Yang's classical Chinese

1. No Fire in the Translation of Ancient Auspicious Symbols in China.

After returning to the palace, Princess Jinding suffered from long-distance soil borrowing, but the people ordered her to dig a way to borrow soil, which turned into a huge ravine in a few days. Shen Kuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, recorded a story of "killing three birds with one stone" in Meng Qian Bi Tan. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, the inner palace caught fire and pavilions were set on fire.

Zhenzong ordered Duke Ding Wei of Jinxiang to repair this temple. Ding adopts "digging ditches to borrow soil to solve the soil source;" Introducing water into ditches and transporting building materials; The construction scheme of "Abandoning civil canals and garbage" not only "saved hundreds of millions of square meters", but also greatly shortened the construction period of Ding Wei in Song Dynasty. The original text is: auspicious symbol, no fire.

At that time, Princess Jinding returned to the palace, suffering from a long way to borrow soil. The people ordered him to dig a passage to borrow soil, and it became a huge graben in a few days. Decided to plunge water into the ravine, draw a bamboo raft, and transport miscellaneous materials from the ravine to the palace gate.

When it was over, it turned into a street by rejecting rubble and dust. Kill three birds with one stone and save hundreds of millions of dollars.

During the reign of Xiangfu, the palace caught fire. Ding was ordered to repair the burnt-out palace, but it was difficult to borrow soil. Ding ordered craftsmen to dig in the street. Within a few days, the street turned into a deep ditch. Ding ordered craftsmen to introduce the river water from the Bianhe River into the ditch, and then used many bamboo rafts and boats to transport the materials needed to repair the palace into the palace along the ditch. After the palace is repaired, the burnt palace will be transported into the palace. Decided to plunge water into the ravine, draw a bamboo raft, and transport miscellaneous materials from the ravine to the palace gate.

When it was over, it rejected the rubble, dust and mud and became a street. Kill three birds with one stone and save hundreds of millions of dollars.

2. Classical Chinese Uncle Yang Bingzi translated the original text: Uncle Yang Bingzi, a great scholar Yang Zhenzong, rarely passed on his father's affairs. Ming Shi Jingyi was widely circulated and often lived in seclusion as a professor.

Over forty years old, you should be a vulgar monarch, worship the history of the emperor, and diligently make secretariat for the four States of Henan, Jing, Xu and Yan, and move to the city. I am the secretariat, with two thousand stones, and I serve by the day. Yu Lu doesn't enter private doors.

Therefore, the official left 1 million and stayed at home. Known for honesty.

Emperor Huan acceded to the throne, persuaded him to enter the Shang Dynasty, worshipped Dr. Taizhong and Commander Zuo, and moved to serve Zhong and Shang Dynasty. When the emperor was traveling, he was lucky enough to have a private trip to Liangyinfu, Henan.

The strong wind uprooted the tree that day, and he was dizzy during the day, so he said, "I heard it was from Germany, and disaster should have happened." Chuan said, "There is no door to misfortune and happiness, only people call."

Heaven does not say anything, taking disaster as a warning, so Confucius' thunder wind will change. "Poetry" says: "Respect the power of heaven and dare not drive it."

The king is supreme and frequent, but he walks carefully and stops in a quiet room. If it weren't for the temple in the suburbs, he wouldn't fly the flag. Therefore, the Book of Songs says, "I got it from the outing palace", and the Book of Changes says, "You have a temple to enjoy filial piety".

Governors are like ministers, and Chunqiu still lists its commandments. What's more, he travels privately as the first king! Disrupt and inferior, equal and out of order, guards guarding the empty palace, appointing female concubines, extraordinary changes, palm Zhang's plan, bear the responsibility of the first emperor and regret it. I am grateful to the world, so I will prepare my words and be persuasive with my meager knowledge. I am particularly sad. I am grateful to the sun and the moon. I treat my life well, and I am afraid of destroying it. I'm a little stupid.

Dina. Insist on taking sick leave and begging for retreat, and go out to help the wind.

Qiu regretted going to the imperial court and advised him not to move out and stay with Dr. Guanglu. At that time, General Liang Ji used his power to admit that he was ill.

Six years later, after Zhu Ji, I worshipped servants and served the court too much. In the third year of Yan Xi, Baima ordered Liu Yun to remonstrate, but failed to do so, so he dismissed from office and returned to the field.

That winter, he was recruited to worship Henan Yin. First of all, Zhong Chang served Shan Chaodi as a satrap of Yin Ji, and committed the crime of hiding as a fifth kind of secretariat. Embarrassed and anxious, he asked the guests to stab Yanzhou for Wei Yu.

