Is Zhuge Liang ploughing in Nanyang or Xiangyang?

Where did Zhuge Liang come from? In the winter of 228 AD, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led a hundred thousand troops to the northern expedition and surrounded Chencang, a small border town of Wei. At that time, Wei Shoujun of Chencang had only about 1000 people.

In the case that the troops were one hundred times stronger than the enemy, Zhuge Liang sent people to persuade the defenders in the city to surrender, but they were severely rejected.

Soon, the bitter siege war began. The Shu army tried all the siege methods at that time, and attacked for more than 20 days day and night, with heavy casualties, but made no progress. Finally, the main force of Wei came to the rescue, and the Shu army had to retreat back to China.

It is the true history of Zhuge Liang's military career that 100 thousand troops can't capture a small town guarded by thousands of people.

Obviously, this is quite different from the story of Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that we are familiar with. What is even more surprising is that all the legendary stories about him in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as burning a new field, fighting with Confucianism, borrowing the arrow of a straw boat, borrowing the east wind, plotting an empty city, and capturing Meng Huo seven times, can not be found in all the history books.

So, what kind of person was Zhuge Liang in history? If all the above legends are false, why do almost all scholars and politicians in China admire him?

Next, we will tell you a mysterious historical figure who surprised you but was deeply moved-Zhuge Liang.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was born in an official family in Yang Du County, Langya County, Xuzhou. Yang Du is an ancient place name in today's yinan county area.

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& lta href=# target=_blank>。 Yang Du Ancient City Wall Site

Zhuge family is a famous family in the local area, but their ancestral home is not in Yang Du, and their surname is not Zhuge. According to historical records, Zhuge's ancestor, originally named Ge, lived in Zhigou, Zhucheng, Shandong Province, and moved in the early Western Han Dynasty. At that time, there was an Agger family in Yang Du. In order to distinguish it from the local Ge surname, Zhuge Liang's ancestors added the word "Zhu" before the Ge surname to show the origin of this family. From then on, China had the surname "Zhuge".

This is a statue built for Zhuge Liang by the government of yinan county near the county seat, but it doesn't mean that this place is the location of his former residence. Although Zhuge Liang has lived in Yinan for more than ten years, his former residence is still unclear. There is not even an exact site of Zhuge family's former residence in the local area. However, according to scholars' speculation, as Zhuge Liang was born in an official family, generally speaking, his family should live in Yangdu City.

Hanyang is located in Zhuanbu Town, yinan county, and now there is a Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall here.

According to the preliminary excavation of local archaeologists, Yangdu City in Han Dynasty was located at the intersection of Wenhe River and yi river. Fiona Fang is hundreds of kilometers away from Fiona Fang, with flat terrain and fertile land. The Yi River flowing through here has brought infinite vitality to Yang Du.

Because of abundant water resources and convenient irrigation, it has always been the land of fish and rice in southern Shandong.

By the river, what looks like a river bank is the ruins of the city wall of that year. A few years ago, archaeologists discovered a living accumulation layer in the Han Dynasty, where domestic garbage was accumulated. Archaeologically, this is of great significance for studying people's food structure at that time.

As you can imagine, the capital of Yang Du at that time should be such a place: outside the city, rivers flowed and irrigated thousands of hectares of fertile land. The city is rich in products and attracts merchants from all directions. People here don't have to worry about not eating, but they know that books are good and gifts are good. The children here are nourished by beautiful rivers, and they are full of aura.

Yang Du is located at the junction of ancient Qi, Lu and Chu. The openness and enterprising of Qi culture, the emphasis of Lu culture and the romantic fighting spirit of Chu culture all affect the literati students here. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Qilu has been famous for its prosperous Confucian culture. During the Han Dynasty, there were many talented people here.

In the mid-Western Han Dynasty, a famous figure-Zhuge Feng appeared in Zhuge family. Zhuge Feng served as a captain in Li Si during the Han and Yuan Dynasties, which was an important position equivalent to the garrison commander of the capital. He is famous for his strict law enforcement and honesty.

Zhuge Feng's moral demeanor and political character have been passed down from generation to generation and carried forward. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge family suddenly shone brilliantly and became a prominent family in the Three Kingdoms period.

This glory began with two brothers, Zhuge Xuan and Zhuge Xuan.

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& lta href=# target=_blank>。 Yi' nan Zhuge Liang former residence site

Zhuge Xuan, Zhuge Liang's father, is a county magistrate in Taishan County, not far from his hometown. Cheng Jun's position is roughly equivalent to that of the Deputy Commissioner of the Administrative Office.

Zhuge Liang's uncle, Zhuge Xuan, is a famous man with a wide range of friends. He has both the insight and the vision of a celebrity. Among the friends he made when he was young, two people later became all-powerful figures, that is, the great warlords Yuan Shu and Liu Biao.

According to historical records, Zhuge Jue married the Zhang family and gave birth to three men and two women. The eldest son Zhu Gejin, the second son Zhuge Liang and the youngest son Zhuge Jun. After his eldest brother, Zhuge Liang has two older sisters.

