Humorous stories from the electronics industry

When I was in the first grade of elementary school, I learned about the word "electricity" from the textbook. In front of the teacher, I could explain the sentence in the book "How convenient it is to have electricity. What are the uses of electricity?" I memorized "Never finished" as a rhyme. Later, I took a drawing class and was able to draw the general shape of an electric light and television in a messy way. However, high-voltage electricity was really connected to the village when I was in the third grade of junior high school. Before that, the villagers had been lighting kerosene lamps. Today's younger generation must not be able to figure out how they survived the long dark nights. In fact, rural areas more than ten years ago or a few years earlier generally did not have access to high-voltage electricity. People rely on flashlights or horse lanterns when walking at night, and kerosene lamps are used for lighting at home. The most commonly used ones are Mobil lamps with glass shades, which are beautiful and can block the wind. You can also make your own to save money. Most of them use superglue jars or medicine bottles. Drill a hole in the lid, wrap some aluminum sheets around the cotton core, and a simple kerosene lamp is made. At that time, there was a cadre in the township *** who was a bell ringer. Our cadres who were in charge of miscellaneous things were called bell ringers. He did all the trivial tasks such as buying and serving food for the canteen, preventing the pigs and cows from the neighboring village from entering the courtyard, and helping the projectionist who was delivering movies to the countryside. Once I came to the village to inform the village chief of a meeting. The village chief went to the fields. He sat on a bluestone at the entrance of the village and waited. Our children were also playing around and saw him take out something that could be pressed at both ends and said, " I was playing with it, and later I found out that it was actually a light switch. But we were surprised at the time, and the brave ones approached us and asked what it was. He lazily answered us that it is used to test electricity. If you have this, you will know whether there is electricity. As he spoke, he clicked the switch and said seriously, there is electricity now. We all felt very inspired, but also a little timid. Because everyone has always heard some rumors about electrocution, such as someone who touches a live wire. In the eyes of others, he is also a complete person, but his posture is stiff. If he pushes him, he seems to be blown by the wind. Scattered and turned into dust. We asked him, why were you not shocked? He said, I am an adult and can bear it, but you cannot and do not have the strength to resist. Then he bluffed and pressed the switch towards us, and we were immediately scared to death. Later, when everyone talked about it, they were very jealous of such a "weapon". We are both rural areas, and the villages that connect power lines to generate electricity will still come first. My hometown started generating electricity late because the terrain is too remote. In fact, universal electrification in our township should have been achieved in the late 1980s, when I was about to finish primary school. When relatives come to visit, and villagers ask about the power generation, the relatives will talk with joy. As long as you pull the switch wire, there will be light in every corner of the house. A hundred Mobil lamps combined can't compare. But it can also be said that it does not make people worry. When you are cooking, the electricity suddenly goes out, and you have to find a match and a lamp. Sometimes there is no foreign oil in the lamp, which makes you panic and the dishes will burn. Lose. When the villagers heard this, they would always burst out laughing, saying "ho-ho", and they would do the same again, and they would find some balance in their hearts. At that time, power outages were an annoying but common thing. At that time, the rural power supply station had the power of life and death, not to mention the power of the people. I once saw with my own eyes that the people at the power station washed their hands with soda water when they went to the countryside. I was extremely envious. To this day Very impressed. When I was in junior high school, there was an incident in my hometown where people caused a riot at the power supply station. A group of villagers took poles and smashed all the lights and poles of the power supply station to pieces. They asked the people at the power station, "There is light during the day and we are working outside. Who wants your electricity?" There is electricity. We have to cook and eat at night, but at this time there is no electricity and there is no TV to watch. After waking up from sleep, the electricity came on in the middle of the night. Which Bodhisattva ghost are you using this electricity for? This has been going on for one winter. How can the people not be too dissatisfied? When I was in junior high school, I also suffered from a power outage. When I went to self-study at night, the teacher asked us to buy candles when the power went out. We couldn't afford to light one candle a night. So we all have to sharpen our brains and think of ways to turn waste into treasure to save money. At that time, there were not as many kinds of moisturizing products as there are now. Yashuang was considered a high-end product and was used by people who worked. Countryside people generally used shell oil. You can only buy a box of Baique Lings, which we call "mianmianyou" in our local dialect. They are oblate iron boxes, some big or small. Children like to collect them, and they can be used to store coins or raise silkworms. Furthermore, you can light candle oil, store the leftover large candle oil from the New Year, holidays and happy events inside, make a paper twister, and then use it as a candle, without wasting anything. Many people light this at school, and it saves a lot of money than buying candles. Of course, looking at it now just as a memory, the power outage also brought us a lot of happiness.