Things have been seen in the biography of species. When Fang was arrested, the prisoner was in Luoyang, and he did it at the thought of poverty. He ordered Fang to go to prison suddenly and die.

Shangshu summoned Bingzhou to reprimand him, and Bingzhou said to him, "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu doesn't punish Li Bi and Lu Duo for stealing. Only when there is no form can they be blamed by Shan Kuang. Stabbing law enforcement officials, hurting ministers who serve the public, ordering them to flee, forgiving their bodies and committing crimes will eventually be a national disaster.

Begging for the threshold car to assess the matter, the traitor will be able to stand. "We should miss being a left-wing school and forgive us after a long drought.

There must be a solar eclipse, Taishan satrap Huangfugui and other lawsuits are loyal, which should not be suppressed for a long time. A letter was addressed to Levibin and Chu Shi Wei Zhu on the bus, both of whom said that they were not sick.

It is a sin to have a teacher who is effective and disrespectful. The discussion between Shangshuling Zhou Jing and Shangshu Bianshao said: "When teaching Confucianism, always be modest; Living in seclusion is righteous, and concession is the festival.

If you can't get all the signatures, you will violate the hope of the sidelines, but you will hesitate to eat, which will curb the wind of progress. In the world of husband and king, there will be ministers called to surrender, and the holy court will be raised. It is appropriate to use the gift of friendship.

You can tell where you belong, which is a metaphor for the court. If it fails, we will discuss the punishment in detail. "

So I collected it again, but I arrived, and I worshipped it too many times. In the winter of five years, Liu Ju was replaced by Qiu.

At that time, Fang Chi, the eunuch, was an official, with children all over the world, and the ruling and opposition parties fought for power and profit, complaining bitterly. The soldier said, "Most officials at home and abroad are not our own. They all worship without trying, and they complain about stealing."

In the old canon, the children of middle officials were not allowed to occupy a place. Today, the guests are in the branches and leaves, or they are young and mediocre. The canon guards the slaughter, and everyone is angry, and the four sides are worried about poison. We can follow the old chapter, retreat from greed and disability, and stop evil and slander.

Please send a captain from the company, a captain from the second division, a captain from the second division, a captain from the fifth battalion of Chengmen and a captain from the northern army. All entities and departments should be dismissed, and they should tell themselves that there are omissions in the inspection of the three governments and continue. "The emperor from it.

So more than 50 people, such as Xiongnu corps commander Yan Yuan, Qingzhou secretariat Yang Liang and Liaodong satrap Sun Xuan, live or die, and the world is in awe. At that time, many county officials stayed to worship Lang. It is said that there were more than 700 people in Sanshi who saw Lang. Money is empty and there are many people who eat, but they are not good at keeping up with the situation. They want to turn this country into a pool and pour it into trouble.

It is advisable to cross worship to plug the coveted end. Since then, the emperor has been alive, and the worshippers have never returned.

In seven years, I visited Yuanling in the south, and specially called for soldiers to follow. Zhang Biao, the prefect of Nanyang, has a long history with Di Wei, so driving is the most important thing. Because of his tone, he mostly goes to do private things.

When I heard about it, I wrote a book to make Jingzhou secretariat and made a statement to the court. And went to Nanyang, left and right adultery, and many letters were removed.

Fu Bing came forward to remonstrate, saying, "I heard that Wang Jianguo is the first, and he can control officials according to heaven. Qiu Ji accumulated a star, named Lang Wei, who entered the night guard and became a herdsman.

The danger of Hao Tao's commandments lies in officials. The Taoist priests were excluded, graceful and graceful, and the nobles were the goods, which led to their downfall. Therefore, people talk about it, the white horse is far away, and Jiang Mumu is far away from the Qing Dynasty.

It is appropriate to break the unbearable grace and break the road of desire. "So in addition to a check.

At that time, I used to serve Hou Lan's brother to make a secretariat for Yizhou, and I was tired of feeling guilty for the hiding and tyranny of a state. If you illegally participate in the performance next year, you must ask Ting Wei for the threshold.

Participate in fear and commit suicide. Bing Yin's recitation and constant attendance in middle school said: "I am an old official of the country, and I am a vertical official. It used to be a vigil in the province, but now it is spoiled and in power. "

Those who flatter them will be praised for their public interests and rewarded for their private interests; He who does not follow his heart will seek slander and anger. Living in France, the prince is rich at home and his diet is extremely delicious. His servants and concubines are very rich. Although Ji Jia is good at Lu and Qin, why is it still good? In this case, I often take part in the participation of Hou Lan's brother, and I am greedy for Yuan evil, asking for trouble. When I look at my troubles, I will have self-doubt and feel that it is not appropriate to meet again.

