What does classical Chinese in Ming Dynasty mean?

1. The meaning of the first name in classical Chinese is very clear. In Xiao Ji, written by Cheng, there is a joke that a person has learned to kiss his relatives. I put cicadas in Confucian towels when I entered the venue as a freshman. Cicada chirped in the towel, and everyone sitting together laughed when they heard its voice coming from the Confucian towel. The master punished the foul and investigated the reason why he laughed. They all said, "A student laughs because his Confucian scarf has sound." The master called his men to the front to blame him. The student shouted, "Today, when the student entered the stadium, his father stopped him and put the cicada in the towel. Climbing up and down is very uncomfortable. Students dare not throw it under his father's orders. " The host was very angry and asked him why he put the cicada in the towel. He replied, "it means' head singer'."

The joke means that an official in charge of the imperial examination went to visit an examination room. When one of the candidates entered school, he wore a cicada in a Confucian towel on his head. Cicada cried (during the exam), and the candidates in the audience couldn't help laughing. The invigilator called the laughing candidates a foul and asked them why they laughed. They all said, "There is a sound in the examinee's Confucian towel, which makes them laugh." The examiner called the examinee again and prepared to punish him. The examinee shouted, "When I came to take the exam today, my father stopped me and put a cicada in my Confucian towel. It is very uncomfortable to climb around inside. " Because my father's orders cannot be disobeyed, I can't throw them away. "The examiner was very angry and asked why the cicada was put in the headscarf. Candidates answer: "Take the first name" (the first place). "

2. What does classical Chinese mean? 1. Definition: Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese.

Classical Chinese is an article composed of written language in ancient China, mainly including written language based on spoken language in pre-Qin period. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and other styles.

2. Features: The characteristics of classical Chinese are: separation of speech and writing, concise writing. Compared with vernacular Chinese (including spoken and written language), the characteristics of classical Chinese are mainly manifested in grammar and vocabulary.

3. Structure: (1) The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence that uses nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates to judge the subject. Its common form is as follows: 1). "... Zhe, ... is also" ",... is also" ",... Zhe also" "... Zhe, ..." "... Zhe also" and so on.

For example, "Chen She people are also from Yangcheng." (historical records. Chen She family)-Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng.

(2) "Although Cao Cao is a famous Han Xiang, he is actually a Han thief." (Zi Jian) ③ Yi, an ancient sharpshooter.

("Guanzi Situation Solution" back to 64) 4 "Four people, Lu Zhi, father of Changle Wang, father of Yu, father of An Shangchun." (Wang Anshi's trip) (5) If you are shocked, Zhou didn't make a move.

2) Adverbs "Nai", "Namely", "Ze", "Du", "Shi", "Cheng" and "Wei" are used to express judgment. This is the autumn when I was in service.

"(1) I don't know the palace in the sky, what year is this evening. (2) is now in the tomb.

(3) Fu Liang that chu will Xiang Yan. (4) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.

3) Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. Such as: "Six countries collapse, not bad soldiers, bad wars, bad Qin.

"(1) Climb high and recruit, and you can see far without lengthening your arms. (2) The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the soldiers are not strong, and there are not many meters.

(3) The North Sea is not too mountainous. Passive sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of action, which is a passive sentence.

Its common types are: 1). See ... see ... in the passive voice. For example, "I often laugh at a generous family.

"(1) I'm afraid to see deceives you. (2) Qin Cheng was afraid that he could not get it, but saw his bullying.

(3) so confused in Zheng Xiu, deceives in yi cheung. (4) Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu.

2) For, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for Yu ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... For ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for

"(1) to die, laugh for the world. (2) For the country, no ambassador will be taken away by Wikipedia.

(3) Serve the Group in terms of income. (4) first fear for fuck.

Inverted sentences in ancient Chinese are relative to the sentence order in modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide inversion sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and verb inversion. 1). Preposition object The so-called prepositional object is the component that is usually used as an object and placed in front of the predicate verb to express emphasis.

For example, the word "zhi" in "disagree" is the prepositional object. Preposition objects are usually divided into four situations.

(1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects. What is the king doing here? Wes, who are we going home with? (2) In negative sentences, pronouns are objects and prepositions are objects.

For example, "ancient people are not arrogant." (3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi".

For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I'm confused." "Studying hard is urgent and rare.

(4) Preposition objects in prepositional phrases. For example, "Why else would the book be here?" 2) Attributive postposition usually puts the attribute before the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put the attribute after the head word.

For example, "Earthworms have no advantages as minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. They eat soil and drink yellow water, but also with their hearts. " Among them, "benefit" and "strength" are post-attributes.

The attributive postposition in classical Chinese has the following situations. (1) Postposition the attribute with "zhi".

For example, "How many people are there in a big world?" (2) Use the postposition of "zhe". For example, "a horse can travel thousands of miles and eat one stone at a time."

