Briefly describe the development and change of literati painting style in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Jiaqing Hanfu Letu first talks about painting in Qing Dynasty.

The early Qing Dynasty was famous for the paintings of "Six Masters" and "Four Monks".

The "Six Masters" include the "Four Kings" and Wu and Yun.

The "Four Heavenly Kings" are Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang and Wang Hui.

Wang Shimin (1592 1680) was born in Loudong, Taicang, Jiangsu Province, and his grandfather was the Historical Records of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Jian (1598 1677), Zi Zhao Yuan, Elephant trunk, Wang Shimin.

Brothers and sisters' sons and nephews. They all studied under the Ming Dynasty painter Dong Qichang, and they were all landscape painters. Wang Shimin, Daoguang's "Ancient Pictures of Love Singing Sword", studied under Huang Yuan and Wang Gong, and his masterpiece is "Falling Wood and Cold Spring".

Cloud Valley Smoke Beach Map and so on. Wang Shimin is tireless in teaching and thirsty for knowledge, and is "the leader of a generation of painting gardens". Wang Jian took Dong Yuan, a famous painter in the Five Dynasties, and Ju Ran, a famous painter in the Southern Tang Dynasty as cases. His masterpiece is Dream.

Map and Summer Mountain Map are comparable to Wang Shimin. Wang (1642 17 15), also known as the grandson of Wang Shimin. When I was young, I studied painting from my grandfather, and I learned from the yellow method. I have a unique heart in the light crimson method.

Yes, I won the approval of my grandfather. When Kangxi was a scholar, he was tired of being an official and assistant minister. Kangxi often recruited him to paint in the temple, identify the famous places in the inner government, and served as the president of painting and calligraphy and the president of Kangxi Wanshou. He used to be a painter in China.

Editor-in-chief of Pei Wenzhai's Calligraphy and Painting Spectrum, with representative works such as Dream Map and Summer Mountain Map. Wang Yi (1632 17 17) was born in Yushan, Changshu, Jiangsu. Wang Shimin and Wang Jian have seen him.

Being able to create, taking him to travel around, and showing cheats, guiding for nearly 20 years, finally realized. Wang Yi imitates the brushwork of Yuan people and has the bearing of Tang people. His landscape paintings are either magnificent or concrete.

, unique composition. Representative works include "Mangrove Map of Xishan Mountain" and "Imitating the Xiajing Mountain Mouth of Dongyuan". In the mid-Kangxi period, the palace was to be enshrined in cloth. He founded Kang Xi 'an in cooperation with his student Jin Yang.

Tourist map. The picture is 300 meters long and has more than 20,000 words, which has high historical and artistic value. At the end of each year, Wang Yi will give 65,438+0 paintings to his host and guests in exchange for furs. Some people like his works.

The buyer immediately prepares the money to buy it. Qian, Wu, Zhou Lianggong and others all praised Wang Yi's works. When he paints, he must use Xuan paper, heavy pen and top cigarette ink. He said, one is missing.

Sample, this is not enough to send the ancient gentleman Hunyi interest.

The technique of "Four Kings" is based on dry pen and thirst for ink. They imitate their predecessors and have no innovation. They belong to conservatives, but they are valued by the ruler big princess (the eldest daughter of Prince Gong).

, eldest brother

(Emperor Tongzhi) Night Fishing in the Lotus Pavilion was always based on their paintings in the Qing Dynasty, and its followers were very large until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

Yun Shou Ping (163 1690), whose real name is "Shou Ping", was born in Wujin, Jiangsu. The father is loyal and bright, and the cloud should not be raised, so he sells paintings to his adoptive father. Wang Meng, a landscape scholar in Yuan Dynasty, took mountains as an example.

Ink painting is conceited. He saw Wang Yi's paintings, but he couldn't compare with him, so he rewrote Sheng's painting of flowers and opened up a boneless painting method that worships thinking. The works are detached from things, fresh and vivid, and won the indifference and seclusion of Yuan people.

To. His representative works include "Shuang Qing Tu" and "Hua Shu". Hahnge is not only unique in painting, transcendent in poetic style, but also rich in calligraphy, and is known as "Three Wonders in the South".