Yesterday, I punished Gao's father and took his wife, so that they could take it, making it difficult for him to die. The book Spring and Autumn Annals thinks this is the best warning. Gai Zhengzhan came, the country was in chaos, and four people were released.

From this point of view, can it be close? Look at the right picture and jump on the tiger. If you are a Rusi person, it is not due to grace. Please send him back to the county without official responsibility.

When the letter was played, Shangshu summoned Bingyi's men and said, "The government is outside the government, but its performance is close to that of the official. Is there a story about the classic China system? " The ambassador said to him, "In Spring and Autumn Annals, Zhao Yang used Jinyang's armor to drive away the evil on your side. Kawabata Yasunari said: "Apart from the evil of the monarch, strength is the only thing that matters." .

Deng Tong slack, "Tujia call responsibility, wen emperor to please. The story of the Han Dynasty, the three official positions are all-encompassing. "

Shangshu can't be scolded. The emperor was helpless, avoiding officials and cutting the country.

Every court has gains and losses, so it should be loyal to the rules and regulations, and see more and use more. Born not to drink, and lost his wife early, so no longer married, this is called spring white.

Taste calmly said, "I have three doubts: wine, sex and wealth." Eight years later, when I was seventy-four, I had a wife.

Qiqi

3. What are the main characters and contents of The Journey to the West? The main characters: Tang Priest, Tang Priest, the common surname is Chen, the nickname is Jiang Liuer, the legal name is Xuanzang, and the name is Sanzang, which was given to Tang by Emperor Taizong.

Jin Chan, the elder of reincarnation, is the second disciple of Tathagata. He is a posthumous child. Because of his parents' tragic and bizarre experiences, he grew up in a temple after becoming a monk, became a monk in Jinshan Temple, and finally moved to a famous temple in Beijing to practice.

Tang Priest is studious and highly savvy, and stands out among the monks in the temple. Finally, he was selected by Emperor Taizong, became sworn with him and went to the Western Heaven to learn from the scriptures.

On the way to get the scriptures, the Tang Priest accepted three apprentices, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand, who were named Wukong (who was chosen by Bodhi's founder and named Monkey by Tang Priest), Wuneng and Wukong respectively. After that, with the help of three disciples and Bai, he finally got back thirty-five scriptures from Leiyin Temple. Merit is complete, promotion and wealth are the positive results, and an ancient sandalwood merit was named Buddha.

Honest, kind, Buddhist, kind, timid, pedantic, poor identification ability. Monkey King Monkey King is also known as the great saints of the Monkey King, Wukong, the Monkey King and the Monkey King.

Dongsheng Shenzhou proudly came to Lingshi, Huaguoshan, and crossed the ocean alone in order to seek longevity. After 1989, he learned to talk and walk, waded through mountains and rivers, and worshipped Bodhi's ancestor in the Sanxing Cave of Fangcun Mountain, Lingtai, Hezhou and Xi Niu, and learned the skills of the demon seventy-two changes and the somersault cloud (also known as the somersault cloud). Self-styled Monkey King, making a scene in the Heavenly Palace, was pinned down by the Tathagata Buddha at the foot of Wuxing Mountain, unable to move.

Five hundred years later, the Tang Priest went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, passed by Wuxing Mountain, and broke the spell before he saved the Monkey King. The Monkey King was so grateful that he was enlightened by Guanyin Bodhisattva, worshipped Tang Priest as his teacher and went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures.

On the way to learn from the scriptures, the Monkey King exorcised demons and made many remarkable achievements. However, he was twice misunderstood and expelled by Tang Priest and his disciples. Finally, the four of them arrived at the Buddhist Leiyin Temple and got the true scriptures.

In the end, it was crowned with the name of "fighting for Buddha". People insist on justice, hate evil, be brave and enterprising, go forward bravely, be quick-witted, persistent and slightly stubborn, but narcissistic and arrogant.

The Monkey King, whose magical power first appeared, caused chaos in the underworld and the Heavenly Palace, and was later embraced by the heaven and named Bi Marvin. Because of his low status, he returned to Guo Huashan, claiming to be the Great Sage of Qitian, and forcing heaven to recognize his title.

Because of drunkenness, I disturbed the flat peach banquet of the Queen Mother, stole the elixir of the old gentleman, and refined it into the body of King Kong. Mistaken in the furnace of Taishang Laojun. After that, it caused chaos in the Heavenly Palace, and 100,000 heavenly soldiers could not beat it. Later, he lost in the battle with the Tathagata Buddha and was crushed under the Five Elements Mountain for 500 years to repent and turn over a new leaf.

After being enlightened by Guanyin Bodhisattva, he was rescued by Tang Priest, who was called a monk to protect Tang Priest from Buddhist scriptures. After eighty-one difficulties, I finally got the true scripture and made it a positive result, which was called fighting Buddha.

