What are the top ten tragedies in classical China and the top ten tragedies in the world and their brief contents?

1. Dou E's injustice-Guan Hanqing

Dou Eyuan is a zaju created by Guan Hanqing, a dramatist in Yuan Dynasty, and it was written in the tenth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1582).

The play tells the story of a weak widow, Dou E, who was framed by hooligans and beaten by a faint official. She was beaten to confess, became a murderer and was sentenced to beheading. Before his execution, Dou E was filled with grief and indignation, and made three vows: blood spilled everywhere, snow fell in June, and there was no drought for three years.

Sure enough, Dou E felt wronged and shook the earth, and the three vows were realized one by one.

2. Autumn color of Han Palace-Ma Zhiyuan

Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is a zaju created by Ma Zhiyuan, a writer in Yuan Dynasty.

The play tells the story that Emperor Han Yuan sent Mao Yanshou to the people to choose maids, and Mao Yanshou took the opportunity to enrich himself by taking bribes. Wang Zhaojun was humiliated by Mao Yanshou for refusing to bribe Mao Yanshou, so he was left out in the cold.

After inspecting the harem, Emperor Han Yuan happened to meet Wang Zhaojun, so he loved him and made him a princess. Mao Yanshou knew his guilt was inevitable, so he went to the Huns and presented a beautiful picture of Zhaojun in Uhaanyehe, which led Uhaanyehe to ask Zhaojun to be his wife in Yuan Di. If he doesn't do this, he will declare war on each other.

During the Han Dynasty, officials were afraid of the Huns and advised Yuan Di to give up what he had to give up in exchange for peace. Yuan Di was helpless, so he had to let Zhaojun go to the stronghold and personally see him off at Baqiao. After Emperor Han Yuan and Yuan Yuan returned to the palace, he felt extremely sad. However, Zhao Jun did not give up his motherland and drowned in the Heilongjiang River at the junction of Han and Fan.

3. Orphans in Xiang Jun, Zhao Ji

Orphan of Zhao is a zaju created in Yuan Dynasty, with a 50% discount and a wedge inserted.

The play tells the story that Zhao Dun, the prime minister of Jin State, was framed by General Tu'an Gu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and more than 300 people in his family were killed. In order to eradicate these weeds, it was ordered to search for Zhao's orphans nationwide. Zhao Jiake discussed the rescue with veteran Gongsun. In order to save, Princess Jin, Han Biao and Gong Sun gave their lives.

Twenty years later, Wu Zhao was brought up by Cheng Ying. He knew everything and said everything. He personally arrested and executed Tu'an Gu and finally avenged his family.

4. The Story of Pipa-Gao Zecheng

Pipa Story is a southern drama created by Gao Ming, a playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty. It is a classic in China's ancient operas and is known as the "legendary ancestor".

It tells the story of a scholar named Cai who wanted to live a happy life after marrying Zhao Wuniang, but his father Cai Gong refused. After being forced to top the exam, Abel was asked to marry the Prime Minister's daughter. Although she refused, the Prime Minister Niu did not comply. He didn't know that his parents died when there was a famine at home after he became an official. He missed his parents and wanted to resign and go home, which was rejected by the court. Zhao Wuniang begged all the way to Beijing to find a husband, finally found it, and finally got together.

5. Flag of Zhong Jing-Feng Menglong

The Banner of Zhong Jing tells the story of Yue Fei, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, who was killed by the traitor Qin Gui. It is an excellent tragic work in China's classical opera.

It tells the story of Yue Fei, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, who was murdered by the traitor Qin Gui. After Yue Fei, York was loyal and patriotic, and was determined to safeguard the faith of his ancestors. After obtaining the evidence, he could reverse the verdict for Yue Fei, but in order to save face, he finally destroyed the evidence with blood. This move touched the reigning emperor, restored the reputation of Yue family, followed the legacy of ancestors, showed filial piety, and left his name in history.

6. Jiao Hong Ji-Meng Chengshun

The Story of Jiao Hong is a legend (drama) created by Meng Chengshun in Ming Dynasty.

The play tells the story of a scholar, Shen Chun, who visits his mother's uncle Wang Wenrui. He falls in love with Nv Jiao's mother at first sight in Wen Rui and has a secret date. Shen Fu sent a matchmaker to propose marriage to the Wangs, but Wen Rui refused.

After Shen Sheng's scientific research, there was good news. Wen Rui promised Shen Sheng to marry Jiao Niang. The official's son wanted to marry Jiao Niang, but Wen Rui replaced Jiao Niang with Xu Shuai's son. Shen Sheng and Jiao Niang's painful strategy. Jiao Niang died of illness soon. Shen Sheng hanged himself and died of hunger strike after being rescued. Shen and Wang were buried together, and their souls turned into two birds flying on the grave.

