Biographies of foreign historical celebrities

Johann wolfgang von goethe (1749- 1832) was the most important playwright, poet and thinker in Germany and Europe from the middle of18th century to the beginning of19th century. Goethe has made outstanding achievements in literary theory, philosophy, history, modeling design and other aspects besides poetry, drama and novels. On October 28th, 2005, zweites deutsches fernsehen voted for the greatest German, and Goethe ranked 7th. In addition, the headset brand Goethe.

Goethe 1749 was born in a wealthy citizen's family in Frankfurt Town (now Hesse) on August 28th. He studied law at Leipzig University and Strasbourg University and worked as a lawyer for a short time. When he was young, he dreamed of becoming a painter. While painting, he also began to create literature. But when he saw the works of famous Italian painters, he felt that no matter how hard he tried, he could not compare with those masters, so he began to concentrate on literary creation. 1775- 1786 in order to improve the real society, he applied to be an official in the principality of Weimar, but there was no result. 1June 786 went to Italy to concentrate on natural science and engage in painting and literary creation. 1788 After returning to Weimar, he served as theater director. Goethe was the main leader of the German hurricane movement. His works are full of the rebellious spirit of soaring movement, and he has made great achievements in poetry, drama and prose. His major works include the script Gotz von Beresingen, the novella Young Werther, the unfinished poetic drama Prometheus and the prototype of the poetic drama Faust. Faust: Besides, he also wrote many lyric poems and critical articles. In the first ten years of Goethe's stay in Weimar, Goethe was busy with affairs and seldom wrote. After arriving in Italy, he successively completed some works that he had started, including Iphigenia in Taliz and Egmont, as well as some chapters in Tasso and Faust. Goethe's creations in his later years are extremely rich, such as autobiographical works Poetry and Truth, Travels in Italy, novels Affinity and William Meister's Roaming Times, lyric poetry collection and the second volume of Faust, which were completed shortly before his death. These works show Goethe's thought of attaching importance to practice and affirming to work for human happiness, indicating that the positive factors in his thought have increased compared with the previous period. The completion of the second part of Faust highlights Goethe's new development in thought and art in his later years. 1832 On March 22nd, Goethe passed away. His last words were: "Give me more lights." This reflects his optimism as a great writer. Goethe is the most outstanding representative of German national literature. His works have raised German literature to the advanced level in Europe and made great contributions to the development of European literature.

Childhood family experience

In Goethe's mind, father is strict and serious. Goethe's mother comforted, protected and inspired Goethe with tender and considerate maternal love different from his father, which made him have a strong interest in studying happily and consistently, and tried her best to cultivate Goethe's ability to correctly understand literature. When Goethe was a child, his mother often put him on his lap and told him all kinds of interesting stories. Mother's language expression ability is very strong and her vocabulary is very rich. Goethe is often fascinated by it. Perhaps it is this gift inherited from his mother that Goethe is always famous for knowing all kinds of funny jokes among his friends. After Goethe came of age, his mother was still his partner to discuss his creation with him. At the same time, his mother also played a role in stimulating his creative enthusiasm. The mother must read everything about her son's works and always give appropriate comments. Goethe said with deep feelings: "From my father, I got a strong body and an upright outlook on life, while from my mother, I inherited her optimistic personality and language expression ability."

Beautiful monster

Goethe came into contact with Shakespeare as early as when he was studying in Leipzig. He first came into contact with Selected Works of Shakespeare, which Goethe later thought was the happiest period in his life. Shakespeare's plays greatly expanded Goethe's spiritual vision and made him feel that he had a major theme to write, which could not be expressed on a narrow stage, but only in a short time suitable for simple drama. After reading Autobiography of Gotz published by 173 1, he found his ideal figure in this knight. He decided to make a historical treatment of the relevant materials, and at the same time, he wanted to give full play to his artistic imagination, so that the drama could transcend the limitations of the stage in form and strive to make the plot vivid. After Goethe was written, Goethe found his friend Merck and showed him the manuscript. Merck appreciated it and spoke highly of it. At the end of the year, Goethe sent it to Herder, who gave him some harsh opinions. So Goethe modified (basically rewritten) the play, and the rewriting was completed in 1733. The rewritten version of Gotz reveals the inner conflicts of the main characters in the play more deeply, and focuses on portraying the image of knight Gotz as a self-rescuer, instead of focusing on the spontaneous and powerful struggle of the oppressed peasants as in the first draft. As soon as this work came out, it immediately caused a sensation in Germany, became a major event in the literary world, and caused a wide and huge response. Welland described it as a "beautiful monster" and then pointed out: "If only we had more such monsters."