It was also during self-study in the evening, when it was dark, the whole campus would cheer, shout, applaud, whistle, and beat the table, it was a carnival. I wasn’t afraid even if the teacher was there. Anyway, it was so dark and chaotic that I couldn’t catch anyone. Some serious people will light candles, but mischievous people will run over and blow them out. Even though he was silent in the darkness, he could still feel the happy molecules floating freely throughout the classroom. My teacher even made a joke because of the power outage. One night during an exam, there was a sudden power outage, and there was chaos. Some people were shouting, "Copy the books quickly, copy the books quickly." The teacher's voice was so angry in the darkness, who would dare to copy it? I can clearly see whoever is plagiarizing, and I will immediately give him zero points. Later, we gave the teacher a nickname: Black Cat Sheriff. Probably when I was in the fourth grade of elementary school, the village got its first TV set, but what kind of TV could I watch without electricity? This owner usually likes to study electrical appliances. He thought of using solar energy to generate electricity. No one knows how to operate it. Anyway, he said that as long as it is sunny and sunny during the day, there will be TV to watch at night. So, just like Brother Xun longs for Runtu, we look forward to sunny days every day. When the weather is clear, there will be sun, and when there is sun, we can watch TV. Those scorching summer days turned out to be extremely cute in the eyes of us children, because with such a bright sun, we should have enough electricity to watch TV at night. This kind of hedonic thought that only focused on immediate interests was later reprimanded by the adults: "It's sunny, is it the electricity or the stomach that's more important? The drought has killed the rice and you go and eat the potatoes." Later, there were more and more TVs in the village. They bought several units, but the electricity never came on. Some of them bought batteries and some bought chargers, and each used their own connections to go to relatives' houses in other villages to charge high-voltage electricity. The length of TV screening time depends on how much the battery is charged, so every villager is prepared for danger in times of peace and cherishes electricity like gold. When they see news or advertisements during the screening, they immediately unplug and turn off the TV, thinking that this can save a lot of electricity. It has become a tacit practice in the village to turn on the TV when the main movie is showing. In the winter of the third year of junior high school, the village's power generation project finally took shape. The village chief went to the township to hold a meeting and came back to inform the villagers. The township chief pounded the table at the township's third-level cadre meeting and repeatedly emphasized that he must strive to achieve the goal of generating electricity by the end of the year. Achieve high-voltage power supply to all villages. The villagers also seemed to be shocked, and they all said that they should take the initiative, but when the village chief mentioned the money to buy the transformer, everyone became dark-faced and remained silent. At that time, it was popular to recognize relatives across the Taiwan Strait, and a Taiwanese compatriot from a neighboring village also took advantage of this trend to get in touch with his younger brother at home. The neighboring village and my village are both small, and together we can be considered a production team, so we naturally do things carefully and thoughtfully. At that time, the villagers regarded Taiwan compatriots as development targets, and the village chief came forward to discuss the donation with him. The Taiwan compatriot boy left home at a young age and pretended to be single in Taiwan. When the eldest brother returned, he was still alone. Unexpectedly, his younger brother had a family full of children and grandchildren. Several of his nephews were watching him as if they were facing a formidable enemy. According to the wishes of the Taiwanese compatriots, I was going to donate 10,000 yuan, but I didn't want my nephews to make innuendo and hint at the pension issue. In the end, the Taiwanese compatriots were forced to give in and donated 5,000 yuan and received an interest-free loan of 5,000 yuan. Afterwards, the three nephews of the Taiwanese compatriots were still worried about the money. On the day when the power was generated, they also used this as an excuse to ask for the electricity to be settled in their homes first. They shouted, five thousand yuan, five thousand yuan. You can buy a No. 1 pick with 1,000 yuan, and you can buy a No. 1 pick in previous years. During the Spring Festival this year, I went back to my hometown to pay New Year greetings to my grandma and two uncles. I also went to my house to visit Uncle Hua. Uncle Hua is my father’s ancestral family and they share the same great-grandfather. Because she has a disabled foot, she has never married and has a very weird temper, but she has always been partial to me. When I was in high school, I hadn’t been back to my hometown for several years. Once when my father went back and mentioned me in front of him, he said that I had grown so tall. Uncle Hua immediately proudly said, “That’s more to say.” It was as if he had seen it with his own eyes. . When my family moved away from our hometown, we left a newly built building untouched. Considering that Uncle Hua's small house was dark and damp, and also grateful for the help he had given my family, my father gave Uncle Hua the care of the house. It has been almost ten years. During that chat, I saw a plastic bottle containing Sprite placed next to Uncle Hua’s bed. The liquid inside was dark in color and was obviously not Sprite. Uncle Hua smiled mysteriously and asked me if I still recognized what it was. I smelled it and saw a long-lost smell. It turned out that he no longer used electricity and switched to kerosene lamps. He compared the cost of electricity and kerosene with me, and the result was that lighting a kerosene lamp would save more than one hundred yuan a year than using electricity. Uncle Hua said proudly, "I won't let those bastards kill me at the power supply station."