Wu Li (1632 17 18) was born in Changshu, Mo Jing. Wang Shimin, who studied under Wang Yi, painted in different styles: Wang Yi painted beautifully, while Wu Li painted coldly. Wu Li's landscape paintings are also full of depth.

And three-dimensional sense. "Yuan people who prefer boys to girls are particularly stupid when they grow up. The mountains are stacked, the heart is alone, and the charm is depressed, and the biography of Wang Fengchang is won. " In his later years, Wu Li believed in Christianity and turned to western painting.

Cloudy, empty, different from usual.

"Four Monks" refers to Eight Monks, Shi Tao, Kun Can and Hong Ren. The styles of these painters are quite different from those of the "Four Heavenly Kings".

Zhu Da (1626 1705), whose real name is Lu Tong, was born in Badashan, Xue Ge, an imperial clan of Amin, and became a monk after entering the Qing Dynasty. Good landscape, good flowers and birds. Landscape painting was originally learned by Dong Qichang. After entering the Qing dynasty, it was easier to use the method and layout.

Dangerous and strange, sad mood. His representative works include Landscape Tong Jingping, Fish and Music, and Two Birds in Keshi. Flower-and-bird painting is anthropomorphic, simple and implicit. The Picture of Peacock and Peony is based on Peony Cliff.

Peacocks stand on the top of pebbles and paint, which reminds people of flowers on the heads of Qing officials and satirizes obedient slaves.

Shi Tao (1642 17 18), born in Quanzhou, Guangxi, whose real name is Zhu, the son of Zhu Shouqian, the king of Jingjiang in the Ming Dynasty (Shi Tao is often called "the descendant of Jingjiang" after painting), whose real name is Ruoji, whose real name is Shi Tao, and whose real name is Qingjian old man.

Bitter gourd monk, big polyester, etc. After Ming's death, he became a monk. Twice as a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, he greeted Kangxi by bus. Meticulous flowers, birds, orchids and bamboos, the characters are especially good at landscapes. The representative works of the former are Zhu Mo and.

Mo Hetu and Jiao Jutu, the representative figures are Sleeping Cow and Elegant Map in the West Garden, and the representative landscape works are Qiu Jietu in Huaiyang, Seeking the Wonder Peak and Splashing Landscape Volume.

. In his early years, Shi Tao studied under the Xin 'an Painting School in Anhui in the early Qing Dynasty and was deeply influenced by the painter Mei Qing in the early Qing Dynasty. Later, he created his own new method. "The Draft of Qing History" said that he "painted freely and took off his clothes."

Stereotype. "A Brief History of China Fine Arts" said: "Although Shi Tao's landscape is different from that of other artists, he suddenly created it by himself. It seems impossible, in fact, the ancient method is my method, with rich imagination, novel scenery and novel composition.

But pen and ink are full of natural and unrestrained artistic conception and high-spirited passion. "Said the king, Shi Tao should push. He is not as good as himself and Wang Hao.

Shi Tao's painting theory is very high, and the painting theory of Quotations of Bitter Melon and Monk Painting has a great influence.

Kun Can (16 12 1673), surnamed Liu, was born in Wuling, Hunan. Good people, flowers, especially long landscape paintings, take the method of princes and Wang Meng. Good at writing strange Austrian scenery and structure.

The picture is good, the mountains are heavy and the waters are complex, the bald pen is used well, and it contains a sense of ups and downs. Representative works include "Blue Sky Map" and "Cangshan Knot Map".

Hong Ren (16 10 1663) was born in Shexian County, Anhui Province. Students in the Ming Dynasty became monks after entering the Qing Dynasty and changed their names to Hong Ren. In his early years, he studied under the painter of Song Dynasty, and in his later years, he studied under the painter Ni Zan at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

. Good at landscape painting, good at painting yellow hills and pine stones, showing a lonely atmosphere and a strange and stubborn image, revealing the idea of not cooperating with the Qing dynasty. Representative works include Map of Ling Gang and Map of Xiaojiang and Bian Feng.

The difference between "Four Kings" and "Four Monks" is mainly conservative and innovative.

In the middle of Qing Dynasty (from the last years of Kangxi to Jiaqing), two painting centers appeared in Zheng Banqiao's bamboo and stone paintings: one was Jingzhou, and the other was Yangzhou.

