Meng Chang's Original _ Translation and Appreciation

Meng Chang [Chang] (July 12, 919-965), born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), was the third son of Meng Zhixiang, the great-grandfather of Houshu, and the last emperor of Houshu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Meng Chang's political action

anecdotes and allusions about Confucianism

Spring Festival couplets

Spring Festival couplets are the product of the combination of China literature and China folk customs. It is generally believed that Spring Festival couplets began in the Five Dynasties. "Shu Konglang" contains: "Shu did not return to the year before the Song Dynasty, except for the Japanese, and asked the bachelor Xin Yinxun to write a peach symbol on the bedroom door. With his words, he pretended to write a cloud: New Year's Qing Yu, Jiajie number Changchun." This is probably the earliest recorded Spring Festival couplets.

In the Spring Festival of 1964, Meng Chang made this alliance. In 1965, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu sent troops to unify Houshu, abducted Meng Chang and others, and appointed Lv Yuqing as the local governor of Chengdu (formerly the capital of Houshu). In addition, in the first year of Jianlong (96), Song Taizu named its birthday on February 16th of the lunar calendar "Long Spring Festival", which is called "Holy Festival". When Meng Chang surrendered to Song Dynasty, it was the birthday of Song Taizu. Whether this situation is a coincidence with couplet, or whether it is known in advance, can not be tested today. However, this pair of Spring Festival couplets written by Meng Chang has left an important page in the history of the development of China couplets, but it is undeniable.

Official Proverbs

When Meng Chang was in power, the four seas were peaceful, and the country was peaceful and the people were safe. However, in view of the previous experience of Wang Yan, the former monarch of the dynasty, who died because of corruption in official administration, he wrote this inspiring official Proverbs in the fourth year of Guangzheng in Houshu (941) and awarded it to the county, in order to make the officials "vividly remember" and "will certainly be hidden in their hearts". Meng Chang wrote "Official Proverbs" in 1941 with 24 sentences and 96 words: < P > I miss the naked child and eat the night clothes. Ask the commander to raise Ansui. Politics lies in three differences, and Tao lies in seven threads. Driving chickens is the principle, leaving calves is the rule. Wide and fierce gains, customs can be moved. Don't cut it, don't make it scarred. People are easy to abuse, but heaven is hard to bully. Fu Yu is cut, and the military state is capital. My knighthood will not exceed the time limit. Pay your salary, the people cream the people fat. Being a parent is unkind. Specially for the sake of warning, I think deeply.

Huang Tingjian, a poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was ordered by the imperial court to write a 16-character inscription, the text content of which was taken from Meng Chang's Official Proverbs: "Pay your salary, the people's cream. It is easy for the people to abuse, but it is difficult for God to bully. " It means that the salaries received by officials are the blood and sweat of ordinary people. Although the people are easy to bully, nature is hard to tolerate. This inscription was distributed to all counties, carved into a stone tablet, called "Jieshi", and stood in the lobby of the government office, warning officials to be honest, self-denial and love for the people. This incident has been passed down as a much-told story by later generations.

a good prescription

Meng Chang had a good prescription, but her mother was ill, and she was often too ill to cure, so she made her own prescription bait and got better. When the ministers are ill, they are called for consultation, and the medical officer is obedient. Han Baosheng, a bachelor of Hanlin, was asked to take the Newly Revised Materia Medica and the Illustrated Classics for proofreading and editing, with a little annotation, which became 2 volumes of Shu Materia Medica (that is, the Materia Medica of Chongguang Yinggong), which was lost, and his lost articles were included in the Materia Medica of Syndrome, etc.

Meng Chang is also revered as the deity Zhang Xian in Taoism. According to legend, he is a handsome man, with a bow in his left hand and a bullet in his right hand, who can subdue the tengu to eat children on earth. Because his "bullet" is homophonic with "birthday", it implies the meaning of "birth", so Zhang Xian has become the deity specializing in the birth of delivering children on earth.