7. Chunzhongpu-Li Yu

Qing Zhongpu is a legend (drama) created by Li Yu in Qing Dynasty, which was written in the seventeenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1660).

The play tells the story of Lindong Party's struggle against the brutal rule of Wei Zhongxian and other eunuchs in the late Ming Dynasty. Wei Zhongxian dominated the state affairs and acted arbitrarily. On the one hand, it attracts bureaucrats and politicians to regard him as an adopted son, so that they can build "shrines" and statues everywhere and establish their own prestige; On the one hand, it condones the persecution of people by party members and causes terror in the whole society.

Lin Dong, party member, Wei Guotuan and Zhou Shunchang were indignant and accused the current politics. As a result, they were arrested and imprisoned. Five people, including Yan, a Suzhou native, gathered for a petition because of indignation and destroyed the western tea garden. All of them were finally executed. Zhou Shunchang and other Lin Dong party member were also sentenced to death. It was not until Chongzhen Dynasty reused the Party members that Wei Party was defeated and benevolence and righteousness were maintained.

8. The Palace of Eternal Life-Hongsheng

The Palace of Eternal Life is a legend (drama) created by Hong Sheng, a playwright in the early Qing Dynasty, with a total of two volumes. The play was finalized in the 27th year of Kangxi (1688).

In the first half, I wrote the story of Tang and Yang Guifei, the vows of the Eternal Life Hall, the Anshi Rebellion, the change of Ma Su and the death of Yang Guifei.

The second half is mostly taken from rumors in unofficial history. After the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong missed the imperial concubine and sent people to heaven and earth to look for her soul everywhere. Yang Guifei also deeply missed Tang and repented her sins before her death. Their sincerity touched the sky. With the help of Weaver Girl and others, they finally reunited in the Moon Palace.

9. Peach Blossom Fan-Kong Renshang

Peach Blossom Fan is a legendary play by Confucius, a writer in Qing Dynasty. It was completed in June in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1699) and first published in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708).

Peach Blossom Fan is a story that happened in Nanjing in the late Ming Dynasty. The drama focuses on the joys and sorrows of Li and shows the social reality of Nanjing in the late Ming Dynasty. At the same time, it also reveals the reasons for the decline of Hong Guang's regime, praises the national heroes and the people at the bottom who are loyal to the country, and shows the pain of the Ming Dynasty adherents' national subjugation.

10. Leifeng Tower-Fang Chengpei

Leifeng Pagoda is a legend (drama) created by Fang Chengpei in Qing Dynasty. Published in the thirty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong (177 1).

"Leifeng Tower" 34 is about a white snake essence who has been practicing for thousands of years. Because of her nostalgia for worldly life, she turned into a beautiful woman and came to Hangzhou to marry a Xu Manxuan. She devoted herself to love and happiness without any harm, but was persecuted by some social forces and theocratic forces, and was finally suppressed by Zen master Fahai under the Leifeng Tower.

Ten classic tragedies in the world:

Prometheus (Aeschylus, ancient Greece)

This paper mainly tells the story of Prometheus, a great friend of mankind, who spared the cruel punishment of Zeus, the father of the gods, and gave fire to mankind in order to help mankind live a warm and happy life. It expresses people's praise, admiration and gratitude for Prometheus' heroic behavior.

The focus of the story is two parts: Prometheus brought fire to mankind and taught mankind to coexist with fire. He endured all kinds of torture from Zeus and remained strong and unyielding. The story is strong and the language is vivid and touching.

2. King Oedipus (Sophocles, ancient Greece)

King Oedipus is a drama written by Sophocles, an ancient Greek writer, which was staged in about 43 1 year BC. The drama King Oedipus, based on the story of Oedipus killing his father and marrying his mother in Greek mythology, shows a typical Greek tragic conflict-the conflict between man and fate.

Oedipus is brilliant, patriotic and selfless. In the face of fate, he didn't bend his knees or beg for help, but rose to fight and tried to escape the prophecy of "God's revelation".

Then, he guessed the banshee mystery and saved people from harm. Finally, in order to save the people's plague, he desperately tracked down the murderer of the former king. Once the truth came out, he dared to take responsibility and volunteered to exile him.

3. Medea (euripides, ancient Greece)

Medea is a woman in Greek mythology, the daughter of Ides, king of Corcas. She fell in love with Argo's hero Jason at first sight and used magic to help him get golden fleece. They eloped by boat. Jason moved on after returning to China, and Medea was extremely sad and resentful. She and Jason killed her two children, poisoned his new love and fled to Athens.

