The correct strategy of classical Chinese

1. Classical Chinese examples can be decided in the world (if, if) 6 It's like mud and stones (such as-what, what to do) 65-if1naturally, while China holds our friendship, and the sky keeps our neighborhood (such as, such as, such as) 2 If the former is longevity (you,

The shorter the classical Chinese about correct choice, the better.

Fish, what I want; Bear's paw is what I want You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it. Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. Life is what I want, and I want it more than the living, so I don't want it for (wéi) or (gǒu); I hate (us) death, and I hate (us) more than death, so I suffer what I don't want (b √). If people want more than the living, why not use the living that they can get? If people are more evil than the dead, why not (wéi) those who can be cured (bü)? If you are right, you will be born without seeking, and if you are right, you will be able to cure (b √) suffering without doing (wéi). Therefore, you want more than the living, and what you do is worse than the dead. But with disdain to drink and eat, hungry pedestrians are unwilling to accept it; Kick others' food with their feet, and beggars will not accept it. A handful of vegetables (dān) and a bowl of bean soup (gēng), if you get it, you will live, and if you get it, you will die. Call it and everyone in the street will receive it; If you don't do it, you won't care if you ask or not. Wanzhong accepted it without arguing about its appropriateness. What does ten thousand minutes do to me? For (wèi) the beauty of the palace, the battle of wives and concubines, the poor get (déI) and (yú)? My hometown (xiàng) died for (wéi), and now there are people in the palace (Wé i); Township (wèi) died and refused to follow it, and now it is served by wives and concubines; My hometown is (wéi). I don't accept it. Now, people who know the poor have (dé) me, and do it for (wé i): OK? This is called the loss of humanity.

translate

I want fish and bear's paw. If I can't get both at the same time, I'd rather give up fish and choose bear's paw. Life is what I want, and morality is what I want. If these two things can't be achieved at the same time, I would rather give up my life and choose morality.

Life is what I love, but there are some things I love more than life, so I don't drag out an ignoble existence; I hate death, but there are some things that I hate more than death, so I don't avoid some disasters.

If people love nothing more than life, then what can't be used for survival? If people hate nothing more than death, what methods can avoid disaster that will not be adopted? You can survive by this method, but some people refuse to use it; This method can avoid disaster, but some people refuse to use it. Because there are some things you want more than life, and some things you hate more than death. Not only saints have this nature, everyone has it, but saints can't lose it.

A bowl of rice, a bowl of soup, you can live if you eat it, or you will starve if you don't eat it. Calling others to eat is impolite, and the hungry people passing by will not accept it; Beggars don't want to accept kicking or stepping on others to eat.

However, some people accept generous salaries without knowing whether it is in line with etiquette. In this case, what good is a good salary for me? Do you appreciate the splendor of my family, the service of my wife and concubine, and the poor people I know well? Some people would rather die than accept it before, but now some people accept it for the splendor of the house; In the past, some people would rather die than accept it, but now some people accept it to serve their wives. In the past, some people would rather die than accept it, but now some people admire themselves for knowing but accepting the poor. So is it possible to stop this practice? This is called losing people's inherent sense of shame and shame.

3. How to accurately translate classical Chinese? Translation of classical Chinese requires three words: "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance". "Faithfulness" means that translation should be accurate, that is, faithful to the original text and true and proper translation of the original text by using modern Chinese. "Vivid" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language diseases.

Principles of classical Chinese translation

In the process of translating classical Chinese, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to implement every word in a sentence as long as it has certain real meaning. When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words can not be separated.

Translation methods of classical Chinese

Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve students' reading ability and written expression ability.

The translation of classical Chinese needs to be carried out in every word, mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. We should try our best to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it. We should avoid rushing to translate as soon as we come up. When we encounter difficult words in translation, we can put them down for the time being and weigh them again when the context is translated. After translating the whole article, we should read it through, check it and correct it.

The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.

The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation.

Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.

"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.

"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Fan Kuai, Pei Gong's bodyguard. "Zheye" is a suffix auxiliary word, which is not translated.

"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Make up the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.

"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words, such as "I" for "I" and "Er, Ru" for "you".

"Adjustment" means adjustment. Inverted sentences in ancient Chinese are adjusted to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postpositions and attributive postpositions, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.

"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, related words can be vivid, such as "calm waves" or "(Lake) is calm".

Classical Chinese Translation of Quartet

In the past two years, the college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translating classical Chinese. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, which are all extracurricular, as if there is no trace to find and no way to start. In fact, we can still pay attention to some skills and play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet" from the following four aspects:

1. Translation should pay attention to supplementing omitted sentence elements. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object. When doing translation questions, you must pay attention to make up the omitted sentence elements in the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable.

2. Pay attention to the adjustment of word order when translating. Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition and prepositional object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be convenient, otherwise the translation will be easily upset, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."

3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some entity words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. There are mainly verbs, adjectives and nouns, adjectives and nouns, nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.

4. When translating, we should grasp the key words, contact the context and make a breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.

To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard and pay attention to the above four points flexibly.

4. Skills and methods of doing classical Chinese Learning classical Chinese is a major difficulty for our middle school students. I want to express my personal opinion on how to learn it well.

