A play or opera that uses mirrors as stage divisions. Asking for a name. Please help drama kings!

Chinese drama

Including opera, drama, and opera, it is a traditional Chinese drama that introduces 20th-century Western drama forms.

Chinese classical opera is an important part of Chinese national culture, and her performances are full of artistic charm and are deeply favored by the masses. In addition, it occupies a unique position in the world of opera style, and is known as the world's three ancient dramas along with ancient Greek tragicomedy and Indian Sanskrit drama.

The origin and history of drama can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. The formation process of the Song Dynasty was very long. A mature drama counting from the Yuan Dynasty, the mature experience of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the continuous development of the modern history has been unbeaten for eight hundred years, and now there are more than 360 operas. In its long development process, Chinese classical opera has four basic forms of tunes: Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, legendary Qing Dynasty and modern operas, local operas, etc.

[The basic form of classic opera

Tone

The tunes were produced in the Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, and Fuzhou areas, forming period dramas.

Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty, also known as Yuan Dynasty Beiqu Zaju, was first produced in Zhending Jin, Hebei, and Pingyang, Shanxi. Popular in the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese opera. It reaches a high literary standard, as well as a single verse, ancient sayings of the Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties. Legends of the Ming and Qing dynasties

The evolution of musical forms in legendary operas. It originated in the late Yuan Dynasty, spread to the early Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Jiajing period, Wanli, and its heyday, and extended to the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Most of its works are called "Ci Shan Qu Hai".

Local Opera in the Qing Dynasty BR /gt; Classical opera, local opera was the third stage in the Qing Dynasty. In recent times, modern drama has a different art form. In the past few years of Kangxi's reign, local operas known as flowers had sprung up all over the country, and in the Qianlong era, the competitiveness of Kunqu Opera began. During the past few years of Qianlong's reign, the fragrance of flowers overwhelmed the stage dominance that Yabu held until the final years of the dynasty. 150 years of local opera in the Qing Dynasty. From 1840 to 1919, modern operas were said to be modern operas, which included the operas formed during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years, and appeared in the early 20th century as a movement to improve costume dramas.

During the "May 4th" New Culture Movement, traditional Chinese operas were fiercely criticized. In subsequent TV series, we were introduced to the era of modern opera. The formation of opera was the result of the development of local opera in the Qing Dynasty. After opera became the representative drama of the country, there was no depressing development of local opera. From the Qing Dynasty to local opera, opera, and Chinese opera, it was an extremely prosperous era.

Chinese Drama

There is only one hundred years of Chinese drama history. Introduced to China from the West, before the "Civilized New Drama" 54", at the beginning of the 20th century, this early drama still had some characteristics of traditional opera. After the "May 4th Movement", heavy vehicle registration was the introduction of realism in Western drama Drama, "drama", "drama" was introduced in 1928 and has been used ever since.

History

(1) The proliferation of family drama

Multiplying the revolution. The rising tide of civilization drama, the 1911 revolution and the gradual decline of the warlord usurpation of the Fruit Revolution, China's social reality, as always, is dark and corrupt, poverty and weakness are encouraged to face the revolution. Cruel reality: From fanaticism to depression, some people use drama as a means of survival, while others cater to people with low tastes.

Some businesses see profit, so they play civilized games and surround them. The new theater troupe, which was lined up in the sky, also launched the so-called new play. By 1914, according to the Jiayin year of the Chinese lunar calendar, such family dramas were actually very prosperous, and it was called "Jiayin ZTE".

In fact, the false prosperity behind this hides a deep crisis. What seems to be the apparent growth of the team with the addition of theater practitioners is actually a mixed bag of good and bad, reducing quality. Only focused on making money, the music is kitsch, and the art of civilized drama has declined sharply without a firm foothold. In terms of the quality of the final product, it has actually lost its audience.

Later today, family dramas that blindly show the ugly family and play adultery, such as "Shrew", "Energy Report", "Main" and other wives and concubines have appeared on the stage. Soon, this drama The audience has been tired of the dead end of self-destruction since then.

(B) The limitations of the screen table

The reasons for the decline of civilized drama are not only the lack of ideas, but also the shoddy performance. . Many theater groups adopt the so-called on-screen form system in commercial performances. There is no script before the performance. The performance organizer just makes a list of characters, the appearance of which approximates the plot or the main line, and then the actors themselves rehearse. , sometimes it is necessary to rehearse or draw a cartoon, or stick a note of abbreviation on the backstage, and the actors will take a few glances at it, and what to do depends on the situation.