Zhuge Liang's eldest brother Zhu Gejin focused on Confucian classics when he was young and was famous for his filial piety. Later, he avoided the Jiangdong Rebellion, was reused by Sun Quan, and was gradually promoted to the highest military position in Dongwu-General. Zhu Gejin's eldest son, Zhuge Ke, shines even more brightly for you. He was once in charge of state affairs, with great power and power.

Zhuge Jun, Zhuge Liang's younger brother, has few historical records, only saying that he always followed Zhuge Liang, and later served as a captain of Changshui in Shu.

Zhuge Liang has a cousin named Zhuge Dan. He has an important military and political position in Wei State and is a very important minister. His descendants are also heroes among the people, serving as officials in Korea one after another.

It can be seen that during this period, Zhuge family was not only full of talents, but also held political power in three countries that were hostile to each other. This phenomenon is extremely rare in the history of China. And the most dazzling star is undoubtedly Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang studied in a school taught by Confucian masters, where he received systematic Confucian training. A few years later, at the age of 0/7, this young student/Kloc-decided to live in seclusion not far from Xiangyang City, working and studying.

In this regard, the most authoritative history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" has only four words. It is said that Zhuge Liang "plowed Long Mu", that is, engaged in agricultural production. As for where he worked, he didn't say a word. In this way, it laid the groundwork for a protracted lawsuit after 1000 years.

This is a famous pen and ink lawsuit at home and abroad. Both Nanyang, Henan and Xiangyang, Hubei believe that "Zhuge Liang's cultivated land" is in their own areas.

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& lta href=# target=_blank>。 Zhuge Liang's hometown: descendants of Zhuge Liang in Linyi, Shandong Province.

The reason why Nanyang is like this is because Zhuge Liang made it very clear in the "Teacher's Watch": "I cultivated Nanyang with cloth clothes." As for the specific location, although there is no clear record in the history books, since the Tang Dynasty, the local people have built a large-scale Wuhou Temple in the west of Nanyang. Today's Nanyang people think that Zhuge Liang's land is in the area of Wuhou Temple.

Xiangyang, Hubei Province believes that Zhuge Liang's farmland should be in the "Longzhong" in the west of Xiangyang City. Because "The History of the Three Kingdoms" specially quoted a historical record named "Hanshu, Jinshu, Chunqiu" in its notes: "Liang's family is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and in Longzhong, posthumous title". Because "Longzhong" belonged to Deng County of Nanyang County at that time, Zhuge Liang said that "farming Nanyang" only refers to Nanyang County, not in Nanyang City. Therefore, since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wuhou Temple was built in Longzhong, Xiangyang. Today, it is a famous tourist attraction in Hubei.

The dispute between the two places has been going on for centuries. Since 1980s, due to the need of tourism propaganda, the dispute between the two sides has greatly escalated. They quoted many classics to refute each other, and their views were so complicated that they could produce a thick book. I won't introduce this film here. However, there is a story that needs to be introduced during the Daoguang period.

The argument about cultivated land may never be compromised. But Zhuge Liang could only live in one place. This place must be quiet, so that you can calm down and study. But it is impossible to stay away from Xiangyang City, because there are his new friends and classmates there. More importantly, Xiangyang was the cultural center of Jingzhou and even the whole country at that time, and there were scholars and teachers from various sects that Zhuge Liang needed to know. Therefore, Longzhong, a small mountain village twenty miles outside Xiangyang, is a place to deal with thoughts. Nanyang, about 500 miles from Xiangyang, is obviously too far away. In addition, Zhuge Liang's farming outside Nanyang City is only two or three miles away from the west gate of Nanyang Ancient City. According to historical records, during Zhuge Liang's farming days, there were frequent wars around Nanyang City, and this farming land seemed too restless.

Maybe Zhuge Liang does live in Longzhong, Xiangyang. Today, when we visit Longzhong, we will find it surrounded by mountains and towering old trees. There are several acres of fertile land in the valley, and there are ancient wells and clear springs on the mountainside. Here, you can not only study with peace of mind, but also cultivate Long Mu.

So what books did Zhuge Liang read here? This is the question that scholars are most interested in through the ages. In other words, how did Zhuge Liang, an ancient wizard, learn?

At this time, a group of clay sculptures at Wuhou Temple in Nanyang showed Zhuge Liang meeting his friends. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang made friends with a group of like-minded intellectuals in Jingzhou. They often get together to learn from each other, talk about the past, discuss the present, pay attention to society and gain insight into the general trend of the world.

While Zhuge Liang made friends everywhere, his family was quietly changing.

According to the records of local chronicles in Xiangyang area, Zhuge Liang's sister married a famous family in Xiangyang shortly after his family came to Xiangyang from Jiangxi. Kuai's family is an important force for Liu Biao to rule Jingzhou, and most of his family members hold important positions in Jingzhou. ZhuanZhuan, Zhuge Liang's eldest brother, later became the prefect. Soon after the elder sister got married, Zhuge Liang's second sister married another famous Pang family in Xiangyang. His brother-in-law is Pang Shanmin, and his father is Pang Degong, a famous academic leader and master in Xiangyang.