First of all, we should understand the characteristics of classical Chinese in different periods in the history of China, which is more conducive to our analysis. For example, there are many inverted sentences and interchangeable words in pre-Qin prose. Understanding the life stories and work styles of historical celebrities is helpful for us to judge the authors and appreciate the articles. To learn history well, it is said that literature and history are not separated. In addition, learning history well is also good for literary appreciation. Read more historical works, such as The Book of Songs, hundred schools of thought's Essays, Warring States Policy, Wen Xin Diao Long, etc. , not only conducive to the study of classical Chinese, but also conducive to your literary appreciation and creation.

Another is to look at some classical Chinese courses, such as grammar, introduction to poetry appreciation and so on. But don't read books translated from ancient Chinese, which is harmful to your study of classical Chinese.

When learning classical Chinese, the main thing is to read more, so that practice makes perfect and you won't be intimidated by the questions during the exam.

Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life. But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. The writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun has read and studied a lot of ancient novels since he was young, which is of great significance to his later period.

Learning classical Chinese is a great difficulty for us middle school students. I want to express my personal opinion on how to learn it well.

First of all, we should understand the characteristics of classical Chinese in different periods in the history of China, which is more conducive to our analysis. For example, there are many inverted sentences and interchangeable words in pre-Qin prose. Understanding the life stories and work styles of historical celebrities is helpful for us to judge the authors and appreciate the articles. To learn history well, it is said that literature and history are not separated. In addition, learning history well is also good for literary appreciation. Read more historical works, such as The Book of Songs, hundred schools of thought's Essays, Warring States Policy, Wen Xin Diao Long, etc. , not only conducive to the study of classical Chinese, but also conducive to your literary appreciation and creation.

Another is to look at some classical Chinese courses, such as grammar, introduction to poetry appreciation and so on. But don't read books translated from ancient Chinese, which is harmful to your study of classical Chinese.

When learning classical Chinese, the main thing is to read more, so that practice makes perfect and you won't be intimidated by the questions during the exam.

Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life. But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. The writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was a child, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu was first a generation of scholars, proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and then a writer. The world only knows that there is a besieged city, but it doesn't know that there is a cone; Liang Shiqiu is proficient in classics and a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and simple, but it is easy to put up, the usage of allusions is handy, and the music is wonderful. Liang's extensive reading and practical work are really amazing.

So, how can we learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? The following is a brief introduction to several learning methods:

First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese.

Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.

Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately.

Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.

5. What are the ways to learn classical Chinese? Briefly introduce several learning methods: First, master the basic language structure.

Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences.

It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese. Second, correctly break sentences.

There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.

Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary.

The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately. Fourth, repeat reading.

As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully.

In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.

6. Classical Chinese reading questions (write the answers correctly) 1. 1 1 A man in Zheng wants to buy shoes.

② Measure your feet first.

Then put the ruler on the seat.

Don't stick to the rules, act according to dogma, be flexible and get rid of the shackles of decadent ideas.

4 ① Pronouns refer to rulers; (2) To ...; 3 pronouns refer to rulers;

4 pronouns refer to rulers; ⑤ Pronouns refer to shoes.

Second, 1 ① stealing: sneaking around; 2 hey: just; (3) infatuation: describe extreme infatuation with something; 4 hey: calm down; ⑤ Tart: Whip with a whip. ⑥ ⑥: Same as "he", how and why.

Wang Mian is from Zhuji County.

(2) At night, Wang Mian came out quietly and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book and reading by the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha.

3 hard-working, diligent study.

Third, 1 ①: Eat. 2 out: expelled.

Ling grew in the water, but he said it was born in the soil. He didn't know it at first, but insisted that he knew it.

What you don't know, instead of asking for advice modestly, boasts that you know, and the result becomes a joke, which fully reflects the ignorance of this northerner. (Other answers are reasonable. )

4. 1 ① Slave: Slave. Yes, this one.

The ship moved forward, but the sword could not. Is it stupid to look for a sword like this?

3 description; speak

5 language description and action description;

More precisely, it is the rigidity and ignorance of the Chu people.

6 carving a boat for a sword;

This fable tells us to consider the change of the situation and act according to the development of things.

7. Answering skills in classical Chinese in the college entrance examination, answering strategies 1, reading selected articles and test questions, understanding the general content and major events, and then taking "Who?" "When and where to do what?" "What was the result?" "Why?" Read the article silently, read it carefully, layer the article according to the "events" and sort out the ideas of the article.

2, classical Chinese content word interpretation questions, you must be able to use the context to speculate. Master common sense and infer the meaning of content words in the text. We can analyze the part of speech from the perspective of grammatical collocation, infer the meaning from the perspective of semantic collocation and infer the meaning from the perspective of contextual suggestion.

3. When translating sentences, you can first translate the function words in each group of sentences you have learned, and then put this meaning in another sentence to infer whether the usage of function words is the same.

4, do information screening questions, be sure to see the requirements of the topic, word for word. Choose one or two sentences that don't match, and exclude some options. Considering the context, the critical discourse of the general author cannot be used as an option, and the praise of others can be considered.

5. To do the personality performance problem, we must first find the options that can't show the required task personality in the problem, and choose them by exclusion. Pay special attention to whose character.

6, do content induction questions, find out the corresponding sentences in the paragraphs, and correspond one by one. Errors in narration or analysis are only at a certain point, mainly in reverse order, out of thin air and so on.