What does the abstract say?

According to the academic hall, the abstract is an indispensable part of every paper, whether it is the title of the paper or his graduation thesis. So what is abstraction? In other words, the abstract is an indispensable part of the paper. Based on the summary of the paper, it summarizes the full text in simple, easy-to-understand and incisive language, leaves the trunk to the branches and leaves, and extracts the main information, author's views, main contents, research results and original opinions of the paper to be reflected in the abstract. In order to facilitate indexing and retrieval, to be included in a large database and to provide information for others, the abstract of the paper should be written in the third person and should be an independent essay. The following is a brief introduction to how to write the abstract of undergraduate graduation thesis. Welcome to refer to.

First, the basic requirements of undergraduate thesis abstracts

Thesis abstracts are divided into Chinese abstracts and foreign abstracts (usually English). In terms of space limitation, Chinese abstracts usually do not exceed 300 words, English abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words, and Chinese and English abstracts should be consistent.

Second, how to write the abstract of undergraduate graduation thesis

1. Number of words in the abstract

The number of words required is between 300 and 400.

2. Basic specifications of abstracts

(1) should be written in the third person. Abstract is a complete essay, which is independent and can be used alone. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and viewpoints, the purpose of the paper, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research.

(2) The narrative is complete, the logic is highlighted, and the structure of the essay is reasonable.

(3) the text should be concise and to the point, and redundant words are not allowed. We should adopt the method of direct expression, without unnecessary literary embellishment, and provide the most information with the least number of words.

(4) Special characters, charts and mathematical expressions composed of special characters are not used in the abstract, and examples cannot be cited.

3. The content of the abstract consists of four elements: purpose, method, object and conclusion.

(1) Objective: The scope, purpose and importance of graduation thesis research.

(2) Methods: What research methods were used in the graduation thesis?

(3) Results: State the research results of graduation thesis.

(4) Conclusion: The important conclusions and main viewpoints obtained through the study of the problem (omitted.

4. English abstract writing and vocabulary

(1) Summary (about 30 words): Summarize the contents of the paper in the most concise language. For example, this paper is … or the focus of this study is …

(2) Purpose (about 30 words): Only use To…, there is no need to use a longer expression such as for or for.

(3) Method (about 50 words): Explain the operation steps as concretely as possible, and pay attention to the use of tenses. Commonly used words are: test, study, investigation, investigation, analysis, measurement, application and so on.

(4) Result (about 50 words): Put the result directly into the topic, as shown in this article … or the result is …

(5) Conclusion (about 60 words): Delete the redundant words like "The research results show that ……" and list the conclusions one by one.

(6) Outlook (about 20 words): Point out the significance of the research to the future, such as the significance of this article in …, or point out the shortcomings.

Step 5 sound

Normative academic articles usually use passive voice to highlight information. However, due to the clearer expression of active voice, active voice is now required in some places.

6. people

It's best not to use first-person pronouns such as me and us, but to use a third person such as the author.

7. Tense

The simple present tense is the main tense, which represents an objective law existing in nature. Under special circumstances, the simple past tense or the present perfect tense can be used to indicate the conclusion in a certain range or the continuity of a certain process. The simple past tense is usually used to describe specific actions and the simple present tense is usually used to summarize main results.

Third, summary.

Abstract is the epitome of the full text, and it is also an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper. Sketch the whole face of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text. 250 to 300 words is more appropriate. Not too much, not too short.