What does Socrates think is the best way to acquire knowledge?

What is the best way to acquire knowledge?

We always say that "there are thousands of millet in the book, there is a golden house in the book, and there is Yan Ruyu in the book", but we ignore that "there is no end to learning".

Whenever we talk about reading, we always feel that reading is a hard job. However, some people will say: "the jade is not cut, and it is not a tool; People don't learn and don't know. " In other words, it is difficult for people to read! But people have to do it. Why?

From the secular point of view, reading can be realized and people can achieve wealth growth; Reading can help people solve life problems and improve people's happiness.

From the spiritual level, reading can enrich people and enrich their spiritual world;

In the words of the poet Mir Kamal Udine, "I can sit there and gallop in the spiritual world, and books have given me this benefit. A glass of drunken people; I felt this kind of happiness when I drank the wine of tantric religion. "

However, reading is different from other recreational activities. Reading is not a fun project, so the world doesn't like reading. On the one hand, we don't know the benefits of reading, and we won't enjoy reading; Secondly, most people have not mastered the method of reading.

Fortunately, however, 90% of the problems we encountered have been successfully solved by people all over the world, and all we have to do is study and practice. Where to study? -From the book. In other words, we can find answers to questions that we don't like to read and don't understand.

But the problem is that there are thousands of reading methods. We want to find a suitable reading method from all kinds of dry goods books, which is really difficult! Why?

Reading is a private activity. It is wrong for us to blindly follow others in choosing books to study. What books people should choose and how to read need to be adjusted according to their own purpose and situation. The most important thing about reading is to use it for me and please myself. So, I think reading is the best way, but there is no way. In other words, a reading pace that suits you is a good method.

So, is there no way to learn? Do you have to cross the river by feeling the stones when you study? Actually, it is not. Many reading methods we come into contact with have their boundaries, which are especially difficult to use. What should we do?

In order to solve this problem, I specially summed up a general formula, that is, the best reading method = find the imitation object (master) and try to practice and sum up my own reading method.

However, in this formula, the most difficult part is to find the imitation object. Therefore, I specially summed up seven famous people in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad and their own reading methods to share with you. I hope that through the sharing of this article, everyone can find a suitable reading method.

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

0 1

Zeng Guofan's reading has 1 method and four-character formula.

Zeng Guofan's reading mentality is "there is no other way to study". He said: "He didn't read his book until he finished it. It was all about consulting outsiders." In other words, if you don't finish reading a book, you will never read another book. What you read is for others. This mentality can be explained as: a good book should be thoroughly read and thoroughly read. How to operate specifically? Zeng Guofan's four-word formula for reading: reading, writing and writing.

Look: extensive reading boating;

Reading: for poetry and songs, it is appropriate to read.

Writing: In ancient times, people often practiced handwriting, but in modern times, many students type, so I understand writing as taking reading notes. How to write notes? Zeng Guofan talked about two recording methods in his letters home. First, in reading, if he gets the message, write down his reading experience at the moment. The second is to write down (or ask questions) when you have questions. "If you know something, you will often talk to it, and then you will go hand in hand." In short, talking to others is more rewarding.

Writing is writing. The more you read, the more you remember, and ultimately it is the knowledge of others. So we need to "stand on the shoulders of giants" to write.

Summarize the underlying logic of Zeng Guofan's reading method;

Look at your needs and find a good book.

Concentrate on reading and extract useful and insightful information.

Processing information into knowledge,

Knowledge re-creation

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

02

Lu Xun has ten reading methods.

The first is to turn over the books. Mr. Lu Xun said: "The book is in front of us. No matter what it is, we must always turn it over, or look at the preface, or look at a few pages." This method can broaden our horizons and open our minds. Learn from others.

The second is to look carefully. This method is very similar to Zeng Guofan's "reading without exception". Even if some books are obscure, we should bite the bullet and read and learn more.

The third is specialization. Work hard in professional fields and favorite subjects. Reading is not about numbers, but about quality.

Fourth, live reading. Lu Xun advocated reading this living book in the world with his own eyes. That is, apply what you have learned.

The fifth is to participate in reading. Reading is not only the content of reading, but also the author and the background of the times.

The sixth is to learn with questions. Ask yourself a few more reasons and think about how the author wrote and what he wanted to express.

The seventh is to skip the question. Lu Xun believes that "if you only see that place when you are in doubt, then no matter how long you look at it, you will never understand it." So jump over and move on, so that even the place ahead is understood. "

Eight is reading three. When studying in San Tan Yin Yue, Mr. Lu Xun made a clever and exquisite bookmark with the words 10 written on it: "Read it three times, heart, eyes and mouth". After that. He is reading a book. Bookmark the words you have read, read them silently, and recite the book by the way.

Nine is newspaper clipping. We should use newspaper clippings to accumulate information. Lu Xun believes that in any case, collecting data day by day for ten years can always become a scholar. "

Ten is emphasis. The warmer the books you read, the more you will learn new things.

Summarize Mr. Lu Xun's reading methods

Personally, I think this reading method is very practical.

Reading method: turn over the books and read quickly, specializing in slow reading.