The court painters in Beijing mainly create characters. Famous painters include Jiao Binggui, Lengmei and Ding. They draw more people: emperors, queens and so on. Italian painter Lang Shining used Western painting and

China pigments have created many figure paintings and flower-and-bird paintings.

During the Qianlong period, the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou mainly painted landscapes and figures. Zheng Xie (1693 1765) is good at painting orchids and plums, especially bamboo, in order to praise the breeze and show his detachment. represent

His works include Bamboo Map of Yazhai, Zhu Lan Tu and Ci Lan Tu, etc. Jin Nong (1687 1764) is good at landscapes, figures and flowers, especially painting plums. Painting landscapes makes the scenery simple,

Very interesting. If you draw people, your appearance is exaggerated. Representative works include Jade Pot Spring Color Map and Plum Blossom Map. Wang (1686 1759) painted plum-blossom daffodils beautifully, and the Spring Breeze Scented the Country Map and ""

Narcissus Lake is his masterpiece. Li Shan (1686 1762) is good at flowers, and her style of writing is vertical and horizontal. "Pine vine map" and "Earth wall iris map" have been handed down from generation to generation. Radix Scrophulariae (1687 1770)

) Good people, landscapes, flowers and birds. Painting with weeds is wanton, with smooth lines and great changes. (Ancient Painting and Calligraphy edited by Zhao Congcang). Cian's casual clothes are like "a painting that washes stones and holds inkstones"

"and" Drunk Sleeping "are handed down from generation to generation. Li (1695 1755) is good at drawing bamboo and turquoise, and he can also draw plums. There are memes, bamboos and fish tours handed down from ancient times. Landscape of Gao Xiang (1688 1752)

Draw a name, and the composition is concise and concise. Representative works include Landscape Book, Finger-flick Pavilion and Plum Blossom Map. Luo Pin (1733 1799), a disciple of Jinnong, is good at landscapes, flowers and figures, and can inherit them.

The predecessors are not rigid, and the brushwork is vivid. Ghost funny pictures and two-color plum blossom pictures are handed down from generation to generation.

"Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" mainly focuses on flower-and-bird paintings, pays attention to individuality and self-expression, has strong innovative spirit, rich new ideas and great development of freehand brushwork, which makes the painting world suddenly revive.

Famous painters after Jiaqing include Zhao, Wu Changshuo and others. Zhao (1829 1884) was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Wu Changshuo (1844 1927) was born in Anji, Zhejiang. They are both calligraphers and calligraphers.

Flower and bird painter. Their paintings combine the characteristics of their vigorous calligraphy, with simple style but bright colors. They strive for the beauty of modeling characteristics and have surpassed their predecessors in many places.

Let's talk about calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty.

Calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty can be divided into two periods: Daoguang in the early Qing Dynasty to the middle Qing Dynasty and after the middle Qing Dynasty.

The first period is the heyday of iron and blood. The so-called post learning is to copy the famous posts of the previous generation. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, due to the appreciation of Emperor Kangxi, Dong Qichang's calligraphy was very popular in the Ming Dynasty, and there was a phenomenon of "in case of Dong"

Elephant. The method of combining Yan Ti and Zhao Ti in Oriental Style is fluent, leisurely and natural, but it is less enlightening. Zhang Zhao (169 1 1745), Shen Quan (1624 1684) and Jin Nong (1687 1763) are.

), Cha Sheng (1650 1707). In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong preferred the font of Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty, and the phenomenon of "one Zhao per thousand households" reappeared. Zhao Ti's strokes are round, and Emperor Guangxu's book From Yan Zhenqing.

The font of the "high" axis is symmetrical and elegant. The most famous person who learned from Zhao Ti was Wang Youdun (1692 1758).

No matter in the early or middle Qing Dynasty, there are still many calligraphers with unique calligraphy styles. For example, Fu Shan in the early Qing Dynasty, Liang in the middle period,,. Fu Shan (1605 1690), cursive cloud turns.

Fei Xia, simple and simple small letters, Gu Zhuo, elegant and colorful running script. Zhu Da's cursive script combined with seal cutting is unique. Liang's (1723 18 15) Mountain Week was founded by Dong Ge, a university student, and Shang Shuliang, a ministry of rites.

