Articles on the "March 18th" Massacre

Many years later, Zhou Zuoren recalled the March 18th massacre in Memories of Tang Zhi, saying, "There are many jokes here, because this is my consistent fault. At that time, I did write an article that seemed to be a game, entitled "How did you die?". "As usual" refers to articles written like "jokes" in the past. 192 1 In June, teachers from various schools in Beijing held demonstrations to recover the wages owed by the government. Teachers in Peking University were beaten by military police in front of Xinhua News Agency, but afterwards the government issued an order saying that these teachers were "injured". Zhou Zuoren was very disgusted with this, so he published "Black and blue" and tried to mock them.

I once had a plan to make a set of steel armor with spikes. According to the longest teeth of wild animals, the spikes should be two inches long. Wearing this armor, you can March freely in the deep mountain osawa, not afraid of wild animals. If they attack, they will be helpless as long as they shrink like chestnuts or hedgehogs. I don't have to do it, so they will all get hurt and go away.

According to Buddhist scriptures, snakes have several kinds of poison, and the most severe one is that people who see them will be poisoned. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mr. Zhou Anshi noted "Ghost Story", saying that the two-headed snake killed by Sun Shuai was a poisonous snake, because Sun Shuai said he was going to die because he saw the two-headed snake. In fact, the two-headed snake, like the owl, is just an ominous animal. However, he later said that there are still such snakes in Hunan, but they are completely harmless.

When I was a child, I was afraid to watch the legendary swordsman in the Tang Dynasty series. Chivalrous men are all practitioners of Taoism, but they have a bad temper and always fly swords and take the lead. There is also the sword fairy, which is even worse. His sword fluttered in the air like a white light. It can catch dozens of miles, and it must be seen before it stops. At that time, I prayed in my heart not to meet swordsmen, for fear of accidentally offending them.

Recently, the newspaper reported that some staff and students were injured outside xinhua gate. Everyone says it's strange, but from my romantic point of view, it's surprising. Everything is possible in today's world. So I thought of the three things mentioned above, and felt that getting hurt really made sense. For those who don't believe my romantic theory, I don't have any factual examples to show them.

Bruising, concentrated death and eating martyrs are all awkward articles, and the following books, closed reading theory and praise of three rites can all be seen in this way. Zhou Zuoren attached great importance to these humorous articles with funny elements. In his later years, when he wrote Memories of Zhirentang, he repeatedly mentioned: "My articles are a bit awkward, or obscure, or obscure. But that awkward writing is what I like, and I often use it later. " There is an article in the Complete Works of Alisma orientalis called Eating Martyrs, which satirizes this matter, but it seems to be a joke. This shows that this matter is very important. -When encountering the same thing, I often have only one way to joke. I have written Bump and Front Gate Encountered with Cavalry before. (Memories of May 30th) As far as article study is concerned, Zhou's writing is really sharp and spicy. However, to put it another way, "there is often only one way to tell jokes when encountering the same thing", which is really a clever way to hide from the world and preserve our sanity. In the March 18th tragedy, both Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren stood in the forefront of the times, using pens as halberds to fight against the dark forces. But comparing their essays of the same period, it is not difficult to find that their attitudes are different.

On the day of the March 18th Incident, Lu Xun was writing "Roses Without Flowers II" at home, challenging Chen Yuan and others who became enemies due to the incident of the Women's Normal University. After writing three chapters, he learned the news of the tragedy, immediately changed his pen and began to criticize the current politics, because "now is not the time to write" A Rose without Flowers ". In view of the rumor that the government wants to cover up the truth, Lu Xun hit the nail on the head:

"Lies written in ink can never cover up the facts written in blood.