Before leaving, I said goodbye to Uncle Hua. After I walked out of the door, he stopped me again and asked me to come into the room. He took out an oil paper bag from under the mat on the bed and took out 40 yuan in new banknotes. Said it was New Year's money given to me. I felt bad, how could I take his money? After a few refusals, he rolled his eyes and scolded me: "Just take it if I tell you to." When I stretched out my hand, he softened his tone. Although it is not much, it is always my heart. Besides, you can just return it to me when you go out to work. Saying this, there was a smile on his face that was full of evil spirits just now. There are three important figures in electricity. The first one is Oersted. In April 1820, in an evening lecture, Oersted demonstrated an experiment on the magnetic effect of electric current. When the Galvanic cell was connected to the platinum wire, the small magnetic needle close to the platinum wire swung. This inconspicuous phenomenon did not attract the attention of the audience, but Auster was very excited. He studied it in depth for three months. On July 21, 1820, he announced the experimental results. Oersted connected one end of the wire to the positive pole of the Galvani battery, and placed the wire parallel to the north-south direction above the small magnetic needle. When the other end of the wire was connected to the negative pole, the magnetic needle immediately pointed east-west. Insert non-magnetic objects such as glass plates, wood chips, stones, etc. between the wire and the magnetic needle, or even immerse the small magnetic needle in a copper box filled with water, and the magnetic needle will still deflect. Oersted believed that a "current shock" occurred around the current-carrying wire. This impact can only act on magnetic particles and can pass through non-magnetic objects. When magnetic substances or magnetic particles are impacted by these impacts, they are hindered from passing through, so they are driven and deflected. When the wire is placed under the magnetic needle, the small magnetic needle deflects in the opposite direction; if the wire is placed horizontally in the east-west direction, the magnetic needle will always remain stationary regardless of whether the wire is placed above or below the magnetic needle. He believed that the current impulse propagated along the direction of the spiral with the wire as the axis, and the direction of the thread remained perpendicular to the axis. This is a description of the horizontal effect of imagery. Although Oersted's explanation of the magnetic effect is not completely correct, it does not affect the significance of this experiment. It proved that electric and magnetic energy can be converted into each other, which laid the foundation for the development of electromagnetism. The second Faraday Faraday's story Faraday was born in a very poor blacksmith's family. His father was really too poor. Little Faraday grew up hungry and full. He later recalled that sometimes his parents only gave him one loaf of bread a week. Being so poor, of course Faraday never went to school. He worked as a page boy and a newsboy since he was a child, and became an apprentice in a bookstore when he was 13 years old. In that era, books, periodicals and newspapers were luxuries. Little Faraday was dedicated to delivering newspapers to subscribers, running from house to house after delivery. Later, he began to learn bookbinding and read books during his spare time. Once Faraday bound a book called "Dialogue on Chemistry". He was fascinated by this book, bought medicines with his only money, and started experiments according to the words in the book. From then on, he developed a strong interest in science. Faraday read more and more books, so he made notebooks out of waste paper, excerpted various materials, and sometimes added illustrations to his notes. He learned a lot about electricity from the Encyclopedia Britannica. Later, Faraday went to listen to the popular science report of the famous scientist David, and presented his notebook to David. After David's recommendation, Faraday became an assistant in the laboratory of the Royal Society. From then on, Faraday embarked on the path of scientific research. At that time, scientists believed that since electric current can generate a magnetic field, magnetism should also be able to generate electricity. However, Davy and Faraday have been studying for 10 years and have not found a way to use magnetism to generate electricity. Despite this, Faraday was still not discouraged. He was confident of making a breakthrough in magnetism and electricity generation. In August 1831, Faraday built a new device. He wound a coil of copper wire on half of a 6-inch-diameter iron ring and connected it to an ammeter. He also wound a set of coils on the other half of the iron ring and connected it to a power source. "Close!" Faraday saw with his own eyes the pointer of the ammeter swinging. However, when he took a closer look, the pointer of the ammeter pointed to zero again. Why was this? Faraday decided to disconnect the power supply and try the experiment again. Unexpectedly, when the power supply was disconnected, the pointer swung again, but this time in the opposite direction to the last time. Faraday always wanted the second coil to generate a continuous current, but the result of the experiment was always that current can only be "induced" at the moment of closing and powering off. Faraday was not only good at experimenting, but also good at thinking. He thought that what induced the current should be a moving magnetic field. So, he attached a bar magnet to the air-core coil. The pointer on the galvanometer swung, and the magnet finally produced electricity.