This is a mural of Wuhou Temple in Longzhong, which depicts Zhuge Liang's apprentice. Because of his relatives, Zhuge Liang often visited Pang Degong, and every time he went, he bowed respectfully to the elder. Over time, Pang Degong found that this young man is not only polite, but also intelligent and self-restraint that ordinary people don't have. From his speech, we can feel a kind of lofty ambition and refined and refined character. Pang Degong admired Zhuge Liang very much, so he agreed to be Zhuge Liang's teacher and teach him everything he had learned all his life.

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& lta href=# target=_blank>。 Zhuge Liang's hometown is Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall in Yinan, Shandong Province.

Later, Zhuge Liang also met Pang Degong's good friend and great scholar Si Mahui. At that time, scholars paid attention to the word-for-word interpretation and textual research of ancient documents, which was very complicated and tedious, but this knowledge was useless for governing the country and safeguarding the country. On the other hand, Si Mahui attached great importance to the ideological connotation of Confucian classics in order to appreciate the essence of ancient theories. This learning method has a great influence on Zhuge Liang. According to the history books, his reading is "looking at the overall situation alone", that is, looking at the overall situation. This is by no means without understanding. On the contrary, he is very good at understanding the main idea of the book, is diligent in thinking and has his own opinions. He has extensively studied hundred schools of thought's classic works.

Under the guidance of famous teachers, Zhuge Liang's reading entered a new realm.

This is a very special friend made by Zhuge Liang, named Huang. He appreciates Zhuge Liang's character and knowledge. One day, he suddenly said to Zhuge Liang, I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and a black face, but her talent matches you very well. Zhuge Liang actually agreed to this marriage after hearing this.

There is a group of woodcuts in Wuhou Temple in Longzhong that show this famous marriage. This is Huang's daughter named "Huang Yueying". Zhuge Liang's choice of ugly woman as his wife was not only passed down as a joke at that time, but also talked about by later generations today.

People think it's strange. According to the history books, Zhuge Liang is "eight feet long and handsome", which, in present words, is burly and handsome. Coupled with his profound knowledge and good personality, he is simply a "bachelor". People in China have always paid attention to "perfect talent and good looks". At that time, the stories of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao, Lu Bu and Diusim were all standard marriages that were celebrated through the ages. Why did Zhuge Liang marry an ugly woman?

According to legend, their married life is very happy. After Zhuge Liang came out with Liu Bei, he has been fighting in the south and fighting in the north. Huang Yueying worked hard to raise his children at home. Legend has it that this lady is extremely clever. She invented a wooden robot that can grind noodles. Later, with the help of Huang Yueying, Zhuge Liang invented the "wooden ox and flowing horse".

Although Huang Yueying is clever and virtuous, she is a little ugly after all. Throughout the ages, many people have been sorry for Zhuge Liang. However, in Huang Yueying's hometown of Xiangfan, Hubei Province, this talented woman is not ugly at all in a temple built by local people, and there are touching stories about her.

Local: "Huang Yueying's nickname is gillian. She is very beautiful. I heard that Zhuge Liang was knowledgeable and had a good personality, so I admired him and proposed to my father. She asked her father to say that he was ugly in front of Zhuge Liang to see if he was an ordinary person who judged people by their appearances. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang readily agreed. On the wedding day, Huang Yueying was covered with a red cloth. She wanted to test whether Zhuge Liang was really willing and did not hesitate to uncover the red veil. I didn't expect Zhuge Liang to really unveil the veil without saying anything. Facing Huang Yueying's beauty, Zhuge Liang thought he was mistaken. At this time, the beaming bride told the story. It is said that after people got married, the girl's red hijab was learned from Huang Yueying. "

After marriage, Zhuge Liang suddenly found that the social relationship between his father-in-law and his family was very complicated. Father-in-law and Liu Biao are brother-in-law. At that time, Cai Mao, a leading figure in Jingzhou, married two younger sisters to Liu Biao and Huang Cheng Yan respectively. In other words, Liu Biao is now not only a good friend of Uncle Zhuge Liang, but also his wife's uncle, and the relationship is further. Cai Mao, who held an important military post in Jingzhou, became Zhuge Liang's wife's uncle.

However, by virtue of the relationship between Huang and Yu, Zhuge Liang has further ties with Jingzhou's political and military circles. Through these channels, Zhuge Liang, who lives in Longzhong, can quickly understand the development of the current situation, the political trends of various figures such as the imperial court and governors, and the insider activities of various political groups at that time. This information is very important to Zhuge Liang, who is paying close attention to the current situation and analyzing its development direction. Later, when Liu Bei visited the shanzhai, Zhuge Liang took out the famous planning case "Longzhong Dui", which was a set of strategic thoughts formed after he fully understood and correctly analyzed the world situation.