Obviously, at this stage, the practice of looking cannot guarantee the quality of art, or even protect the entire drama of nature. Remarks Zheng Yan's "improvisational speeches, often unrestrained, Lu's letter, I and some clowns made gags, gimmicks and short scenes to pursue the cinema effect. The advocate of a new play Ouyang Yuqian once recalled the performance scene: Once , he played the role of the lady and the gentleman in the garden love story, the marriage cannot be independent, the lady feels sorry for mewl, the clowns in the two plays wantonly beat up the ugly people on the sidelines, leaving the audience with laughter than the love scene between the lady and the gentleman cannot show it, The actor who plays Mr. Confused wields a stick of civilization, and the two clowns go backstage.

The prevalence of curtains on the table also reflects the weak drama of literature, and the decline of civilization plays the same role. Literature failed to establish a close relationship.

Although civilized drama declined, the conditions for the birth of drama were also prepared, and later, in 1928, drama was created by the famous playwright Hong Shen. The main dramatic dialogue and action expression technique was named "Drama" style since then, which was introduced to China from Western opera and has a recognized official name.

[Type of Opera]

Beijing lt; BR BR /gt; Hebei Bangzi Old Tune Replayed Pingju Opera Silk String Tune Hebei Rantan Wu Anping County Tiao Wu'an Luozi/gt; Peking Opera Northern Kunqu West Road Pingju Opera Beijing Opera

Western Diao Yangge Longyao Yangge Dingxian Yangko Dingxian Yangge 4-Story String Tang Opera Hengqi Diao Four Diao

Shanxi Province

Puzhou Bangzi North Road Bangzi Shangdang Bangzi Gong and Drum Opera Shua Haier Qiu Ling Rolls-Royce Shangdang Pihuang Shangdang Luozi Yongji, Daoqing Hongdong Daoqing Linxian Daoqing Taiyangge, Northern Shaanxi Province Qingxiangwu Yangge Huguan Yangge Qinyuan Yangge Qi Fan Wet Yangge Shuo County Yangge Xiaoyi Wanwanqiang Wowanwanqiang Harp

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Fengtai Opera: Inner Mongolia Mongolian Yangge Duo Manhan Opera

Haicheng, Liaoning Province, the loudspeaker plays the Liaonan opera and the Mongolian opera "The Lotus Falls"

The opera songs of Jilin Province

and Dance Duo Ji Opera Xincheng Huanglong Opera

Heilongjiang Province

Longjiang Opera

Shaanxi Province Qin Opera Han Diao Erhuang Agong Opera Heyang Dance Opera** *The same candle tune, Meihu tune, Shaanxi Shaanxi Wanwan tune, Shaanxi end public drama, Shaanxi Daoqing pull string plate tune, Shaanxi Ankang Harp Huagu drama

Gansu Province: Long Opera Gaoshan Opera shadow tune Gannan Tibetan Opera

Qinghai Province

Qinghai Tibetan Opera Qinghai Pingxian Performance

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

, Shandong Province, Xinjiang Song Play

Dazao Bang Laiwu Bangzi, Shandong Bangzi, Donglu Bangzi Liu Zi plays two folder strings through drama drama Lu Opera, Maoqiang Liuqiang five-tone opera Liuqin plays four flat tunes

Jiangsu Province : Su Opera, Huaihai Opera, Dan Opera, Haimen Mountain, Ding Ding Opera and Huaihong Drama in the era of Kun Opera, Huai Opera and Yang Opera

Anhui Province

Huangmei Opera, Qingyang Opera, Hui Opera Shahe Tiaoyue Xigao Qi'ang, Anhui Mulian Opera, Anhui Nuo Opera's copycat drama, Anhui Duangong Opera Sizhou, play pendant play, Wuhu Lichun Opera, Wennan Ci, Anhui Flower Drum Opera, Huaibei Flower Drum Opera, push drama, hi word game, Hongshan play

Shanghai

Shanghai Opera House Funny Drama and Drama Fengxian Mountain Opera

Zhejiang Province

Yue Opera, Wu Opera Shaoju Xinchang Gaoxian Ninghai County flat tune Songyang high-pitched sober drama Jinhua Wenzhou Kun Opera Kunqu Opera Huangyan Luantan Zhuji Luantan District Hang Opera Yong Opera Hu Opera Yao Opera Mu Opera/gt; Jiangxi Province

Gan Opera Yiyangqiang Xi plays Donghe Opera Ning River Opera Ruihe Opera Yihuang Opera Nanchang Tea Picking Opera Gannan Tea Picking Opera Pingxiang Tea Picking Opera Wanzai County Fuzhou Tea Picking Opera Ji'an Tea Picking Opera Opera, and there are Tea Picking Opera Gandong Tea Picking Opera Jiujiang Tea Picking Opera Jingdezhen Tea Picking Opera Wuning Tea Picking Opera Gao'an Tea Picking Opera