Reading attitude: after reading, you must "realize with your heart, your eyes and your mouth".

Reading tips: read the content and author of the book with questions. When encountering difficulties, we must skip ahead and concentrate on solving important problems.

After reading: organize the information, often review the old and learn the new.

03

Gu Jiegang's Reading Method: Critical Reading

Gu Jiegang, a famous modern historian, said: "We read books to find ways to learn, not to let books control our thoughts. So when you study, you should be suspicious everywhere. "

Charles Munger once said, "Think from another angle, and always think from another angle." Gu Jiegang's reading method is essentially a reverse thinking reading method. That is to say, the author said so, and I think so. In other words, being an author is so correct, but I use examples to prove that the author is wrong.

Gu Jiegang said: "Everywhere will criticize it with their own ideas." In other words, we should not be slaves to books, be trapped by books and be controlled by books.

Although critical reading is very useful, I personally think it is quite difficult to operate. This method also has certain requirements for personal knowledge reserve. However, critical reading exercises people's reverse thinking extremely.

Because "as long as we have judgment, books are for us." As long as we are critical, we will know what is good, what is bad, what can be used by us and what can be discarded directly.

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

04

Feng Youlan's philosophical reading method: precision, enlightenment, knowledge and enlightenment

Feng Youlan, a famous contemporary philosopher and educator in China, said: "

I am eighty-seven years old. I have been studying since I was seven years old, and I have been studying for 80 years, during which I have basically never stopped. I can't say that I have no experience in reading. The books I read are probably all literature, history and philosophy, especially philosophy. My experience can be summarized as four points: precision, understanding, knowledge and understanding. "

Choose carefully; Choose the classic works handed down from ancient times, and then read them intensively, word for word. This is similar to Zeng Guofan's "reading without exception" and Lu Xun's "studying hard".

Explain what he said; There is an old saying in China that "what the book says is not enough, and the implication is not enough". Simply put, reading can not only understand the literal meaning, but also read the author's implication.

Know its meaning; I understand "meaning" as the meaning of artistic conception, that is to say, to understand what the author said in what situation.

Be rational. "Reason", I understand as understanding. In other words, look at the problem without personal emotions and opinions, and seek truth from facts. Under what circumstances, what problems can be solved by reading what the author said. In a word, it is a dead book to read.

summary

Feng Youlan's reading method simply points out how to read a good book intensively. Very good!

05

Qian Zhongshu's reading method: taking notes.

Mr. Zhong Shu is knowledgeable and has profound attainments in ancient Chinese, and he often quotes classics. Everyone thinks that Zhong Shu has a super memory, but this is not the case.

According to Mr. Jiang Yang, he just likes reading and is willing to work hard, not only reading, but also taking notes; Read it not only once or twice, but also three or four times, and the notes are constantly supplemented. So although he read a lot of books, it is not easy to forget. Jiang Yang also recalled: "Zhong Shu took notes about twice as long as reading this book."

How to take reading notes?

I summed up a thinking note formula, that is, taking notes = thinking and recording. Specific operation method:

1. Thinking

Find the contact point? Why do I feel? What does this have to do with me? Life, work, etc. )

Record your thoughts.

There are three methods: abstract method, empirical method, annotation method and abstract method.

Recorded words, sentences, paragraphs, examples, etc.

Experiential type: write about the experience and feelings of harvest.

Annotation type: circle the writing feeling in the book, etc.

arrange

Generally speaking, notes are messy, so every time we finish reading a book or a class, we should sort out our notes, either using outline mind maps or using auxiliary tools (impression notes, graphite documents, etc. ). The finishing method varies from person to person, just suit yourself. The purpose of sorting out notes is to facilitate use. Here, you can also train yourself how to find the notes you need in 10 seconds.

4. Practice

In the era of information explosion, ordinary people are carrying information, while smart people are reorganizing and creating information. So, stop being an information collector and be a knowledge practitioner! Practice the articles collected by major platforms before deleting them.

06

Ba Jin's wonderful reading method: memory method

Ba Jin once wrote in Reading magazine: "I was hospitalized for the second time. I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa less than an hour after taking a nap every day, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain refuses to rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. "

What are the advantages of this retrospective reading method?

First, make full use of fragmentation time, review knowledge at any time and place, and check for leaks.

Second, it is an active learning. In your own mind, practicing the books you have read is like imparting knowledge to others. In this way, the knowledge preservation rate can reach 90% at high energy.

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

07

Thoreau's reading method: "pull away" reading

Thoreau said: "Many people learn to read for their trivial convenience, just as they learn arithmetic for keeping accounts and doing business without being cheated;" However, reading is regarded as a noble intellectual exercise, but they know little or nothing. "

In other words, few people read books in order to enrich their spirits. Even people who love reading only study at the secular level, which is the main reason why chicken soup books and dry goods books are particularly popular at present.

There's nothing wrong with that. Reading is to solve problems and make life better. But don't forget that people's pursuit is endless. When your worldly level is satisfied, when you have a certain wealth, your heart will be empty. At this time, under the encouragement of curiosity, you will also be eager to get close to more outstanding talents and want to get in touch with knowledge and talents in other fields. what can I do?