I was advised that coachable

Meng Chang likes to play ball and ride horses, and he is good at the alchemist's house. He chooses many good women to enrich the harem. Han Baozhen, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, earnestly remonstrated, and Meng Chang realized that he would send out the selected good girl that day and give Wang Baozhen several Jin of gold. Someone wrote that officials in Taiwan Province should choose honest officials. Meng Chang sighed and said, "Why not mention specific people?" Meng Chang said, "I think when Emperor Taizong first ascended the throne, Sun Fujia, the jailer, accepted everything he wrote. Why did you persuade me to refuse to remonstrate?" Life

Born in Meng Chang, Taiyuan

, he was the third son of Meng Zhixiang, the great-grandfather of Houshu. Mother Lee, originally a concubine of Li Cunxu in the later Tang Dynasty, was given to Meng Zhixiang by Li Cunxu. On November 14th, 919 (Tianyou was the title of the Tang Dynasty in the 16th year of the later Tang Dynasty, which was adopted by Li Cunxu), Li gave birth to Meng Chang in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi). When Meng Zhixiang was guarding Shu, Meng Chang and his mother Li entered Shu with Meng Zhixiang's wife Qionghua princess royal. When Meng Zhixiang was appointed our time in Sichuan, he took Meng Chang as the marching Sima.

enthroned as emperor

In the first month of 934 AD (the first year of Qing Tai in the later Tang Dynasty), Meng Zhixiang proclaimed himself emperor, and Meng Chang was appointed as our envoy in Dongchuan, and he was in charge of making peace with Zhongshu. In July of the same year, Meng Zhixiang was seriously ill, and on July 26th, Meng Chang was appointed as the Crown Prince, acting as the agent of state affairs. That night, Meng Zhixiang died, and the secret didn't mourn. The Tang Dynasty envoy Wang went back to Sikong and Tong Zhongshu's Pingzhang Zhao Jiliang to cry. Zhao Jiliang said seriously: "Now that the buffer region has a heavy army and is waiting for the situation to change, it is useless to cry because it should quickly establish a successor." Wang Chuhui and Zhao Jiliang made up their minds to make Meng Chang emperor, and then sent out obituary. Meng Chang acceded to the throne, without changing the Yuan Dynasty, and still called the title of Mingde. It was not until 938 AD that the title was changed to Guangzheng.

I was advised that coachable

Meng Chang likes to play ball and ride horses, and he is good at the alchemist's house. He chooses many good women to enrich the harem. Han Baozhen, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, earnestly remonstrated, and Meng Chang realized that he would send out the selected good girl that day and give Wang Baozhen several Jin of gold. Someone wrote that officials in Taiwan Province should choose honest officials. Meng Chang sighed and said, "Why not mention specific people?" Meng Chang said, "I think when Emperor Taizong first ascended the throne, Sun Fujia, the jailer, accepted everything he wrote. Why did you persuade me to refuse to remonstrate?"

Killing the minister to bully

When Meng Chang was young, he didn't personally handle political affairs, but the ministers were old friends of Meng Zhixiang's. Meng Zhixiang was generous and indulgent, and they were more arrogant and unruly in treating Meng Chang, failing to abide by the law and discipline system, building houses, robbing people of fertile land and digging graves, especially Li Renhan and Zhang Ye. Meng Chang ascended the throne for several months, arrested Li Renhan and killed him, exterminating his family. At that time, Li Zhao came to the DPRK from the town, holding a cane, saying that he was sick and could not worship. When he heard of Li Renhan's death, he immediately put down his cane and fell to the ground.

Eradicate the old minister

In 946 AD (the ninth year of Guangzheng), Zhao Jiliang died, and Zhang Ye became more authoritarian. Zhang Ye is Li Renhan's nephew. When Li Renhan was killed, Zhang Yezheng was in charge of the imperial army, and Meng Chang was afraid of his rebellion, so he became prime minister. Zhang Yezheng also served as a judge, set up a prison at home, and used the cruel criminal law to extort money from the people of Houshu, and the people hated him very much. In 948 AD (the 11th year of Guangzheng), Meng Chang and Kuang Sheng's commander An Siqian designed to arrest Zhang Ye and put him to death. Wang Chu-hui and Zhao Ting-yin stopped talking one after another, and since then, all the old ministers have disappeared. Meng Chang began to lead the government, set a letter in the court, and accepted letters from his subjects to understand the situation.

After the restoration of Xinjiang to become a king

At that time, the state of Liao destroyed the late Jin Dynasty, and Liu Zhiyuan, the great ancestor of the later Han Dynasty, rose to Taiyuan. There were many troubles in the Central Plains, and He Jian, a male military force, joined the three states of Qin, Cheng and Jie, and Meng Chang sent Sun Hanshao to capture Fengzhou, thus completely restoring the territory of Wang Yanshi, a former Shu. Zhao Siwan, the generals of the later Han Dynasty, rebelled against Fengxiang according to Yongxing and Wang Jingchong, and all of them joined Meng Chang. Meng Chang sent Zhang Qianzhao out of the Great Sanguan Pass, He Jian out of Longyou, and Li Tinggui out of the Meridian Valley, echoing Zhao Siwan. Meng Chang's prime minister, Zhao Zi, earnestly remonstrated and thought it was impossible. However, Meng Chang was determined to capture Guanzhong, so he sent An Siqian to send more troops eastward. Soon, Zhao Siwan and Jingchong Wang were killed in the later Han Dynasty, and Zhang Qianzhao and others all went on strike. An Siqian was ashamed of his futility, killing more foot soldiers to intimidate everyone. Meng Chang and Hanlin made Wang Zao design and kill An Siqian. However, the border officials had an urgent play, and Wang Zao did not report it in time and opened it without authorization. Meng Chang was angry. When an Siqian was killed, Wang Zao was also beside him, so he was caught and beheaded together.