Fujian

Puxian Opera Liyuan Opera Gaojia Opera Pingtiao Drama Fujian Opera Civilian Opera Ming Opera Large Opera Opera Western Fujian Han Opera North Road Opera Meilin Play Correct Characters South Jian Diao Small Opera Triangle Opera Western Fujian Tea-Picking Opera, South Play items of folk songs in western Fujian Opera House City Play Bamboo Horse Play Spring Play Shoulder Play

Guangdong Province, Taiwan Province

Opera

Cantonese Opera Guangdong Han Opera, Western Qin Chao Opera, Zhengzi Opera, Bai Opera, Flower Opera, Northern Guangdong Tea Picking Opera, Lechang Flower Drum Opera, Lei Opera, Western Guangdong Bai Opera

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Gui Opera, Yong Opera, Silk String Opera, Guangxi Competition Area Public Drama, Cai Tiao Niu Niang Opera Guinan Tea Picking Opera Strong Drama Miao Opera Dong Opera

Hainan Qiong Opera Lin Opera

Hunan Province

Xiang Ju Qi Drama Changde Han Opera Hengyang Xianggu Baling Opera Chenhe Flower Drum Opera Xiangkun Changsha, Yueyang Flower Drum Opera Changde Flower Drum Opera Xiangxi Drama Xiangxi Yang Drama Hengyang Flower Drum Opera Shaoyang Flower Drum Opera Lingling Flower Drum Opera Teacher Dao Opera Xiangxi Opera Opera Xinhuang Dong Nuo Opera

Hubei Province lt; BR / Han Opera Jinghe Opera Nan Opera Hubei Yuetiao Mountain Two Yellows Hubei Gaoqi Angchu Opera East Road Huagu Opera Apricot Picking Tea Opera Yang New Picking Tea Opera Yuanan Huagu Opera Xiangyang Hub Play Jingzhou Center Play Liangshan Tiao Yunyang Hub Play with the County Center Opera Hall Wenqiuli Exi Liuzi Opera

Henan Province

Opera Theater Henan Diao Nanyang Bangzi Daping Diao Pregnant Sound of a Big Chuan Opera Luowan

Role-playing Henan Daoqing Henan opera, the five sound chambers of the hub in southern Henan play musical tunes

There are Sichuan provinces

Sichuan Sichuan lanterns Sichuan operas Xiushan lantern operas

Yunnan Province

Yunnan drama Yunnan Kunming opera, off-cable drama, Bai opera, Dai opera drama Yunnan Guizhou province

Guizhou opera Guizhou local clapper Guizhou lantern drama Guizhou Guizhou Buyi, Dong opera play

Guizhou Province Qiandongnan Miao drama Anshun play

agt;

Tibetan opera in Tibet Autonomous Region

[ The founder of Chinese drama - Guan Hanqing

Guan Hanqing is the greatest writer in the history of Chinese drama. The founder was a dramatic world leader in the early Yuan Dynasty. Among writers of the Yuan Dynasty, his creations and early works had the greatest influence. In his line of words, this figure has been fasted by the elderly, the most ordinary people, the births and deaths of brothels and geishas, ??as well as the health and unknown main activities are mostly nearby. Guan Hanqing has a wide circle of music and official circles, and he will only gradually learn from people who have books. He is also versatile and proficient in music, singing, and dancing, which has the benefit of his drama creation. The long-term railings were removed from the courtyard, cultivating his suave, rebellious, and uninhibited personality, which allowed him to obtain the gold of the down-and-out literati in the lower society and the market, and fell into the oppressors of Yuan Yi and Guan Hanqing for generations. He empathized with the misfortune, and he also personally participated in the performance. "The practice of practicing pomp and circumstance, and the rich stage experience made his drama creation originally simple.

Guan Hanqing's life More than 60 plots have been created and 18 have been preserved to this day. The subject content can be roughly divided into 3 categories: The first category is the social drama "Dou E's Injustice" and "Lu Zhai", which expose the darkness of society and praise the fighting spirit of people. The second category reflects the tragic fate of women, vigorously celebrates women's wisdom and courage in the struggle for love, "Save the Fengchen", "Wangjiang Pavilion", "Thank You Fantasy", etc. The third category is the use of historical themes The expression of realistic social cognition in historical dramas, "Single Sword Club" and "Dream of Western Shu"

The strengths and weaknesses of opera culture, because of the different regions, the opera has its own unique style<. /p>

Picture Note: This picture shows Gansu Qinqiang Opera

[Edit this paragraph] [Famous major Chinese dramas]