After Faraday became famous, he was awarded 94 honorary titles by countries around the world, but he said: "I admit that these honors are valuable, but I have never worked to pursue these honors." "Scientists should not be personal admirers. , but should be an admirer of things. The pursuit of truth should be his only goal. "The third Edison Edison began his arduous career when he was 12 years old. He worked as a newsboy on the train and learned the technology of sending messages. , visited Boston and New York, and did not have his own factory and a happy family until he was 24 years old. In 1878, Edison announced that he would invent a safe electric light with soft light and low price. In order to find a suitable filament, Edison tried boron, ruthenium, chromium, carbon and various metal alloys, testing more than 1,600 materials, which lasted 13 months, but all failed. Some people blew a cold wind and said that Edison had "eaten something he couldn't chew" this time. A physicist who had worked for Edison called the experiment "looking for a needle in a haystack." However, Edison was not afraid of failure and insisted on experimenting, determined to find the needle from the sea. Hard work pays off. At 5 pm on Sunday, October 10, 1879, Edison lit a light bulb using carbonized cotton filament. He personally observed and took notes. This time, the light bulb was bright and stable, and it stayed on for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours,... From the 19th, 20th to 21st, no one went to rest. Until 2 pm on the 21st, when the ignition reached the 45th hour, Edison asked his assistant to increase the voltage a little, and the bulb became brighter. After a few more minutes, the filament finally burned out. On December 21, the New York Herald Tribune devoted a full page to reporting in detail the news of the successful light bulb test. Edison received all the patents and is generally credited with inventing the incandescent light bulb. On New Year's Eve in 1879, Edison lit 60 light bulbs and hung them in Menlo Park. It was snowing heavily at the time, and more than 3,000 people came to visit despite the heavy snow. Edison was a practical man. His motto is: "I explore what mankind needs, and then I step forward and try to invent it." Some people say that invention is the product of fate, and Edison is a genius. Edison sighed and said: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent blood and sweat!" When someone asked him how he persisted during the 10,000 failures to invent the light bulb, he said, He never failed in the process; instead, he found 10,000 ways that didn't work. The 3,400 notes he wrote throughout his life detailing invention ideas and experiments are strong evidence of this passage. When Edison was 77 years old, someone asked him: "When will you retire?" He blurted out: "On the day before my funeral!" Once, someone half-jokingly asked Edison: "Do you agree to give science a ten-year sabbatical? Edison replied seriously: "Science never rests for a day. It has been working every minute for hundreds of millions of years and will continue to work like this." Indeed, Edison fulfilled his promise. He is over 80 years old and is still working diligently to extract latex from weeds in his country in order to "make more inventions". Thomson is also an important person. He discovered electrons, but he has more professional knowledge about electronics. //cnysgz/ygjy/ygwl/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=2581 Our country is an ancient civilization in the world. Due to the development of life and production, Required, measurement work begins early. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a four-point calendar was compiled, with a year of 365.25 days, which was the same as the Julian calendar used by the Romans, but four to five hundred years earlier. The synodic month measured by Zu Chongzhi during the Northern and Southern Dynasties was 29.530588 days, which was only 0.3 seconds different from the value used today. The "Tongtian Calendar" compiled by Yang Zhongfu in the Song Dynasty had a year of 365.2425 days. Compared with the modern value, there is only an error of 26 seconds. The reason why such accurate data can be obtained is that the armillary sphere was created in the fourth century BC, which was used to determine the coordinate incorporation and depolarization of celestial bodies (equivalent to the right ascension difference and 90 of the modern equatorial coordinate system. - Declination ). Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty improved the armillary sphere and wrote "Illustrated Notes on the Armillary Sphere". In the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing improved the armillary sphere into a simple instrument. Instruments used for astronomical observations include guises, tables and complex moments. Instruments used to keep time include clepsydras and sundials. In terms of map surveying, emperors of all dynasties attached great importance to it due to the need for marching operations. The earliest ancient map currently recorded is the topographic map near the Luoyi city site in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