In 949 AD (the 12th year of Guangzheng), Meng Chang set up three official posts and two ceremonial posts. In 95 AD (13th year of Guangzheng), Meng Zengjia was honored as "Emperor Ruiwen Yingwuren Shengmingxiao". Meng Xuanzhe, the eldest son, was named King of Qin and sentenced to six military positions. The second son, Meng Xuanxuan, praised the king; My younger brother, Meng Renyi, was King Kui, Meng Renzhi was King Ya, Meng Renyu was King Peng, and Meng Rencao was King Jia.

Last week, it attacked

955 AD (the 18th year of Guangzheng), and then Chai Rong, Zhou Shizong, sent troops from Qin Zhou to attack Houshu. Meng Chang sent Han Jixun as our envoy to the Xiongwu Army. When he heard that Zhou Jun was coming to attack, he sighed and said, "Where can Han Jixun stop Zhou Bing?" Zhao Ji Zha, the envoy of the guest province, asked for permission, and sent Zhao Ji Zha as the ambassador of Qin Zhou. Zhao Ji Zha went to Deyang, and when he heard that Zhou Bing had arrived, he immediately rushed back to report. Meng Chang asked him, and Zhao Ji Zha was too scared to say a word. Meng Min was so angry that he killed him and immediately sent Gao Yanzhen and Li Tinggui out of the hall to fight Zhou Jun. Gao Yan was defeated and retreated to Qingni, so the four states of Qin, Cheng, Jie and Feng were occupied by Zhou Jun again. Meng Chang was afraid, and sent messengers to Southern Tang and Northern Han to make contact.

In 957 AD (the 2th year of Guangzheng), Zhou Shizong returned the captured Shu army, and Meng Chang also sent the captured Zhou Hu Li to Beijing and wrote a letter to Zhou Shizong. Later, Zhou Shizong thought that Meng Chang had no courtiers' etiquette, so he was very angry and didn't reply.

in 958 ad (the 21st year of Guangzheng), the later Zhou dynasty attacked Nantang and captured fourteen states in Huainan, and all countries were afraid. Jingnan Gao Baorong greeted Meng Chang with a book to return to Zhou, and Meng Chang stopped returning to Zhou because he had written to Hou Zhou Shizong before and didn't get a reply. Meng Xuanbao, the youngest son of Meng Chang, died at the age of seven. It is often said that it is not good to offer sacrifices after the death of a king and an official. Meng Chang asked Li Hao what to do. Li Hao said: "In the past, Li Ping, the son of Tang Dezong, died at the age of four, and was posthumously awarded the Yangzhou viceroy and sealed the king of Su. This is a past example." Meng Chang then posthumously awarded Meng Xuanbao as the governor of Qingzhou, and pursued the title of King.

National subjugation and surrender

In 962 (twenty-five years of Guangzheng), Meng Chang made the son of Qin Wang Meng Xuanzhe the Crown Prince. Meng Chang was lucky to be born in the Jin and Han Dynasties, and there were many things in the Central Plains, so he was able to take advantage of the danger. Both the monarch and the minister enjoyed luxury, and even the drowning utensils were decorated with seven treasures. With the rise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jing and Tan have been captured, and even more afraid, Sun Yu, a great official, was sent to the Northern Han Dynasty with wax pill books, meeting with * * * to send troops to obstruct the reunification activities of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Sun Yu was caught by border officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin therefore sent Wang Quanbin and Cui Yanjin out of Fengzhou, Guang Liu and Cao Bin out of the state; Eight imperial edicts were issued to build more than 5 houses for Meng Chang in the south of the right gate and near the Bianshui River, so as to provide complete accounts and sundries for Meng Chang's surrender.

