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There are several types of dentures and their manufacturing processes. Please answer.

The first generation of dental implant materials used human or animal teeth. In the West, hippo tusks, ivory, and cow tusks were first used to make dentures. However, animal teeth were not as beautiful as human teeth after all, and they were very time-consuming to grind, so people began to look for new sources of dentures. Where there is a need, there is a market, and poor people selling healthy teeth began to appear. This kind of thing began around the Renaissance and became popular in the 18th century. Later, because the cost of buying teeth from living people was too high, professional grave robbers soon began to sell teeth from dead people to dentists. Perhaps this was the beginning of fake dentures. I couldn’t imagine the feeling of having a dead tooth in my mouth. However, compared with robbing tombs and extracting teeth, what comes faster is the battlefield. The most famous one is the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which left a huge denture resource - tens of thousands of sets of "Waterloo dentures", which served a whole generation of people in Europe and America with dentures.

The second generation of dentures are metal dentures. As biomedical functional materials, metal materials are an important branch of materials science and have been used in human implants for more than 400 years. The United Kingdom was the first to use pure gold plates for dental implants. Until half a century ago, gold teeth were once people's first choice for dental implants. Due to its good malleability and stable chemical properties, gold has firmly occupied the top spot in dental clinics. There is such a plot in the movie "Schindler's List": The rescued Jews took off their gold teeth to help Schindler tide over the difficulties... However, as the world's gold price rises, people are pursuing In today's society of natural beauty, gold teeth have gradually faded out of people's sight.

Although metal dentures are relatively strong, their disadvantage is their bioincompatibility with the human body. Relatively speaking, the technology at that time was underdeveloped, and the fixation of dentures required hooks connected to the jaw, which was very inconvenient to use. The most obvious example is the unsmiling US President Washington. If you look closely at the president's portrait, you will find that the US president's mouth is always closed! The reason is that he has dentures all over his mouth.

The application of inorganic non-metallic materials represented by ceramics has a long history, but its formal application in oral medicine began in 1774, when a French doctor (Duchateau) used ceramics as denture bases. Ceramics were once an important material for making dentures. Ceramic restorations have beautiful color and good biocompatibility, but they are brittle and easy to break. People with early ceramic dentures were afraid to bite hard bones. Since then, people have continued to develop new types of ceramics that are beneficial to the development of oral restorations. In 1960, after people initially solved the problem of matching cermets with each other, the porcelain fused metal process (PFM) was born. It overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient strength of pure porcelain material itself, and has the advantages of both the beauty of porcelain and the strength of metal. As a result, porcelain teeth, as they are commonly known among the people, appeared in the 1990s as a product to replace gold teeth. That is, under vacuum conditions, ceramic powder is melted and bonded to a specially treated metal surface with the help of high temperature. Restorations made on. This belongs to the third stage in the development history of denture materials - the stage in which non-metallic materials dominate.

The advantages of porcelain teeth are good biocompatibility and permanent discoloration. It has developed from the original ordinary porcelain teeth to the current alloy porcelain teeth and all-ceramic teeth, and the price has also dropped from thousands of yuan. to several hundred yuan. The alloy category also includes titanium alloy porcelain teeth, nickel-chromium alloy porcelain teeth, low gold porcelain teeth and other products.

Countries around the world are conducting research on denture materials that are more suitable for the human body. Titanium and titanium alloys are considered to be the most ideal metal materials for human implants so far. Experts also predict that in the future, almost all dentition defects and missing teeth can be repaired to restore normal chewing function to the point where it will be difficult to distinguish between dentures and real teeth. But I always firmly believe that fake can never replace the real. It is better to do more dental care and prevent dental diseases.