Son. I began to study Yan Liu's calligraphy, and then I studied Mi Fei. In my later years, I changed. I admire nature, and my brushwork is vertical and horizontal. I am famous all over the world, and many people ask him to write for me. There are several bundles of paper every day.

. People from Japan and Ryukyu came to ask questions. Once, the King of Ryukyu asked an overseas student to write a painting before returning to China. Liang realized his wish and the students left happily. surname

Banqiao calligraphy is also very distinctive. It is a real combination of cursive script and seal script, and mixed with the method described by Zhu Lan. Zheng Banqiao called it six and a half characters calligraphy.

The second period is the period of stele study. Inscription is a school of calligraphy, which advocates inscription. After Jiaqing and Daoguang, calligraphers imitated the inscriptions of the Six Dynasties and Qin Jin in succession. The most prominent are Deng and Zhao.

Modesty or something.

Deng Shiru (1739 1805) was born in Xiuning, Anhui. He took Qin Lisi and Tang Li as his ancestors and traveled all over the inscriptions in Qin and Han Dynasties. Good at learning calligraphy, good at making changes, integrating seal script and official script, able to write seal script with official script and write seal script with official script.

The writing of the book is official script, which surpasses the previous generation of official script and seal script masters. After a breakthrough in official script, it entered the book with official script, surpassing the Tang Dynasty.

Zhao (1829 1884) was originally from Shaoxing. I started to learn Yan style, then learned the North Monument and wrote running script with it. The study of seal script and official script can be integrated. Regular script is based on Yan style and has the characteristics of Weibei.

, known as "Yan Di Wei Mian". Lishu mixed the model method,

Very personal.

Wu Changshuo (1844 1927), a native of Anji, Zhejiang, was a great calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. Learning calligraphy is not limited to one person: regular script learning Yan Ti, Zhong You, official script learning Han stone carving, and seal script learning. Seal, official,

Truth, line and grass are all good, and seal script is the most important. Its regular script is rigorous and even; Grass, momentum Pentium; Official script, vigorous and powerful; Seal script is vigorous and powerful.

The Qing Dynasty was a period of flourishing calligraphy, and famous artists came forth in large numbers. The above is only a partial introduction. Admirably, many calligraphers are also painters, such as Fu Shan, Jin Nong, Zheng Xie and Zhao.

Money, Wu Changshuo, etc. Although calligraphy and painting are of the same origin, they are different arts after all. How much labor it takes for a person to be good at both arts!

There are many calligraphy works in the Qing Dynasty, including Bao's "Art Twin Boat", Kang Youwei's "Art Twin Boat", Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Art Books" and Shi Tao's "Painting Quotations".

Search Qifeng, draft

Shi Tao (1642 17 18), born in Quanzhou, Guangxi, whose real name is Zhu, the son of Zhu Shouqian, the king of Jingjiang, Ming Dynasty, is named Ruoji, Shi Tao, Yuanji, also known as Bitter Melon Monk, and Zi. Portraits are particularly good.

Landscape painting. The composition is rich and varied, and the artistic conception is novel and vigorous. The famous painter Wang praised: "The river is north and south, pushing Shi Tao as the first." Shi Tao's Huai Yang Qing Qiu Tu Zhou and the Red Man

(16 10 1663), Kun can (16 12 1673) and Badashan people are collectively called "the four great painting monks in the early Qing Dynasty".

Due to the preferential policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty to the intellectuals of the Han nationality and the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, Shi Tao spent most of his life in the Qing Dynasty, twice welcoming Kangxi, and persistently engaged in painting creation.

Shi Tao has a famous saying: "Make a manuscript by looking for a strange peak." In order to get painting materials and make his works get new life, he traveled all over China, and the strange mountains and strange waters of his motherland kept giving him.

The emergence of new ideas.

Shi Tao pays attention to learning from teachers, but he is not limited to the law. Therefore, his landscape works are full of changes. Yu Jianhua, a famous contemporary art historian, commented that Shi Tao "can be cast through the ages, learn from the previous dynasties and be unique"

There is no habit of Zhejiang and Wu. "

Shi Tao is not only a famous landscape painter, but also a famous painting theorist. His painting treatise "Painting Quotations" talks about the unity of art and reality, the unity of inside and outside, the unity of mind and matter, and the unity of knowing and doing.

