Who is the heroine of the French nation?

Joan of Arc (1412-1431), also known as Jean Ducker, was a famous French heroine in the late Hundred Years' War between Britain and France.

1412 65438+16 October, Joan was born in the village of Dongremy, Voz, France. Her parents believe in Catholicism and are simple farmers. It is difficult for the whole family to live by farming.

Joan spent her childhood in the chaos of the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France. At that time, French King charles vi was not only incompetent, but also an intermittent psychopath, which made it difficult for feudal nobles of all walks of life to submit. So they went their own way and fought against each other, especially the two feudal lords with duke of burgundy and the Duke of Orleans as the core, who did not hesitate to start a civil war in order to compete for territory. Henry V, king of England, took advantage of the domestic chaos and led 60,000 troops to invade France on a large scale in August 14 15. The feudal nobles in Burgundy took refuge in the invaders and showed the sincerity of "friendship" to the king everywhere. The feudal lords in Orleans were unable to resist the British invasion and Burgundy's betrayal, which led to the British army marching in. On June+10 in 5438, the French army was defeated in the battle of Ginkul, and then the British army occupied a large area of northern France.

1420, under the threat of the British invaders, Britain and France signed the Trouvat Peace Treaty, which stipulated that the succession of the French prince Charles was handed over to the British king Henry V. Therefore, the French queen forced the crazy French king Charles to marry his daughter to the British king. 1422, Henry V and charles vi died almost at the same time, and Henry V's baby, who was only 10 months old, was made king of Britain and France and named Henry VI. Prince Charles of France was officially deposed and retired to the south of France. The Trouvat Peace Treaty actually divided France into three parts, one belonging to Henry VI, the other to duke of burgundy and the other to Prince Charles.

1428, 10 In June, the British invaders, with the cooperation of the Burgundy Sect, expanded southward and concentrated their forces to besiege the strategic location of Orleans leading to the south. Will soon be surrounded by Orleans. Orleans is the gateway to the south, an important base of Orleans, and a fortress to defend France and resist invaders. Soldiers and civilians in Orleans are fighting bloody battles to defend their castle. Feudal aristocrats, peasants, citizens and lower priests from all walks of life in the south are spontaneously organizing to support Orleans. They used guerrilla warfare and other means to fight against the British, but the troops sent to rescue Orleans kept losing, suffered heavy losses and the situation was extremely critical. The French people pinned their hopes on the prince and longed for him to become the king of France, command the people, recover lost territory and drive away the invaders. However, the prince is full of doubts, helplessness and lack of confidence. At this critical moment, a peasant girl stepped forward. She is Joan of Arc.

Joan's hometown has been ravaged by the British army many times and looted by the Burgundy aristocratic army. She witnessed the blood debt owed by the enemy since she was a child. I have also heard the touching story of the French people's love for the motherland and heroic resistance to Japan, and planted the seeds of love and hate in the young heart of this shepherdess. The sorrow of the people and the suffering of the motherland aroused Miss Joan's determination to defend her country. She should take saving the motherland as her sacred duty. It is said that Joan of Arc heard the voice of God in her ear when she was 13 years old. God sent her to see the prince, and she undertook the glorious mission of fighting against the British invaders and saving France. Whenever the enemy is rampant and France is in danger, God cries out at her side, louder and louder. She seems to be an angel sent by God to save France. In fact, this is an illusion caused by her strong patriotic thoughts in her devout religious enthusiasm. Joan made up her mind to persuade the prince.

1429, Joan is only 17 years old. She went to the neighboring town to see the duke and asked him: God wants her to see the prince as soon as possible. She was sent by God to save France. For a time, people spread that Joan of Arc was a "saint". Villagers near and far believed it and were moved by her patriotic enthusiasm, and decided to help her complete the sacred mission of saving the country. Everyone bought her armor, weapons and horses, and the Lord of the town sent someone to escort her to the south to meet the prince. After all kinds of difficulties, Joan finally arrived at the Shinong City where the prince was located. Prince Charles, who was in trouble, met this girl. Joan told the prince that she had accepted the mission of supporting the prince from God: "God supports you, and you are the true heir of France." And persuaded the prince to give her an army to save the besieged city of Orleans. The desperate prince heard that she was sent by God and readily agreed to give her an army.

1429 On April 22, Charlie appointed Joan of Arc as the commander-in-chief of the army, and then formed an army of 1,000 people to go to Orleans. The soldiers marched triumphantly into Orleans, singing hymns along the way. Along the way, she was warmly cheered and resolutely supported by the broad masses of the people, which further strengthened Joan's patriotism.

On April 29, when the army led by Joan of Arc entered the suburb of Orleans, it was near dusk. She immediately sent someone to conduct a thorough reconnaissance and found out the enemy's situation. That night, she attacked during the lightning and storm. Joan of Arc held high the sacred flag and jumped forward, leading the troops to break through the encirclement of the enemy. At 8 o'clock in the evening, she went to town and sent weapons, ammunition and food to the soldiers and civilians in Orleans. The soldiers and civilians in the city lined up on both sides of the street with torches to welcome them, and 5 thousand soldiers and civilians were saved. The success of the breakthrough greatly boosted the morale of French soldiers and civilians inside and outside Orleans. But at this time, the enemy outside the city was not repelled. Joan wrote to the invading British leader, urging the British army to retreat quickly and return to their own country, and warned the British army: "The sacred French territory cannot be occupied by you ... If you don't leave France, we will fight wherever you go!"