There are usually two ways to say, one is to let yourself study instead of you in the future, and the other is to pick up a book and study hard no matter what stage you are in life now.

However, Thoreau believed that only our nobler faculties read in a dormant state; Is reading, we must stand on tiptoe and dedicate our most alert and sober time to them.

In other words, real reading is to cultivate sentiment and meet people's spiritual needs, rather than being in the primary reading stage all the time. This way of reading is rarely used by modern people.

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

08

My reading method: super practical reading method

First, pick books.

Before reading, think about what books you need to charge yourself at this stage, and go in and choose according to the classification of books. At this time, you can refer to other people's recommendation list and Douban's score, select a few books of interest, then look through the book catalogue, and finally choose 1-2 books to read. Remember that choice is more important than hard work.

Second, read the catalogue and write three reasons for reading this book.

There are two purposes of reading, one is utilitarian reading and the other is entertaining reading. If it is utilitarian reading, you will find the answer with questions; If you want to study for fun, then you can read whatever you want and be happy.

Thirdly, there are two reading methods: cold reading and hot reading.

Yang Zhiping said in Lifestyle: "I divide books into bad books, useful books, famous books, famous books and masterpieces. It is difficult for most books to surpass the golden thread of "masterpieces". So you don't have to waste your limited life on reading works under "masterpieces" repeatedly. Available books and most masterpieces can be read hot, and those masterpieces and masterpieces that have condensed the author's hard work for many years need to be read cold. "

What are cold reading and hot reading?

Qian Zhongshu said: "Hot reading means that the French eat hot beef and eat a lot. Cold reading means that the British eat hot beef cold, gentleman, chew slowly. "

In short, when you meet a good book, use the cold reading method; When you encounter a bad book, you will abandon it; When you come across an available book, you use hot reading to refine useful methods. How to do hot reading well?

What is the book about thinking? Solve what problem? What's the news What's the use?

Generally speaking, I will read different books in different ways.

I divide books into three categories: literature (novels), dry books and other books (history, philosophy, popular science, etc. )

Literature (novel) works, "four questions" recall the contents of the book and speak it out.

What is the content of this book?

What are the details of the content? How is it reflected? How do I feel?

Is this book true?

This book has nothing to do with me! What do you think? What inspiration did this book give you?

Dry goods book "five questions" to help memory

What did the author of this book say?

What's the purpose?

What methodology is provided?

Can you do it?

If so, what should you do?

Other books criticize that reading "five questions" is helpful to memory.

Find out what the author said.

Have you fully understood the definition of a new term mentioned by the author?

What is the author's intention in saying these words?

Under what circumstances did the author say these words?

What is the scope of application of these words? When does it apply? Under what circumstances does it not apply? Give your opinion.

Fourth, use the cold reading method and take notes to drive thinking. Accord to that note-taking formula mentioned above. Notes = thinking, recording, organizing and practicing. Specific operation method:

Fifth, how to read?

Reading methods: reading paper books, reading e-books and listening to books.

Paper books are suitable for hot reading; E-books are suitable for extensive reading;

Paper books are more comfortable to read and e-books are more convenient to use;

Paper books should be read quietly, and e-books can be read at will anytime and anywhere. Sometimes, I can choose to listen to the book and listen to the interpretation of the book by the masters, so as to judge whether the book is worth reading by myself.

What is the best way to read? Seven famous people's reading methods, 1 universal formula teaches you to learn to read.

abstract

Question 1: Is reading useless?

Reading is really useless, but it's not that books are useless, it's that you are useless. In my opinion, books are just a carrier, recording the wealth left by the world; And words are just a form of expression and the most precious commemoration. Look at reading from any angle. It is an activity that human beings must do.

But if you always think reading is useless, there are four reasons:

1. Before studying, you didn't have a clear goal. My suggestion is that you should ask yourself more questions before reading. )

2. When reading, there is no contact (experience, case, etc. ) or take notes while reading (refining ideas and methods).

3. After reading, there is no applied knowledge, and knowledge has not been tested in action.

4. There is no knowledge system, no output, and no knowledge is transformed into ability.

Question 2: What are the good reading methods?

The method that suits you is the best way to read. In this article, I shared the reading methods of seven famous people and mine, which are ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.

Zeng Guofan's reading mentality and four-character strategy

Lu Xun has ten reading methods.

Gu Jiegang's Reading Method: Critical Reading

Feng Youlan's philosophical reading method: precision, enlightenment, knowledge and enlightenment

Qian Zhongshu's reading method: taking notes.

Ba Jin's wonderful reading method: memory method

Thoreau's reading method: "pull away" reading

My reading method: super practical reading method

Through these methods, I want to tell you not to blindly find, collect or even buy "dry" books or articles called reading methods. Because different people have different attitudes towards reading, they also have different reading methods and different books they need. Therefore, what we need more is to find the object of imitation (master) and keep trying and practicing until we finally sum up our own reading methods.

Finally, I want to share a poem by Zhu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty:

Reflections on reading.

Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky was overcast.

Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.