my brother and bicarbonate as my brother (the acidity of phenol is very weak, which cannot change the color of purple litmus, and the acidity is weaker than carbonic acid and stronger than bicarbonate ion). Brother Ben suffered a lot because of me. Tribromo precipitates, and there are two pairs of one or three hydrogens in the ortho position (due to the action of phenolic hydroxyl group, the ortho position of benzene ring becomes extremely active and can replace the last three halogen atoms). A typical example is tribromophenol, which has two in the ortho position and one in the para position. Hydrogen and halogen combine to form an acid.

XI。 The uniqueness of aldehyde

The world knows me two things. First, the silver mirror is copper, and the front light will precipitate again. It is important to remember that reaction is important. (Aldehyde will react with silver ammonia solution in silver mirror:

R-CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH (heating) =R-COONH4+H2O+2Ag↓+3NH3, which reacts with the newly generated copper oxide: R-CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOH (heating) =RCOONa+Cu2O↓+ 3H2O), oxygen and I are close friends, and the acid is synthesized by catalytic heating. Under the conditions of nickel and heating, aldehyde can be reduced to alcohol.

Finally, I ended up with a college entrance examination question, hoping to help you.