What are Ma Sanli’s theories?

The charm of Ma Sanli's cross talk lies in his humor. He often reveals the truth of life in a leisurely and seemingly wordy way. Or in seemingly irrelevant places, they cleverly communicate the inner connections between different phenomena, making the smiles refuse to fade away from people's faces for several days. The cross talk performed by Ma Sanli is the art of laughter, but he seems to be stingy when giving people laughter. Without rich life experience and understanding and experience of human affairs, without flexible ways of thinking and habits, without a dual grasp of the right and wrong of life, good and evil, rationality and passion, it will be difficult for you to enjoy the laughter he brings to you. Voice. Therefore, it is not easy to truly understand and appreciate his cross talk. Because of this, the understanding and evaluation of this artistic master who has been talking about cross talk all his life has only begun in recent years. This article is unable to complete such a major task, but I just want to share some superficial views on the humorous characteristics of his cross talk.

　　　　　　一

It should be natural to connect cross talk with humor. Most crosstalks are highly comedic, and humor is a specific form of comedy. But there are at least two viewpoints that hinder the natural connection between cross talk and humor. One point of view is that humor should not be shown in cross talk. The basis is that as a comedy performing art, the realization of the purpose and effect of cross talk is inseparable from the immediate and enthusiastic response of laughter. If people's laughter is delayed and tepid, the entire meaning of cross talk is either weakened or destroyed. Although humor can express some unconventional and meaningful content, it is precisely because of its profound meaning that the appreciator must spend some time to understand it when accepting it, which delays the immediate burst of laughter and leads to " inactive". At the same time, it is also because of its profound meaning. Once the appreciator understands it, he will chew and enjoy it deep in his heart and enjoy himself, while what is exposed outside will be rare and lukewarm. This view is obviously caused by a narrow understanding of the comedy and humorous connotations of cross talk. Since cross talk is a highly comic art, it is impossible and has no reason not to express all specific forms of comedy, including humor. Regardless of the specific forms of comedy, cross talk can and should be expressed in its inherent artistic way. This has been confirmed by the tradition and practical practice of cross talk art. In addition, compared with forms such as comedy and satire, humor certainly has its own special nature and corresponding scope, but this does not change the comedic nature of humor itself. The characteristics of humor only require the appreciator to appreciate it in a way that meets its requirements, but the result of appreciation is still a comic effect - laughter, and only through laughter can it achieve its purpose. Crosstalk may have shown more comical and satirical contents in its past history, but this only shows that in a certain historical time and space, in the relationship between art and the viewer, comedy and satire are particularly important in the art of crosstalk. can produce results. But once these restrictions and conditions are changed, to put it bluntly, when humor occupies an important position in life, and when people appreciate humor and enjoy it more than comedy and satire, it is impossible for cross talk to exclude humor from its performance. outside the scope. In fact, Ma Sanli's cross talk has provided us with excellent evidence. His cross talk expresses a large number of humorous life events, humorous characters, humorous thoughts and humorous tastes, and has been successful to a considerable extent, forming his unique eccentricity, whimsy and whimsy. , the artistic characteristics of adding humor to comedy and combining coldness to farce. His cross talk tells us that cross talk can not only express humor, but also has a vast world.

Another point of view that affects the natural connection between cross talk and humor is: humor is the most advanced form of comedy. If cross talk improves its value, it must and can only move closer to humor. As we all know, comedy can be divided into different forms, such as comedy, satire, humor and modern comedy forms that need to be defined. Due to the accumulation of history, experience and the tempering of real life, people today may prefer humor. The emergence of a large number of humorous art and humor theories, as well as the establishment of humorous mood and humorous personality, are all manifestations of humor being increasingly valued by people. Due to the emphasis, it is easy to lead to a special preference for humor. Due to the preference, it is concluded that humor is the most advanced form of comedy. In my opinion, all different art forms and aesthetic categories, including specific comedy forms, should not be divided into such grades.

