Why did the Qing court flatter Guan Yu and belittle Yue Fei?

For us Chinese sons and daughters, Yue Fei is lofty and tall. He devoted himself to the Northern Expedition, revived China and rescued his compatriots from the quagmire. He fought like a god, fought many battles and suffered few defeats. He loved his people as a son, and his military discipline was solemn, so that Jin people were terrified of him and lamented that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army"!

But strangely enough, Yue Fei lags far behind Guan Yu in official position. When Guandi Temple spread all over the country, Yuefei Temple was rarely seen. What is the reason?

During the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei was unjustly killed, which made the whole country unfair. Twenty years after Yue Fei's death, that is, the thirty-second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 162). He abdicated this year. What about his adopted son Zhao? Y became the son of heaven. The filial son of heaven was bent on restoring his ancestral business and the northern territory taken away by the Jin people, so he decided to "correct his name" for Yue Fei, who soon became a model of military commanders in the Great Song Dynasty.

Nearly one hundred and eighty years have passed, that is, the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1343). At this time, the Song Dynasty had already declined, and the Yuan Dynasty came into season. In order to be closer to the people, the Yuan authorities planned to compile three histories of Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty praised Yue Fei and even exaggerated his merits. In this way, an enterprising and aggressive Yue Wumu is deeply rooted in people's hearts.

Objectively speaking, the Mongols are still not bad for Yue Fei. In order to appease the Han people in the south of the Yangtze River, not only did it not abolish the title of Yue Fei given by the Southern Song Dynasty, but it also "ordered the title to be merged as in the Song Dynasty, adding only the word" Baoyi ". Even the tomb of Yue Fei, whose grave is gradually inclined, has been funded for renovation. The official evaluation of Yue Fei is also much higher than Song Ting's, saying that "if Han (Xin), Peng (Yue), Jiang () and Guan (Ying) were handed down from the Western Han Dynasty, there would be many people to replace them, seeking their all-rounder, and their benevolence and wisdom were not inferior to Song Dynasty. "

In the Ming dynasty, there were fears of foreign invasion and bandits inside. Especially in the middle and late Ming dynasty, the traitors and eunuchs in the DPRK were rampant, and the Ming dynasty was in turmoil. History books seem to be a copy of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, Yue Fei, a former figure, has become the most thoughtful history book and the most suitable person to mourn.

Whether in the official discourse or in the official vision, Yue Fei has been repeatedly mentioned and his status has been elevated again. For example, in the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, listed Yue Fei as one of the 37 ministers in the past dynasties, "from worshipping the halls of kings in the past dynasties, it is worth enjoying in Song Taizu". In the fifth year of Jingtai (1454), Xu Youzhen, a martial artist, founded Yuefei Temple in Tangyin's hometown, and Emperor Jingtai named it "Zhongyi Temple". In the forty-three years of Ming Shenzong Wanli (16 15), the authorities even put Yue Fei in the position of a god and named him "Emperor of the Three Realms of Mo Jing". Yue Fei's reputation and prestige reached the acme of history books.

Let me talk about Guan Yu again. Before the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's position rose from time to time. According to the records in Dangyang County Records Rebuilding Guanling Monument, during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Li Temple paid homage to Jiang Taigong, the founding father of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Guan Yu was just one of 64 worshippers. He was named King Wu 'an in the Song Dynasty and Emperor in the Ming Dynasty. However, the official love for him did not spread all over the country, and there was no consistent pattern and scope for the court to pay homage to him. For example, during the Apocalypse period in the late Ming Dynasty, the title of Emperor Fuxi given by Universal Time was only called Shou Hou Ting, a former general of the Han Dynasty, which caused a modest storm.

But in the Qing dynasty, the situation was completely different. According to the records in the Code of Qing Dynasty, in the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), Guan Yu was named "Emperor Guan Sheng of Loyalty and Righteousness in SHEN WOO", and it was stipulated that Dachang Temple officials would offer sacrifices on May 13 every year, and at the same time, a Wu Temple dedicated to Guan Di would be built in the official building. As a result, Guan Di became a warrior, and his status was comparable to that of Confucius in Wen Sheng.