After reading Joan's letter, the British leader gave a sneer and took Joan seriously at all. A few days later, Joan saw that the British army had no intention of withdrawing. She was indignant and determined to give the enemy a heavy blow. From May 4th, Joan of Arc commanded the army to attack and killed several bridgeheads that controlled the whole city. She rode a horse, took the lead and bravely killed the enemy. Unfortunately, she was injured by an arrow. Joan endured severe pain, pulled out an arrow and continued to fight. She shouted to the soldiers: "compatriots, forward, forward!" " "While leading you to JiXin to kill. After a few days of bitter fighting, the British army was defeated, the two bridgehead were conquered one after another, and the invaders were forced to retreat. On May 8, the remnants of the enemy around the city of Orleans were destroyed and the city of Orleans was rescued. The battle of Orleans became the key battle for France to turn defeat into victory, which increased the confidence of the French people in victory and made Joan of Arc very prestigious. People call her "the daughter of Orleans".

After the victory in Orleans, Joan continued the war of resistance. 1On June 27th, 429, she led the army to the north and went to several cities to recover a large area of lost land. On July 16, Reims was recovered. But at this time, although France won one victory after another, it was still ruled by the British in name. The French don't have their own king, and the king is the representative of the country. Because of this, Joan thinks that the coronation ceremony of the prince is very important and the time is ripe, so she urges the crown prince to be crowned king. Joan said to the prince, "our prince, don't have such a long meeting again." Come with me and go to Reims to accept the crown you should wear. Don't hesitate. " /kloc-in July, 0/7, according to French tradition, Charlie came to Reims Cathedral and held a grand coronation ceremony at the place where kings of past dynasties were crowned. Charles inherited the French king system and was called Charles VII. At the coronation ceremony, Joan stood beside the king, holding a flag in her hand, which looked solemn and powerful.

The success of the coronation of the prince gave France a new king, which greatly enhanced the cohesion and patriotic enthusiasm of French soldiers and civilians in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It has become the glorious duty of the whole nation to expel the British and recover France. Throughout the country, Joan of Arc's reputation is celebrated everywhere. Tribute letters and determination letters sent to Joan of Arc are flying like snowflakes from all directions. Inspired by Joan of Arc's spirit, the common people set off a new climax of the anti-British struggle from rural areas to towns, and Joan of Arc confidently threw herself into new battles.

However, the prestige of Joan of Arc caused envy and panic among nobles and ministers. They are afraid that their position will be shaken and their interests violated, so they try their best to isolate her, plot against her, and even betray and frame her.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/430, Compiegne, a military town in the northwest of Reims, was in an emergency, and Joan led the army to come to the rescue. He fought fiercely with the British and Burgundy nobles and lost the first battle. On the evening of May 23rd, Joan of Arc led 300 elite soldiers to sneak attack the enemy, which unfortunately failed. Joan of Arc had to lead the rest of the troops to retreat, and they retreated while fighting. When they were ready to return to Reims, the nobles who planned to frame her deliberately pulled up the suspension bridge, closed the door and shut Joan out. She was cornered by the enemy and besieged on all sides, and was finally captured by Burgundy rebels because she was outnumbered. Burgundy nobles sold Joan of Arc to the British invaders at a high price of 654.38+00000 gold coins.

The British invaders regarded Joan of Arc as a menace, that is, they tortured her in an iron cage for half a year in an attempt to force her to surrender. Joan held her head high and flatly refused, saying, "I feel like I'm dead for France!" "

1430 12, the British took Joan of Arc to Rouen and handed it over to the heretical court appointed by Britain for trial. Joan of Arc was brutally tortured again. In the endless test, she has always been loyal and unyielding, always loyal to her motherland, and never said a word of betrayal of France. But at this moment, the king listened to the minister and sat idly by. Under the order of his master, the heretical judge sentenced Joan of Arc to be a witch and burned at the stake on trumped-up charges such as "disguised as a man" and "witchcraft demagoguery".

1431On May 30th, Joan was tied to a stake in Rouen Square and burned alive. Before her death, Joan angrily denounced the British invaders "and will certainly be punished." Swallowed by the fire in the voice of shouting "Long live France". After Joan died, her ashes were scattered on the Seine. Joan gave her precious life to save the motherland at the age of 19.

Joan is dead, but her spirit is not dead. Her patriotic dedication lit up France, awakened the French people, and further ignited the raging flame of thousands of people saving lives in France. Following in the footsteps of Joan of Arc, they launched a broader anti-British struggle and fought bravely to recover lost ground. 1436, that is, five years after the death of Joan of Arc, Paris was recovered. 1453 In June, Britain surrendered, Britain and France signed a peace treaty, France was reunified, and the Hundred Years' War ended in France's victory.

Joan of Arc set up the first patriotic banner in French history with her brilliant achievements, and became a model for the oppressed nations in France and the world to resist aggression and love the motherland. Up to now, in Paris, Rouen, East Remy Village and many other places, statues of Joan of Arc stand, and Joan's hometown is named the Girls' Village. 1920, France also designated the second Sunday of May as the National Day of Joan of Arc every year to commemorate her immortal achievements and carry forward her patriotic spirit.