Blood debts must be paid with the same thing. The longer the arrears, the more interest will be paid. "

At the end of the article, I simply signed "March 18, the darkest day since the Republic of China, writing" to push this anger and condemnation to the extreme. In memory of Liu Hezhen, Lu Xun is even more positive, severely criticizing the shameless behavior of the government authorities, eager to get rid of the state of writing "empty words" (Lu Xun's "Roses Without Flowers II"), indignant that "beggars" gradually forget the blood of the deceased, continue to drag out an ignoble existence in silence, and appeal to "real warriors" to face the bleak life, so that Lu Xun can keep a clear understanding of the dark forces. In Zhou Zuoren, it is a different performance. Zhou Zuoren, who has been rethinking since the May 4th Movement, has maintained his fighting spirit and enthusiasm for "fighting the fire" in the face of government atrocities, but he has also become much more restrained and cautious. He has his own views on the mass revolutionary movement. From the previous miscellaneous letters in the mountains to the test pens on New Year's Day and the towers on the Cross Street, we can generally see this ideological change. After the discord between the Zhou brothers, they fought together several times. 1927 years later, they finally went further and further. The battle with Modern Review in the March 18th Incident was probably the last cooperation between them.

When the 3 18 massacre happened, Zhou Zuoren did not immediately change the title of the article and make a painful condemnation like Lu Xun. It took a few days to calm the waves in my heart and finally made a statement on this incident. "About the Dead on March 18" begins:

I am a person who is extremely lacking in enthusiasm, but at the same time quite lacking in calmness. This is probably because of neurasthenia. When confronted with any stimulus, my mind is in a mess, and I can't think, let alone write.

This is completely different from Lu Xun's angry reaction after hearing about it. Of course, Zhou Zuoren saw the essence of the incident very clearly. He realized that the result of negotiations with the government was definitely much worse than that of Shanghai, so he gave up his dream of asking the government to "investigate thoroughly" and only "said a few words about the dead in this accident", which was surprisingly calm. About the Dead on March 18th is divided into four parts. The former tells the reason for writing, the second part writes the mourning for the dead, and the third part directly transcribes the "publication" of the day before, briefly describing the situation after the murder of two students in the female normal university. At the end, I mentioned my elegy for the victims:

Red, some academic celebrities and journalists are still shooting there.

Die in vain, the so-called revolutionary government and imperialism are the same thing.

Although there are political allegories of imperialism and revolutionary government, the wording is much more euphemistic. Later, Zhou Zuoren was also ashamed that "people who are always' writing countries' will only remember the dead in words", and his tone was pessimistic and calm, which was equivalent to admitting that he was just a "useless" scholar; On the day of the incident, Lu Xun made a serious self-dissection. Although pessimistic, he admitted that what he wrote was "empty talk". However, in "In Memory of Liu Hezhen", he raised "faint hope", came out of despair, affirmed the significance of the dead and wounded to the future, and predicted that "the real warriors will March forward more bravely", which was related to Zhou Zuoren's death. However, for the performance of women in this incident, the two maintained roughly the same view:

I witnessed the work of women in China that started last year. Although it is a minority, I have repeatedly lamented its capable and resolute spirit. As for this time, the fact that we helped each other in the hail of bullets, even though we were helpless, is more than enough to prove the courage and determination of women in China. Although suppressed by conspiracy for thousands of years, there is no evidence of extinction in the end. If we want to find the meaning of this casualty to the future, that is meaning. (Lu Xun's "Continuation of Hua Ji Yi Liu Hezhen Jun")

After the the State Council massacre on March 18, it was described in detail in the Japanese newspaper Beijing Review. In some places, it is fairer than what the Royal Journalists in China said, because they don't believe that the masses have "several pistols", although some people say that they have sticks. They all admire the boldness and calmness of China women. (Zhou Zuoren's "Alisma Collection New China Women")

Author: sub-reply date: 2005-12-3012: 49: 05

Zhou Wenzhuo was written on March 3 19261day, the day before Lu Wen. Both of them affirmed the calmness and bravery of China women in this incident, but their conclusions were quite different: in memory of Liu Hezhen, they pointed out that "China women's bravery has been suppressed for thousands of years, but it has not died out"; Women in New China says that women's fearlessness is better than men's strong actions, which is in line with Zhou Zuoren's feminist theory.