Maps were widely used in the Zhou Dynasty, and the officials who managed the maps had a very detailed division of labor. The earliest ancient map that can be seen now is the map of the Changsha Kingdom and its garrison that was unearthed from Tomb No. 3 of Mawangdui in Changsha in 168 BC. The map shows mountains, rivers, residential areas, roads and military elements. During the Western Jin Dynasty, Pei Xiu compiled the "Yugong Area Map" and "Abbott Map" and created the map compilation theory - "Six Types of Cartography". Since then, various maps have been compiled in successive dynasties, among which the more famous ones include: "Mu Fangzhang Map" created by Xiezhuang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties; "Guanzhong Longyou and Shannan Jiuzhou and other solids" and "Hainei Huayi Map" compiled by Jia Dan in the Tang Dynasty ; "Chunhua Tianxia Gu" in the Northern Song Dynasty; "Huayi Map" and "Yu Traces Map" carved in stone in the Southern Song Dynasty (now preserved in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an); "Maps" drawn by Zhu Siben in the Yuan Dynasty; "Guangzhou Map" drawn by Luo Hongxian in the Ming Dynasty. "Atlas" (equivalent to a modern atlas drawn in sections); "Zheng He's Navigation Chart" drawn by Zheng He during his voyages to the West in the Ming Dynasty; "Overview of the Imperial Map" drawn during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty; in 1934, published by the Shanghai Application Center "New Map of the Republic of China" and so on. Our country's ability to draw relatively high-level maps in the past dynasties is related to the development of surveying technology. The tools used to measure length in ancient my country include measuring poles, measuring ropes (common ones include ground fences, cloud fences, and uniform heights), walking carts, and drum carts; the instruments and tools used to measure heights include moments and levels (levels); and measuring directions. The instrument includes a telescope and a compass (during the Warring States Period, natural magnets were used to make a guide tool - Sinan, and in the Song Dynasty, a compass made of artificial magnets appeared). The development of measurement technology is closely related to mathematical knowledge. The "Zhou Bi Suan Jing" and "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" published in BC both have records of using similar triangles for measurement. The "Island Calculation Classic" written by Liu Wei from the Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period introduced the use of measuring poles to carry out two, three or even four measurements (weighing difference technique) to calculate the height of mountains and the width of rivers, which greatly promoted the development of measurement technology. . In addition to the compilation of calendars and surveying maps, the ancient surveying and mapping achievements of our country include: In the Tang Dynasty, under the auspices of a monk and his party, the distance and the height of the North Pole from Baima, Henan, through Junyi and Fugou to Shangcai were measured, and the altitude of the North Pole was obtained. The arc length of one degree at the meridian is 132.31km, which has contributed to mankind's correct understanding of the earth. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo recorded the discovery of magnetic declination in "Mengxi Bi Tan". When Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty surveyed and mapped the topography of the Yellow River Basin, he "based on the difference between the sea level and the topography from the capital to Tingliang". He was the first person in history to use the concept of "elevation". In the Qing Dynasty, the scale was unified, stipulating that 200 miles equals 1 longitude on the earth. The arc length is one hundredth of a second per foot along the longitude, and one foot is equal to 0.317m. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country's surveying and mapping industry has developed greatly. Established and unified the national coordinate system and elevation system; established a nationwide geodetic control network, national leveling network, basic gravity network and satellite Doppler network; completed the overall adjustment of the national geodetic network and leveling network; completed the national Surveying and mapping work of basic maps; completed the geographical location and elevation measurements of Mount Everest and the Antarctic Great Wall Station; carried out a large amount of surveying and mapping work in conjunction with the construction of the national economy, such as the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Baoshan Iron and Steel Plant, and the Beijing Electron Positron Collider Precise setting out and equipment installation measurements for machinery and other projects. More than 1,600 types of maps have been published and distributed, with a circulation of more than 1.1 billion copies. In terms of manufacturing surveying and mapping instruments, it has started from scratch. Now it can not only produce a series of optical measuring instruments, but also successfully develop various range-measuring photoelectric rangefinders, satellite laser rangefinders, analytical mappers and other advanced instruments. In terms of surveying and mapping talent training, tens of thousands of surveying and mapping technicians of various types have been trained, which has greatly improved the level of surveying and mapping technology in our country. Especially in recent years, my country's surveying and mapping technology has developed faster. For example, the GPS global positioning system has been widely used, and the national GPS network is about to be completed. In terms of geographic information systems, my country's first practical electronic map system (full name is the State Council's National Geographic Information System). System) has been built and put into use in the Executive Conference Room of the State Council; this shows that although my country's current level of surveying and mapping science and technology still lags behind the international advanced level, as long as we work hard and work hard, we can quickly catch up with and It exceeds the international level of surveying and mapping technology. Baidu Map