"3. Adverbials are postpositioned in ancient Chinese. Preposition structures are adverbials and are often placed after sentences as complements. For example, "to be rich" is a prepositional phrase that is placed at the end of a sentence as a complement.

4). verb inversion is rare and is often used to express strong exclamation. I'm very sorry, but you are not well.

""come on, wind. " "Beautiful, I am a youth in China.

"[Exercise] Judge the sentence patterns in the following sentences. (1) It is impossible to protect the people and be king.

(2) There is no difference in love between the king and the people. (3) What is virtue, then you can be king? (4) How do you know I can do it? Elliptic sentences in classical Chinese generally contain ellipsis. Grasping the ellipsis helps to fully understand the meaning of the sentence.

The provincial sentence in classical Chinese is usually: 1). Omit the subject. (1) Carry forward the former provinces.

For example, "there are different snakes in Yongzhou wild, black and white." (2) carry forward the province.

For example, "Pei Gong said to me,' Gong' I'm going to join the army and enter the army. ""(3) self-reported provinces.

For example, "(giving) love is a stream. When it enters two or three miles, (giving) is the home of those who are particularly unique." (4) Dialogue province.

Such as: "(Mencius) said:' solo music (yuè) music (lè), tongle music (yuè) music (lè), which music (lè)? "(The king) said,' If you are not with others. "2). Omit the predicate.

For example, "One drum is full of energy, then (drum) will decline and three drums will be exhausted." 3). Omit the object.

For example, "You can burn it and leave." 4). Omit the prepositional object.

For example, "read it in public, let the mink out and cover the door." 5). Omit the preposition "Yu".

Today, the clock was put in the water, although no sound was heard in the storm. [Exercise] Fill in the omitted components in the following sentences.

(1) ran's taste in also, so the surname is creek for Ran Xi. (2) Therefore, Ximen Bao is a famous imperial edict.

(3) It's two strategies, not passive music. (4) all the mountains are flat and covered.

Fixed structure (1) and questionable fixed structure are: helpless, how, how, how, what, what, if ... what, such as (nai) ... what, which is it, is it ... which one is it? Take my treasure instead of our city What can we do? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) My son brought his elk to our city to relax. What? (Battle of the Wars) How about 3 being different from each other? ("Zuo zhuan Qi Huangong Chu") (4) What about pot calling the kettle black? (。

3. Interpretation of the classical Chinese "A Que": "There are two magpies in the sun arch of Daci Mountain, and the bird's nest has children. One of the mothers was beaten by a stork, and the second son lost his mother. He sang. While feeding the child, if you feel sorry for it, go and save it, that is, take up a place to feed the child, if the child is natural.

Hey! Magpie, a bird, is not human, but can be righteous. Why are people not as good as birds? "

It stands to reason that people should be more progressive than animals, but in real life, some people betray their friends for glory, are heartless, and what they do is inhuman. This righteous act of raising neighbors with righteous magpies denounces those who are inhuman and unfair to Bacillus subtilis.

The shady side of this mountain is the south.

Nested gerund nesting

Easy to lack

Main idea: A big bird was caught by an ostrich, and two little birds had no mother. . . . Another big bird will take care of it.

The last sentence is a sentence expressing meaning by name.

Make up your own feelings

4. Dare not raise objections/questions about the interpretation of classical Chinese blockbusters/16748478. There are still friendly generals in society.

Above, soaring into the sky.

translate

Chunyu Kun is a son-in-law, a petty official and a trespasser of the State of Qi. "I beheaded him with a stick and sword:" Stealing a dollar a day skyrocketed. Civil and military officials are also dissolute and indulgent. Funny? You can only beat me for three years without making any noise and behead a small official yourself; If you don't sing, you will; He sent troops to defend the enemy: "This bird is already dead if it doesn't fly, and it can't kill me. Chunyu Kun said it was hidden. " Dear Cliff, I'm going to greet Yun. I'm Qi's son-in-law, too. "

After the verdict, the vassals invaded so that they could drink and debauchery! "

Zhang Guai-ya saw that small officials dared to contradict each other, dripping water wears away the stone, and stealing thousands in a thousand days. Less than seven feet long, he said angrily, I suddenly saw a small official sneaking out of the vault in a panic, so you tortured me and rewarded someone: "It's money in the vault, too," said He Zudao with a dollar.

One day. Qi Weiwang liked to guess riddles when he was in office. "So he imperial edict to seventy-two county chief. Baidu, admitted stealing it from the vault. Chongyang people have been handed down to this day: I know that I have money under my temples, and I have never been humiliated: "The big state-owned bird landed in the king's yard." One yuan a day, Wang guessed what bird it was, hoping to help you, and I have never been humiliated: "The big state-owned bird is eloquent. These words are recorded in Tianwan Family. Zhang Guai-ya called a small official and appointed a government official. In the thirty-sixth year of Wissing, the national crisis/topic/16748478.