Song of Sesenheim

Goethe's teaching from Herder is profound. It was this event that showed a new world in the field of poetry-folk songs. Held collected and excavated the treasure house of folk literature extensively, and published 1778 and 1779, The Voices of People of All Nationalities. Under the influence and encouragement of Herder, Goethe also began to collect folk songs around Strasbourg. The contact with folk songs made Goethe's poetry creation in this period undergo fundamental changes, especially his lyric poetry creation in this period laid a solid foundation for him to become a great German poet in the future. Among them, the most prominent are A Journey to Thursenheim and Song of Thursenheim. In his poems, he breaks away from convention and expresses his feelings directly to readers. He adopted a stepped structure: after praising the spring, vibrant and flowery nature, the poet prayed for love, which, as the supreme law, proved that nature is "constantly striving for self-improvement". In view of the outdated norms of German citizens' love life and marriage life determined by the economic base, he called for the supremacy of love, declared that lovers were morally equal, and pointed out the social significance of this love relationship. The structure of ode and the form of folk songs are combined into a new lyric poem, which is unprecedented in German poetry.

Die Leiden des jungen Werthers

1774 In the four weeks from early February to March, Goethe suddenly became a problem for young Werther.

[2] Successfully completed the epistolary novel The Trouble of Young Werther. The Trouble of Young Werther is full of the love and hate of young people in the era of "charging from the front" in Germany, the yearning for a better life and the accusation against the decadent society. Victor in the book is a teenager who is good at poetry and painting, pure and affectionate, and loves nature. He came to a secluded village, completely immersed in the life of nature, like a butterfly, swimming in the fragrant sea. Contact with children and civilians made him more naive. Soon, he met a lively young girl Charlotte at a dance and fell in love with her at first sight. But Charlotte is engaged and can't give her love to Victor. In July, Charlotte's fiance came back, and Victor finally woke up from a sweet dream. He wanted to leave. So, Victor coaxed himself, lingering, reluctant to leave. However, his previous pure natural interest no longer exists; Thought began to contradict, and emotion and reason began to conflict. He is aware of his contradictory situation, but he has no detached power. He has thought of suicide. Here, the author describes a rebel's inevitable life feeling of getting rid of all the shackles of the times. Progressive intellectuals are encouraged because this book describes one of them. After the publication of young werther, Goethe became a writer praised by the whole world.

Edit this passage from Goethe's works

Gertz von bell Hinggan is the first German realistic historical drama. Goetz was originally a German Charise Carnes in16th century. He once took part in the peasant uprising and later betrayed the peasants. As a representative of a knight and a dying class, Gotz's action against the existing system is a tragic confrontation between the knight class and the emperor and feudal lords [3]. But under Goethe's pen, Goethe was written as a hero who opposed feudal tyranny and strived for freedom and unity. He deeply sympathized with the people's sufferings and rebuked those rulers who fought for rights and brought disaster to the country and people, so he was loved by the people. The condemnation of the dark society at that time, the ardent yearning for freedom and unity, and the praise of heroes who resisted by individuals all showed the spirit of sturm und drang. In art, the play adopts the method of Shakespeare's drama creation. Young werther is an epistolary novel. Victor, the hero, is a young man from a citizen's family. He yearns for a free and equal life and hopes to engage in useful practical work. However, the society around him is full of class prejudice and vulgar habits. Conservative and corrupt officialdom, vulgar and obedient citizens, arrogant aristocrats constantly clashed with the reality around them, and he himself fell into hopeless love and finally embarked on the road of suicide. The conflict between Victor and society is of anti-feudal significance. Through Witt's tragedy, the novel exposes and criticizes many unreasonable realities in German society at that time, and expresses the revolutionary sentiment of the awakened German youth. Therefore, as soon as it was published, it aroused strong repercussions, formed Witte fever, and soon spread to European countries, becoming the first literary work of various countries with great international influence. The work tells the story of 24-year-old Victor living a naive, lively and carefree life relying on his father's inheritance. On his way to a dance, he met a girl named Green by chance and fell in love at first sight. Charlotte Biar was engaged first, and she deeply loved Mr. Chen, who was conscientious, gentle and kind. However, it is difficult for Victor to restrain his passionate love. He is close to Charlotte, and Charlotte has him in her heart and regards him as a confidant. However, Albert is so broad-minded and amiable that he is Charlotte's favorite. In the emotional entanglement, Victor fell into the abyss of pain and could not extricate himself. He tried to leave, but his heart could not be calm, and his passionate love for Charlotte was rejected. In the end, Victor, desperate in the spiritual world, chose to commit suicide on Christmas Eve. Prometheus is a song Prometheus.