In fact, shortly after the March 18th massacre, Zhou Zuoren also wrote glaring articles, such as Reflections on the Holocaust, The House of Pardon, Mrs. Yang Dequn in Chen Yuan's Mouth, etc. But compared with Lu Xun's "blood out" movement, these articles are much more moderate and objective. Decades later, Zhou Zuoren recalled the March 18th Incident and said, "I wrote some articles at that time. On the positive side, they are indignant, self-condemning, and even cursing, such as pardoning Chen Yuan published in Beijing Daily. Originally, I wanted to collect it and put it in "Really Scared", but somehow it was not implemented, and the catalogue was lost. It was still the time when gentlemen and ghosts took power temporarily. Memories of Tang Zhi, 3 18.

At this point, it is not difficult for us to see the original intention of Alisma orientalis compilation. On the one hand, choose secluded and leisurely articles, on the other hand, collect "rebellious" essays (of course, there is also a selection criterion here, and articles that are too intense and boring are not accepted). In Zhou Zuoren's own words, he has two ghosts, so the article selected here is "the article of two ghosts".

1July, 927, two months before the publication of the Collected Works of Alisma orientalis, Zhou Zuoren wrote an article called Two Ghosts, saying that there are two ghosts in people's hearts, namely "rogue ghosts" and "gentleman ghosts", which seems to be the beginning of the idea of "traitor hermit" in the Preface of Alisma orientalis Collected Works:

According to Wang Xue's friend, people have a conscience. The priest says he has a soul, and the scholar who upholds justice also says he has a conscience. But I don't think there are any of these. Only those two ghosts are there to direct my words and deeds. This is a two-headed politics, and the two ruling parties are still at odds, and I am like a pendulum swinging in the middle. Sometimes hooligans have the advantage, so I follow him. I don't know all the secrets in the street. I can't do anything, such as drinking, fighting and abusing. I can be a broken foot mentally. But when I really want to run wild, such as the rogue's "creation", the gentleman will probably come out and shout "take it, take it!" Strange to say, hooligans are not afraid of gentlemen at ordinary times, so that they are about to run wild. Once they are called by the gentlemen, they will leave at once. However, he didn't go far, just made a tail-scratching visit. He watched the gentleman lead me away, learned how to speak and how to look at ladies, and gradually changed from saying beautiful words to putting on airs, so he rushed out and cursed: "Nohk oh dausangtzr keh niarngsaeh, Fiaultong Tseuzeh Dood Zang Kaeh Moavaeh Toang Yuachu!" (In this case, most rogue articles have sounds but no words. Therefore, today, with pinyin, sentences can't be translated literally. The general idea is, "You bastard, don't flatter yourself. Disgusting is fun." ) I turned the chess thoroughly at once. The rogue dictatorship gradually began.

("Two Ghosts Talk about Tigers")

Zhou Zuoren said: "I am a little reluctant to part with both. I love the attitude of gentlemen and the spirit of hooligans "and" I am fascinated by two ghosts ". Although I have suffered a lot, I still don't want to give up. He further hoped that "I hope these two ghosts can be constitutional, no, I hope they can get married." If one is a female rascal, then the ideal prince can be born in the middle and be our head of state. " We might as well look at the articles in the collection like this: leisure is written by "gentlemen and ghosts" and essays are written by "hooligans and ghosts" Later, Zhou Zuoren also admitted this point in the article "Two Ghosts in Past Work": "I write leisurely articles like drinking tea, and serious articles like steamed bread or rice. Many years ago, I wrote an essay saying that there are two ghosts in my heart, one is a rogue ghost and the other is a gentleman ghost. To put it mildly, you can also say traitors and hermits, but you don't have to say that, just say hooligans and gentlemen. " However, Zhou Zuoren opposed the strict distinction between "rogue ghosts" and "gentleman ghosts". He said that the two "sometimes cross each other, although their personal hobbies are different, they can also be said to play a regulatory role in their work, so it is really impossible to specify that period to write casual or serious articles." What he pursues is the harmony and balance between the two, which can be traced back to Zhou Zuoren himself. Throughout his life, it is also the unity of "rogue ghost" and "gentleman ghost", and "traitor" and "hermit" are always two sides of an organic whole.