There are also the theory of irregularity, the theory of borrowing the past and opening the present, the theory of dissimilar similarity, and the theory of staying away from vulgarity. Today, the painting world still regards it as a standard. Eight mountain people

Badashan people, surnamed Zhu Mingxia, Ming imperial clan, No.1 mansion. "Eight", the four corners of the square are artificial; "People's House", the house of everyone in Xiamen, Guangzhou.

Honestly, Badashan people are different. I was able to write poetry when I was eight years old. Good at calligraphy, seal cutting and painting. I once painted a lotus flower, which was full of vitality in a semi-open pool, and the dead leaves were scattered on the water, sideways. put asid

In the hall, the breeze is Xu Lai, and the fragrance is overflowing. He once painted a dragon, winding up and down, trying to fly. Mountain people also like to tell jokes and dump four.

Later, the mountain man was speechless, so he abandoned his family and became a monk. He was named Brother Xue and soon became crazy. Its name has been changed to Mountain, Mountain Donkey and Badashanren.

Mountain people paint after drinking. When painting, splash ink on paper, or splash ink on paper with a broken broom, or wipe ink on paper with a broken hat. A piece of paper is so dirty that I can't bear to read it.

At this time, he picked up a pen to render, or into the mountains, or into the ravines or flowers, birds and bamboo stones, all fascinated. When he writes, he will wave his arms to help with the pen, scream and shout, and write dozens of words at once.

Let's go I woke up and couldn't write a word. At this time, even if he was put in front of him and asked to write it again, he would not read it.

Jiao Bingzhen's Western Paintings

The introduction of Wu Li's "Axis of Lake Light and Spring Colors" into China began in the late Ming Dynasty, probably because Matteo Ricci, an Italian, brought a Jesuit idol.

This portrait depicts a full-fledged child in bright colors. Matteo Ricci once said, "People in China can only draw a convex edge, so there is no difference between concave and convex. China painters can not only draw prominent parts.

Points will draw concave parts, so all sides are perfect. "

After studying western painting, Jiao Bingzhen, a native of Jining, understood its painting method: the front is bright and the side is dark. If you blacken the darkness, the bright front will stand out. Later, he put western paintings

The painting method has been modified, and it is very difficult to portray the characters.

Jiao Bingjun devoted himself to the palace. According to the order of Kangxi, he painted 46 western paintings in the form of comparison. I don't know, but I thought it was painted by foreigners.

Fu Qingzhu paints.

Fu Qingzhu (1602 1683), namely Fu Shan, was born in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he insisted on national integrity, wore red clothes, lived in caves and resolutely refused to be an official. During the Kangxi period, he was 70 years old.

At the age of 30, Yu was forced to go to Beijing for his erudition. He was lying in an ancient temple in the west of the city and didn't take the exam. Finally, I resigned from my old illness.

Fu Qingzhu is good at painting landscapes, ink bamboo, works, poems and stone carvings. He is also good at medical skills, especially gynecology.

Fu Qingzhu is famous for his calligraphy and painting, but he is not easy to paint for others.

A friend asked for a painting. Fu Shuo, when he paints, he must first choose the time. If he doesn't choose well, he can't write. A friend agreed to draw pictures on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival. He said that if the weather is clear and cool, calm and the moon is clear, you must be friends.

Get a pen and paper ready.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming, the weather is really sunny and cool, and my friends are very happy. He knew that Fu drank, so he accompanied him to drink first, and drank until sunset from midnight (3-5 pm). Then ask the waiter to grind the ink rough before putting it.

Put two tea tables together, spread a long tracts of paper on them, and hold a iron ruler against the four corners of the paper, saying that when the moon rises, it will illuminate the painting with candles.

Soon the moon came out and Fu was very happy. He asked the waiter to put a bowl of thick ink on the table next to him and told others to step down and paint alone. My friend stood at a distance and watched. See fu dancing.

, like crazy. The friend ran behind him and hugged him hard. Fu screamed and sighed, "You ruined my painting at once." Say that finish, throw the pen on the ground and stop drawing.