Germany is a poetic drama based on ancient Greek mythology. Although the script has not been finished, the fragments handed down have expressed Goethe's strong anti-feudal spirit when he was young. Prometheus in the play denies Zeus' rights, opposes Zeus' arrogance and wants to create a new human being who despises Zeus as much as he does. Victor's lack of tenacity is reflected in this mythical figure. The play Egmont is based on/kloc-the history of the Dutch people's struggle against Spain in the 6th century. Egmont was a vacillating aristocratic opposition in history, and Goethe wrote him as a hero fighting for national freedom and unity, which was loved by the people. However, he lacked positive action and advocated taking moderate measures, and was finally executed. The play still retains the revolutionary sentiment of the hurricane movement, but the rebellious spirit of the characters has been reduced. Iphigenia of Doris is based on Greek mythology. The hero Iphigenia is in a foreign country, but he can move the king with perfect character and fraternity, change the barbaric customs there, and establish the principles of humanity and justice. Faust is Goethe's masterpiece. It took him 60 years to write this masterpiece. The first one in Faust

The first part was completed in 1808 when the French invaded, and the second part was completed in 183 1 August 3 1 year, when he was 83 years old. This immortal poetic drama. Taking German folklore as the theme and German and European society since the Renaissance as the background, this paper writes that a senior intellectual of the emerging bourgeoisie is dissatisfied with reality and tries his best to explore the meaning of life and the ideal life path. It is a poetic drama that perfectly combines realism and romanticism. Although Master William's Roaming Times is not as attractive as Master William's Learning Times, it focuses on the search for an ideal social system, believing that people can only obtain the meaning of collective welfare through active labor, and its thoughts are relatively open and positive. Many of Goethe's lyric poems in his later years shone with the light of materialism and optimism, and shone brilliantly in the German literary world where negative romantic literature prevailed at that time. The completion of the second part of Faust shows Goethe's new development in thought and art in his later years. Goethe is the most outstanding representative of German national literature. His creation raised German literature to the advanced level in Europe and made great contributions to the development of European literature.

Other achievements

As we all know, Goethe is a great poet, novelist, dramatist and outstanding thinker. However, few people know that he is also a scientific researcher, and he involves many subjects: he is engaged in the study of animal and plant morphology, anatomy, color, optics, mineralogy, geology and so on. , and made commendable achievements in some fields, such as his discovery of human jawbone in 1784. Although the French scientist Vic Dassault had discovered it four years before this, Goethe did it independently without his knowledge. Goethe was also a political activist. He is a minister of Weimar Principality and carries out some progressive policies. However, few people know that Goethe is still a painter, or more accurately, a landscape painter with great attainments. Goethe is extremely active in nature and has a strong thirst for knowledge. He extended his spiritual touch to all fields of human knowledge, and he wanted to have all the means to reflect the inner world of human beings and observe and understand the outer world. His wisdom, diligence, deep vision, keen sense and 82-year-old longevity have made him make great contributions in different fields, mainly in literary creation. In the art of painting, from childhood to old age, he has always had a strong interest, and almost always practiced enthusiastically, drawing as many as 2,700 paintings, most of which are landscape paintings, including those he painted during his scientific research and those he copied the human body.