4. Othello (Shakespeare, England)

Othello, one of the four tragedies created by william shakespeare, was written in 1603. The play premiered at Whitehall Palace in London on June 1 604+065438+1October1.

Othello was a brave general in Venice. He fell in love with the senator's daughter Desdemona. Because the age difference is too big, this marriage is not allowed, so we have to get married in private.

Othello has a sinister flag bearer Iago who wants to get rid of Othello. First, he tipped off the senator just to get married. He also provoked the feelings between Othello and Desdemona, saying that another assistant, Cassio, had an unusual relationship with Desdemona and forged the so-called love oath.

Othello believed it and strangled his wife in a rage. Knowing the truth, he drew his sword, committed suicide with remorse and fell beside Desdemona.

5. Uncle Vanya (Chekhov, Russia)

Uncle Vanya is a four-act rural life sitcom created by Russian playwright Chekhov.

The story happened on a farm in Russia.

Selebryakov, the owner of the farm and a retired professor, returned to the countryside with his beautiful second wife, yelena. The arrival of yelena also aroused the inner ripples of Uncle Vanya, the farm manager, and Astrov, the village doctor.

Uncle Vanya, who regards the professor as an idol, has been working diligently on the farm for 25 years, supporting the professor's brother-in-law and pinning his youth and ideals on the professor. Unexpectedly, he finally found out that the professor was just a selfish mediocrity, and the angry uncle Vanya almost shot and killed the professor.

6. Thunderstorm (ostrovsky, Russia)

Thunderstorm is the representative work of Russian playwright ostrovsky. Five acts of tragedy. Written in 1859, it was the climax of Russia's struggle against serfdom.

Katerina, the heroine of the story, is naive and kind, but she has lost her smile since she married kabanov, because her mother-in-law abused her all day and scolded her in front of her son. Kabanov obeyed her strict mother and was content to find comfort in the glass. Helpless, katerina often ran to the Volga River to cry alone.

By the river, she met Boris, a young man who was often abused by his elders. They are in the same boat, from mutual comfort to love. Afraid of God's punishment, katerina confessed to her mother-in-law and her husband and got a beating. When Boris refused to help her, Cajalina had only one way out: to throw herself into the river.

7. Conspiracy and Love (Schiller, Germany)

Conspiracy and Love is a famous play by Schiller, an outstanding German dramatist in the18th century.

The story tells that Louise, the daughter of an ordinary violinist, and the son of the Prime Minister are deeply in love. However, this love ended in the tragedy of their death under the intrigue between the hierarchical society and the imperial court.

8. Egmont (Goethe, Germany)

Egmont is based on the history of Dutch people's resistance to Spain in the 6th century.

The hero of the play, Count Egmont, was the commander-in-chief of the Dutch national revolution in the 6th century. He is one of the national heroes and leaders who fought against Spain's foreign rule and oppression and fought for national independence. Due to the treachery of the Spanish governor in Holland, he was arrested and sentenced to death, and the whole play ended in tragedy.

9. Andlau Maher (Racine, French)

Andromache is the work of jean racine, a representative figure of classical tragedy.

The play tells the story of the unity of love and reason in Androma. She misses Hector and wants to stay awake for her dead husband. She loves her son and wants to save orphans for hector. Her feelings are strong and beyond reproach. At the same time, she is highly rational.

When her entreaties could not move Pilars's heart of stone, and her son was about to die by the sword of the Greeks, she was determined to sacrifice her virginity and save her son's life. She promised to marry Pilars and asked him to swear to take her son as his own and help him rebuild Troy. She was determined to commit suicide under Pilars's oath to save her son and her virginity.

10. Sid (French Gao Naiyi)

Sid, the first French classical drama, was adapted from Spanish history.

In the story, Don Roddick and Schmanna fell in love, but the father of the lovers quarreled because the king chose the owner of the prince. When couples are lovers, Schmanna's father simply slaps each other.

Don Roddick's father ran home and explained what happened to his son. The son's heart suddenly contradicted, and his father's revenge must be reported, but the other party is the lover's father. Do you want a father or a lover? Finally, he found Schmanna's father and killed his lover's father in a duel.

His father was killed by his lover, and Smana was extremely ambivalent. She decided to ask the king to kill Don Roddick. Just as she made up her mind, Don Roddick asked Seaman to kill him with the sword in his hand.

In the end, Don Roddick won the battle with the Moors, and Shimana forgave him for loving Don Roddick deeply.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ten Tragedies in Ancient China

Baidu Encyclopedia-Top Ten Classic Tragedy Stories in the World