Opera: Mei Lanfang

Mei Lanfang, whose name is Lan, also known as Heming, whose courtesy name is Yunhua, Huanhua, also known as the owner of Decoration Yuxuan, and whose stage name is Lanfang, was born in Taizhou, Jiangsu in 1894 in Beijing. He was born into an opera family at the age of 8. He began to learn opera and performed on the stage at the age of 10. In Guangfu, Beijing, the "Tianxian Pair" worker Hua Dan and Xi Lian formed a class in 1911. In 1908, Beijing held a Peking Opera Actor Competition from all walks of life. Mei Lanfang ranked in the "Chrysanthemum List" The third place was Tanhua. In 1913, he came to Shanghai for the first time to perform in Dangui High-Performance Color Floor, "Yutangchun" and "Wooden Shell Village" at the intersection of Sima Road and Daxin Road. Sweeping the whole Jiangnan Alley, there was a new stage in which he absorbed the improved elements of civilized drama, lighting, makeup, costume design, fashion and new drama. He said: "Like Mei Lanfang's wife, the son should be like Zhou Xinfang." Nie Haibo returned After the record-breaking performance in Beijing, he came to Shanghai again the next year to play "Wuhuadong.", the real fake Pan, the champion of "Drunk Concubine", a series of 34-day singing.

After returning to Beijing , Mei Lanfang continued to rehearse a new play, "Chang'e Flying to the Moon", "Chunxiang Learning Disability", "Daiyu Buries Flowers" in the third Shanghai in 1916, singing for 45 days. In 1918, it moved to Shanghai, this is His dramatic art reached the pinnacle of a variety of stage performances, combining the performances of Qingyi, Huadan, and Daomadan to create a mellow and flowing singing style, forming the unique Mei Lan School in 1915. Fang, who performed many rehearsals of new plays, Peking Opera singing, reading, dance, music, costumes, and unique artistic innovations, was known as the master of the Mei School.

Mei Lanfang, in the Tokyo Empire in April 1919. Invited by the theater, he went to Japan to perform "The Goddess Scattered Flowers, The Story of the Hosta" for a month before returning to China. In 1921, he may stage a new play, "Farewell My Overlord, Farewell My Concubine".

Under the auspices of the Chinese Social Order in 1922, the Sunchon Times held in 1927 China's first female role, a famous actor named "Mei Lanfang, with a mellow voice and beautiful appearance, and Zheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun is cited as one of the four most famous opera singers.

In the spring of 1930, Mei Lanfang led a delegation to the United States. The Peking Opera stage performed in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles and other cities and achieved great success. Newspapers commented that it was really unrealistic to perform in China. , but the rules of acting, art are real, deeper, than the truth of life. During this period he was awarded a Doctor of Letters degree. Pomona University and University of Southern California

In 1931, during the "September 18th Incident", Mei Lanfang's first temporary residence was moved to the Cangzhou Guest House in Shanghai, and then to No. 121 Mas Road. He rehearsed the "Anti-Golden Soldiers" and "Sheng Si very" dramas to promote the spirit of patriotism. In 1935, he led a delegation to the Soviet Union and Europe for a dramatic study abroad trip. Peking Opera artist, visit and reception in the country is undoubtedly the most foreign artist Mei Lanfang, his Chinese Peking Opera performance art and humility, simple and excellent qualities of the artist came to people from all countries, people called him in the 1950s The cultural envoy of Chinese Peking Opera art.

After the war broke out, the Japanese and puppet governments wanted to use Mei Lanfang to win public support, but he was rejected several times by Embellishment Taiping. Mei Lanfang considered staying in Shanghai and then went to Hong Kong in 1938. His performance in Hong Kong dramas such as "Liang Hongyu" inspired the morale of the Japanese people in the Anti-Japanese War. In the autumn of 1941, he arranged for his two children to study in the rear areas and returned to Shanghai in 1942.

After the war, Mei Lanfang lectured in Shanghai about Kun Opera's comeback, and the color film "Sheng Hen" was filmed in China in 1948. After liberating Shanghai, in June 1949, he was invited to Beijing to attend the First National Congress of Literary and Art Workers and was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. After returning to Beijing in 1950, he settled with the Peking University Opera Research Society and the Ministry of Culture. In 1951 he was appointed as the Dean of the Opera Research Institute of Peking University. In 1952 he was appointed as the Dean and was elected. Delegate to the National People's Congress. In 1955, he filmed "Mei Lanfang's stage art", which included his masterpiece "Universe Front" and "Broken Bridge". Segments of his life in various periods of learning "Chunxiang Trouble" were played in the factory, and stage performance segments were played. In 1956, he led The delegation performed Chinese Peking Opera in Japan. In May 1959, he conducted a performance in Beijing under the leadership of Mu Guiying as a gift for the 10th anniversary of the National Day. Died in Beijing on August 8, 1961. "Collected Works of Mei Lanfang", "Selected Plays of Mei Lanfang's Performances," "40 Years on the Stage". The representative plays of "The Drunken Concubine", "Feng of the Universe", "The Goddess Scattered Flowers", "Fisherman's Culture", taught more than 100 students.