Zhang Guaiya escorted the beadle back to the lobby, and Shentai Mansion disintegrated. The governors are very scared. For thousands of days, a strange tooth throws a pen to reward one person. He traveled to vassal States and the clouds many times. He rushed out less than seven feet tall. The warlord was shocked, but he defeated me. It took a long time. Language in Tianwan Family. When I was in Qi Weiwang, it was a blockbuster. Flies could chop wood and block the imperial court. If you don't sing, there will be: "This bird will not fly, because it won't sing for three years." Good cliff life stick, funny and argumentative. People in Chongyang area are still chanting and praising his achievements. Recent ministers dared not remonstrate, and countries invaded: "What's the big deal with a dollar?" . Those small officials refused to accept it. Under questioning, entrust national affairs to Dr. Qing? I can stick to me. He walks around the yamen. Zhang Guaiya wanted to find an opportunity to severely punish this behavior, and the official flew into a rage. At that time? "Said the king, and the rope was sawed off. Hundreds of officials were thrown into chaos. Qi's prestige has been maintained for 36 years, holding a sword, ordering torture, and serving as a county magistrate in Qianyang, all of which invaded the land!

The history of Zhang Guaiya's severe punishment of pollution

original text

Zhang Guai's teeth were waiting for Chongyang, but the beadle couldn't pass the buck, so he did not hesitate to pick up the brush to pronounce the sentence.

5. Explain the original text in classical Chinese:

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Leave the mosquito in the vegetable tent, use it to spray smoke, make it fly against the smoke, and make it look like a white crane in Qingyun, and make it happy like a crane floating in the clouds.

Question:

1 explanation: strengths (neck, neck) smoke (slow)

2 The usage of the following dotted words is different from other items: (a)

[of]

What A wants to do is to make B look up at C and make it smoke and fly, and D look, because B C D stands for mosquito and is synonymous.

3 contains a wildcard (d)

A fruit flies like a cloud, and B keeps mosquito accounts. C is satisfied with it, and D is strong, because it is strong and hard.

4 explain sentences,

(1). I compare them to cranes flying in the air.

(2) Leave mosquitoes in the vegetable account and leave mosquitoes in the non-vegetable account.

5. Mainly described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. How do you think you can become an interesting person after learning the text "Tong Qu"? 1 Careful observation 2 Rich association and imagination 3 Rich childlike innocence

6.& lt& gt During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Chunyu Kun in the State of Qi. He is eloquent and good at conversation. He often matches something.

Interesting code words, to convince the monarch, so that the monarch is not only not angry, but also willing to accept.

At that time, the King of Qi was originally a wise monarch, but he became addicted to debauchery after he ascended the throne.

Regardless of national affairs, I only know how to drink and have fun every day, and I leave important things to the minister, but I don't care. because

As a result, politics was not on the right track, officials were corrupt and dereliction of duty, and governors of various countries also took the opportunity to invade, which made Qi on the verge of extinction.

On the brink of death.

Although some patriots in Qi were worried, they were all afraid of the King of Qi, and no one came out to persuade them.

Suggestions.

In fact, Qi Weiwang is a very clever man. He likes to say some argot to show his wisdom, although he doesn't like listening.

Other people's suggestions, but if they are correct, he will still accept them. When Chunyu Kun found out, he came up with a plan

Policy, ready to find a chance to persuade Qi Weiwang.

One day, Chunyu Kun met him and said, "Your Majesty, I want you to guess a riddle for Chen."

This state-owned juicy bird lived in the king's court for three years, but it didn't flap its wings or be named.

Just curled up aimlessly, guess, your majesty, what kind of bird is this? "

Qi Weiwang is a wise man. You can hear from his words that Chunyu Kun is satirizing himself, a country like a big bird.

Respect, but nothing, only pleasure. When he was no longer a fatuous king, so was Shen Yin.

He resolutely decided to turn over a new leaf, cheer up and do something vigorous, so he said to Chunyu Kun:

"Well, this big bird, you don't know, it doesn't fly, it doesn't rush into the sky, it doesn't make a sound, it makes a sound.

Will disturb everyone, you wait and see! "

From then on, Qi Weiwang stopped drinking and began to rectify the country. First of all, he called on officials all over the country to be loyal and responsible.

Give rewards; Those corrupt and incompetent people will be punished. As a result, the whole country quickly cheered and was everywhere.

Full of vigor and vitality.

On the other hand, he also set out to rectify the army and use strong force to establish the prestige of the country. When the governors of various countries heard the news,

Everyone was shocked, not only did they dare not invade again, but even returned all the land they had occupied to Qi.

What Qi Weiwang did was really a "blockbuster"!

Therefore, people later used the idiom "blockbuster" to describe a person with extraordinary talent, as long as he can.

If you use it well, once you play it out, you will often have amazing achievements.