The fundamental reason lies in the fundamental difference between art and aesthetics and material and other fields of consciousness, which is that the former emphasizes individuality, while the latter emphasizes sex. Otherwise we would not be able to explain why today’s art may not be superior to ancient art. Although there is a historical and logical evolutionary relationship between burlesque, satire, humor or other modern comedy forms, this evolutionary relationship only shows that the content of comedy is constantly enriched and expanded. Funny, satire, and humor all have their own unique content and value, and it is precisely with their special content and value that they simultaneously express the rich and profound meaning of comedy. In terms of comedy, although it is the initial form of comedy, it is also the advanced form of comedy. High-end comedy is always funny. Therefore, compared with other comedy forms, humor only has some differences, differences or personalities in the aesthetic subject and object. It is not superior to other forms a priori. If humor is superior to other comedy forms, it is only good. Humor, otherwise, humor can still be reduced to glib or pretentious games and showoff. Ma Sanli's cross talk belongs to this kind of good humor. His humor not only gave the cross talk a fresh and attractive content and style, but also restored the inherent connection with my country's inherent humor tradition, and gained widespread popularity and popularity among the masses. Popularity. With his many years of artistic practice, Ma Sanli has successfully naturally connected cross talk with humor. The humor in his cross talk is valuable and kind.

　　　　　　　二

Humor is different from funny. Comics come from objects that are completely irrational or purely ugly and are controlled and controlled by people's real power. When this kind of object conflicts with those reasonable and beautiful things and tries to become a reasonable and beautiful thing, it will not only lead to a failure and laughable ending, but also make people express their ridicule and ridicule to it. joyful emotion. Humor is also different from satire. Although satire also comes from objects that have completely lost their rationality or are ugly, these objects often still have some real power in a certain time and space. Satire is to expose the truth that the object of satire should and must fail in the conflict with reasonable and good things. To expose, ridicule, and criticize the object of satire is not so much to show its irrationality as to try to shake and eliminate its power, and then to express people's absolute sense of superiority and justice against it.

Humor is an aesthetic grasp of the conflict between reasonable and beautiful things and unreasonable and ugly things that tolerate and transform each other. We say that Ma Sanli's cross talk is extremely humorous, because most of his cross talk is based on the mutual tolerance and transformation of opposing factors, and the content of his cross talk is found. In our lives and in everyone's words and deeds, not everything and every sentence is perfect, and there may be something right and beautiful among the wrong and ugly things. Generally speaking, whenever there are irrational factors in reasonable things, and there are reasonable factors in irrational things, humor will appear. If you can see the rationality in very irrational things, you can find the irrationality in very reasonable things. , the humor becomes stronger. This happens a lot in Ma Sanli's cross talk. A daydreamer walks down the street hoping to find money. This hope is so strong that even if I see a piece of paper on the ground, I will go over and kick it with my foot. People asked why this was the case, and he said: "Maybe it's not (money), or I won't look at it." This is completely ridiculous. When others accused him of being immoral and unreasonable, he said: "That's because he doesn't wait." "Use money." ("Choose the Line") It is absurd to dream about money during the day, but isn't it also consistent with being anxious about money and fantasizing about unexpected gains from the street? A man who suffered from constant itching all over his body saw a quack doctor selling a secret recipe handed down from his ancestors to treat itching. As if he had found a treasure, he bought it at home and peeled off the packaging of the secret recipe. He saw that there was a package inside the paper, and there was paper inside the package. It was very mysterious. After many twists and turns, I finally saw a ball of paper. I opened it and saw that there was no ancestral secret recipe. There was only two words: scratch. Damn it, it's a scam. But if you think about it carefully, it feels better if you don't scratch it. ("Scratch") This is Ma Sanli's humor. He captures the connection between the reasonable and unreasonable of things, and in their mutual tolerance, they form a comic contradiction.

It is precisely because of the mutual tolerance of opposing elements in humor that after they form a comic contradiction, the two contradictory parties not only maintain an opposition, but also transform into each other.

Therefore, in humor, things that are affirmed are often denied in another sense, and things that are denied may be affirmed in another sense. Confucius was an ancient philosopher who was highly respected by the orthodox classes of all ages. But among the people, people have always ridiculed rather than respected Confucius. Ma Sanli has inherited this folk tradition and has his own special attitude. In his cross talk, Confucius is a sage, but the sage suffered from hunger and also engaged in deception. When others questioned him, he was still confident and relied on others to frame good people. With the customary attitude of the people, Ma Sanli peeled off the dazzling coat of the saint through Confucius cheating him into eating Yuanxiao, exposed his ugliness, and ruthlessly denied Confucius's incompetence. However, as a saint, he had learned a lot, but he fell into despair. Doesn’t the situation of money and food not arouse our sympathy for the saints? From sympathy to the saint who won a meal with his own wit without causing any loss to his personal reputation, it can also arouse a little appreciation from us. Ma Sanli is good at deeply and accurately understanding the rationality and irrationality of things from complex phenomena, and he can express this profound rationality in a concise and interesting way at any time and anywhere. The acquisition of this ability did not come from the enlightenment and training in philosophy textbooks, but from the tempering and understanding of living in the lower class for many years.