Meng Chang sent Wang Zhaoyuan and Zhao Yantao to resist. The army had just set off from Chengdu, and Meng Chang sent Li Hao and others to give a banquet to see him off. Wang Zhaoyuan took the iron to command the military, compared himself with Zhuge Liang, and was full of wine. He said to Li Hao, "Where did I just resist the enemy this time? It's easy for me to take the Central Plains with these 2, or 3, carved children! " Meng Chang also sent his son Meng Xuanzhe to lead tens of thousands of chosen men to guard the sword gate. Meng Xuanzhe took Aiji by car, set out with musical instruments and dozens of performers. Shu people secretly laughed when they saw it. Wang Quanbin to Sanquan met Wang Zhaoyuan and defeated him. Wang Zhaoyuan burned the Jibai River pontoon bridge and retreated to Jianmen. The head of the army told Tao to listen to the prisoners of the Shu army: "Come to the Su path and meet the road from the Qingqiang store on the south side of Jianmen." Wang Quanbin sent Shi Yande an adventurous way to Su Alley, north Fencing Gate, and attacked Wang Quanbin. Wang Zhaoyuan and Zhao Yantao failed and were captured. Meng Xuanzhe heard the news of Wang Zhaoyuan's defeat and fled back to Chengdu.

When Guang Liu attacked Kuizhou, the garrison commander Gao Yanzhuo was defeated and refused to defend it. Judge Luo Ji advised him to withdraw. Gao Yanzhuo said, "I couldn't defend Qinchuan before, but now I retreat. Although the monarch won't kill me, how can I face the Shu people!" He also advised him to surrender, but Gao Yanzhen refused, so he set himself on fire and died. The Shu soldiers fled, and most of the generals were captured. Meng Chang asked about it, and veteran Shi Qi thought that Song Jun was far away and could not last long, so he should gather troops and wait for Dongbing to get tired. Meng Chang sighed and said, "My first emperor and I have been cultivating scholars with warm clothes and delicious food for forty years. Once we are in the face of the enemy, we can't put an arrow to the east for me. Although we want to stick to it, who can keep it for me?" Li Hao was ordered to write a watch and surrender to the Northern Song Dynasty. Later Shu perished, which was in the first month of 965 (the third year of Gande). It was sixty-six days from Song Jun's attack on Shu to Meng Chang's surrender. At the beginning, Li Hao was an academician of Wang Yan, a former Shu emperor. When Wang Yan died, Li Hao wrote a drop table for him, and now he writes a drop table for Meng Chang. Shu people wrote "The World Repairs the Li Family" on his door at night, which was passed down as a joke at that time.

After Meng Chang surrendered to the Northern Song Dynasty, tens of thousands of people in Chengdu risked their lives to see him off on the way from Chengdu to the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan). People cried and saw him off, and men, women and children escorted him along the river. Among them, hundreds of people cried bitterly, and Meng Chang also covered their faces with pain. The people have been sent from Chengdu to Key County for hundreds of kilometers. The scene was very touching. Family members

Parents

Father: Meng Zhixiang, great-grandfather of Houshu

Mother: Li

Empress

Zhang Taihua

Imperial concubine Xu (Mrs. Hua Rui), Xu guozhang's daughter

zhao rong Li yanniang

her son

her eldest son, Crown Prince Meng Xuanzhe

her second son praised Wang Meng Xuanxuan

her youngest son, Wang Meng Xuanbao

her daughter, Meng Shi, married Yi Chongdu

Meng Shi, the son of Yi Shenzheng, and married Han Baozheng. The curtain opens the bright moon to peep at people alone, and the pillow is covered with clouds and temples. When I got up, Qionghu was silent, and I saw the sparse stars crossing the river. When will the west wind come, I am afraid that the time will change secretly. -Meng Chang's "Work on the Summer Maha Pool" in the Tang Dynasty

jade bone, who works as an ice muscle on the Summer Maha Pool, is clear without sweat, and the wind in the water temple is dark and fragrant and warm. The curtain opens the bright moon to peep at people alone, and

the pillow and hairpin are in chaos. When I got up, Qionghu was silent, and I saw the sparse stars crossing the river.

when will the west wind come? I'm afraid it will change secretly in the next year. Jade bone, the ice muscle, has no sweat, and the water temple is full of fragrance. Embroidered curtains peep at people at one o'clock in the month, and the pillows and hairpins are in chaos. When I get up, I am silent, and I see the stars crossing the river. When will the west wind come, I am afraid that the time will change secretly. -Meng Chang's "Magnolia" in the Tang Dynasty

jade bone, the ice muscle of magnolia, is clear without sweat, and the water temple is full of fragrance. Embroidered curtains peep at people at one o'clock in the month,

pillows and hairpins cross clouds and temples ?

When I wake up, I can see the stars crossing the river. When will the west wind come,

I'm afraid it will change in secret.