The misfortune of a female painter

There was a female painter named Li Zhen in Qing Dynasty. She is from Qianjiang, Hubei, so she named herself "Qianjiang Women's History". My father's name is Li Xiaofeng. He is famous for painting flowers. He made a name for himself by teaching Li Zhen to draw. But because of her father,

The greed for power and money made the talented Li Zhen suffer misfortune: she became a victim of arranged marriage.

Li is really a good flower painter, so naturally many people come to ask for paintings and propose marriage. Who should I promise? His father is insatiable and wants to find an official as a son-in-law so that he can deal with officialdom in the future.

Jiangxia (now Wuchang) county magistrate ordered all distant relatives of Ke Quan to propose to Li Zhen. His family is poor, and sometimes he can't even boil the pot. His mother thought that marrying Li Zhen and selling her paintings would solve her life.

Please ask someone for advice if you have any questions. Li Zhen's father thought that if he married his daughter to Zhu, he could donate a fairy such as Xian Cheng and Inspection Department, and he agreed. Later, I heard that Zhu was poor and regretted it.

On their wedding night, Li Zhen was unhappy to see someone incompetent and ugly. A month later, Li Zhen and Zhu went to Hanyang's husband's house and laughed at her ugly face. Some said her feet were not small enough.

Look at her feet carefully. Li Zhen's maid occasionally dissuaded her, but she was slapped by Brother Zhu.

Li Zhen is not used to cooking and sewing, and her family all say that she is lazy and incompetent.

Soon, Zhu urged Li Zhen to go to Wuchang to get painting tools and sketches, hoping that she could sell them and get money. Li Zhen was angry at this request. She believes that painting is taught by her father, and most of the money sold by her works should go to her father.

Honey. This led to the dispute between Weng and Xu.

Father and husband are insatiable people, and in-laws are vulgar and embarrassed. Under such circumstances, Li Zhen felt that he was walking on thin ice. He said angrily, "If you ask me for justice, I should be conceited."

It is enough to raise a husband on your own. Now the whole family depends on me to eat and drink. How can this be true? "So she threw away all the painting tools and vowed never to paint again. When her husband's family saw her like this, they were even more mean to her.

, scolded her many times. Li Zhen couldn't stand it any longer, swallowed raw warbler millet paste and committed suicide.

Yangtze river mileage map

Zhang Xuezeng, Hui Jiren, Chinese character,No. Yue 'an, industrial calligraphy, good at landscape painting. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Zhang went to Suzhou as the magistrate. Sun Chengze, an official at the same level in the Tang Dynasty (Yidu people, word North, number North)

Hai, a scholar in Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, entered the Qing Dynasty and entered the official department (left), Gong Dingzi (a scholar in Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, a scholar in Kangxi's poetry), (Xiushui,

People, the word autumn yue. Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty was a scholar and an official, and was awarded the original official after returning to the Qing Dynasty. Good at poetry) The three hosted a farewell dinner.

After drinking, everyone took out their famous paintings and boasted to each other. Zhang Xue once showed the original painting of the famous Song Dynasty painting "Wanli Yangtze River". Sun, Gong and Cao advocated this idea. Do you like it?

Put it down, full of praise. It is said that this is a masterpiece. Zhang is very proud. Unexpectedly, Sun Chengze suddenly said to him: "This painting is in the name of' Wan Li', but you are not too greedy to own it; no

Wouldn't it be a good thing to cut it into four sections, each with a section of 25 thousand Li? "Gong, cao echoed, clap your hands, make attendants immediately take a knife ruler. After listening to this, Zhang Xue, the beloved figure of his life, became convinced.

I thought it was true, so I knelt down and begged. Sun Beihai said with a smile: "Now I think of a pair of unique things in the Tang Dynasty." People ask what is right. Sun said, "Wusong was imprisoned halfway across the river, and Suzhou was uneasy about the secretariat.

"

"Take Wusong River, a promontory, and annoy the intestines of Suzhou secretariat" is a set of sentences. The first sentence is from Du Fu's Painting Scenery and Song of Scenery, and the next sentence is Liu Yuxi's Gift to Li Prostitute, which is a new word.