In the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was specially promoted by the emperor for no reason. Jiang Ruizao's Textual Research on Novels quoted Queming Notes as saying: "The book The History of the Three Kingdoms was actually adopted by this dynasty. When sai-jo did not enter the customs, he first surrendered to the ministries in Inner Mongolia. Because Khan and Mongolia are brothers, he cited the turn of Taoyuan in the history of the Three Kingdoms as an example. Manchuria thought of Liu Bei and regarded Mongolia as Guan Yu. Later, he entered the emperor's midsummer, fearing Mongolian support. Therefore, he was tired of Feng Zhongyi and SHEN WOO's spirit of protecting the country and the people, and sincerely appeased and praised Xuande Guan Sheng the Great to show his love and worship for Mongolia. At that time, besides worshipping the Lama, Guan Yu was the most respected person. For more than 300 years, it was here that the people who prepared for Beifan were ministers who did not invade or rebel. Its meaning is also like Guan Yu's to Liu Bei, only to be convinced. "

The history of the Three Kingdoms here is really the romance of the Three Kingdoms. The Qing court compared itself to Liu Bei, and the Mongols also made a promise to Guan Yu. The Qing court promoted Guan Yu in this way, which also made Mongolian ministries very satisfied and found a sense of belonging.

The emperor of the Qing dynasty courted Guan Yu by worshipping him, and it was more than all the Mongolian ministries! The Qing emperor praised Guan Gong's loyalty to SHEN WOO and loyalty to the United States, but he took a fancy to his loyalty and expected his subjects to learn from him, which was a model of perseverance of one surname and one master to ensure the long-term stability of the country.

Of course, this is only a reason that can be made public. Another convenient reason why the Qing emperor loved Guan Yu was that he took a fancy to his changes. As long as you compare the ups and downs of Guan Yu and Yue Fei in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is not difficult to invent the mystery.

In the Ming Dynasty, Guan Yu and Yue Fei were almost equal. Both of them are enshrined in the Wu Temple. During the Wanli period, at the request of Yu Shi, both of them were made emperors. Guan Yu is the "Three Realms Conquering Mundus" and Yue Fei is the "Three Realms Conquering Mundus". Naturally, Buddhists were unwilling to be lonely, so they pulled Guan Yu as Galand, the protector of Brahma, and later pulled Yue Fei as Galand.

However, in the Qing Dynasty, Yue Fei's position gradually declined. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yong Zhengdi ordered the removal of Yue Fei from the Wu Temple, appointed Guan Yu, a general of the Han Dynasty, as the third generation general, and built Guandi Temple all over the country to convey the love of Han people for Yue Fei in the name of Guan Yu. As a result, Yue Fei's status naturally plummeted, and most of the martial temples around the country were unique to Guan Yu. In the official evaluation system of Qing dynasty, Yue Fei was only stereotyped in a "loyal" framework and became "loyal Yue Fei". His title of "Emperor Mo Jing" was ordered to be dismissed by Yong Zhengdi, and The Complete Biography of Zhong Jing Saying Yue, which looks like its historic site, was listed as a banned book shortly after its publication, and it can only be circulated among officials and secrets.

When Emperor Qianlong passed by Tangyin, he wrote a poem in Yue Temple. There is a saying in the poem that "I am a teacher through the ages, and I will be powerful in every battle". The word I am is the famous saying of Yue Fei that "civil officials don't love money, and military officers don't hesitate to die". The problem lies in the latter sentence. As a descendant of the Jin people who fought against Yue Fei, it is difficult for Emperor Qianlong to protect his complacency: You, Yue Fei, are known as the ever-victorious general, but you can only be arrogant. Guan Gong naturally didn't suffer such insults and smiles, because he was not so stubborn. He is a bit free and easy in the face of right and wrong, and will use the trick of "lowering the Han dynasty but not Cao" to bypass the criterion of "disharmony between Han and thieves", and the communication between Guan Sir Zhong has become a very powerful move for those who change dynasties, are loyal to the new dynasty and insist on a balanced mentality.

Yue Fei was not so disappointed. Han Shizhong, who is better in merit, knows that he is "self-polluted" and seeks self-protection. Wu? And Wu? Brothers all know that only a defective general can make a king worry, but as long as he hits the wall and dies on the Nanshan wall, he always thinks about "driving a long car and breaking the Helan Mountain Que" and "starving for a bite of meat and laughing at the blood of Huns". Until he arrives at Fengyunge, he still remembers "plowing the ground and sweeping the hole". If this kind of thing is not changed, he won't kill or kill. If everyone, like Yue Fei, sticks to the principles and is determined to return home, where can there be a place for the Qing court in China?

Only by seeing through this cause and effect can we really understand why the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was so domineering in the Qing Dynasty and Yue Fei was so rough.

Tired of watching, let's have a joke to make you happy:

Lift me up.

My cousin and I went back to my house for tea after playing football. I said to my cousin, "those diving events you just did are too fake." Are you scaring children? " Look at me! "I got up to demonstrate, but I stepped on my son's toy car and fell down with a bang! I can't get up for a long time. My cousin gave me a thumbs-up sign: "Brother, your diving is too real, and your expression is in place! "! I accepted! It's just too fast to see clearly. Can you demonstrate it again?