The Monkey King is smart, lively, loyal and hates evil. He has become the embodiment of wisdom and courage in China folk culture, and the people of China regard him as a god. Pig Bajie is also known as Pig Zhu Gang and Pig Wuneng.

He used to be the "Marshal Tian Peng" in the Heavenly Palace, in charge of the Tianhe Shuifu. Being demoted to the world for flirting with a fairy in a suit (Chang 'e was not the only one in Journey to the West) angered the Jade Emperor.

But I threw the wrong pig fetus and became a wild boar. After practice, he became a pig-faced man. Gao Cuilan, a young lady from Gaojiasan, was captured in Gaolaozhuang and later surrendered by the Monkey King, who followed Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures in the West.

In the end, it came naturally, and the title was "net altar messenger". He is lazy, simple and honest, timid, greedy and cheap, and lustful, but he is gentle and kind, full of human feelings.

[4] It killed the sow and the pigs, and adopted the second sister of the egg (a dead egg born by the phoenix, which turned into a demon because of its powerful gas field) to Zhanyun Cave in Fuling Mountain. Unexpectedly, the second sister of the egg died a year later, leaving him with only one abode of fairies and immortals. At this time, I live in Yunzhan Cave and call myself "a pig."

The Tang Priest, seeking Buddhist scriptures in the West, passed by Gao Laozhuang and had a fight with the Monkey King in Zhanyun Cave. When he heard the name of Tang Priest, he went to visit him. After being accepted as a second apprentice by Tang Priest, Tang Priest nicknamed him "Bajie" to prevent him from eating five meats and three evils.

Bajie has since become the Monkey King's good helper, protecting Tang Priest from going to the Western Heaven to learn from Sha Wujing, also known as Friar Sand. Originally a confined general in the Heavenly Palace, he broke the glass lamp at the flat peach party, angered the Queen Mother, was banished to the world, was turned into a monster by the Liusha River, and suffered the pain of thousands of arrows piercing the heart.

Later, he was subdued by Tang Priest, who was in charge of leading horses. After it was completed, it was named "Golden Lohan".

Honest and honest, hardworking but not independent. The content is that four men and women went to the west to learn from the scriptures. After eighty-one difficulties, they finally got the true scriptures and made a positive result.

Satisfactory adoption, O(∩_∩)O Thank you.

4. How to strengthen the teaching of classical Chinese in primary schools —— Reflections on the teaching of "Young's Son" (some classical Chinese are selected in the new curriculum standard of the fifth grade chapter in primary schools, most of which are short and pithy, beautiful and refreshing.

However, for primary school students who are new to classical Chinese. The learning difficulty is still relatively large.

So why can students love learning, learn easily, form a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere, and receive effective teaching results? I think we should focus on "stimulating reading, realizing and expanding". I have learned the tenth lesson "The Son of Yang" this semester. Say these four words first.

First, "inspire" feelings and cultivate interest. Interest is the premise of seeking knowledge and the driving force to promote students' thirst for knowledge.

For beginners of classical Chinese, the focus of teaching should be on students' interests. Because I am unfamiliar with classical Chinese, I have a certain freshness and curiosity.

So we should abandon the fear of difficulties and have a strong thirst for knowledge. In the teaching process, I grasped the preview of the text, carefully arranged the preview requirements, put forward different requirements for students of different levels, and asked excellent students to study more deeply after completing the preview task.

Preview is a compulsory course for everyone, and the obstacles of new words and not understanding words can be cleared through preview. Understand the main idea of the article and put forward the difficult problems encountered in the preview.

My approach is: through preview, who can make clear the general content of the article, exchange comments in class and set awards. So the students are in high spirits. Through many activities, students have a strong interest in learning and want to show their skills. At the same time, I also let students perform freely according to the content of the text, give full play to students' imagination and acting skills, deepen their understanding of the content of the text, and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

Second, intensive reading of the text is self-evident. Zhu said: "When reading, the reader must read every word aloud, without mispronouncing or missing a word."

Don't read one more word, don't read one word backwards, don't force your back, as long as you read it several times, it will be catchy and unforgettable. "The new curriculum standard also clearly puts forward:" Have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, accumulate effective and rich, and form good emotions. "

Therefore, classical Chinese teaching should focus on familiar reading and recitation, and students' association and imagination should be mobilized through recitation. Let students immerse themselves in the historical situation, go straight into the depths of the text, communicate face to face with the author, generate inspiration and sing, so as to understand the text and life in a deeper level.

My methods are mainly through silent reading, listening reading, following reading, simultaneous reading, casual reading and familiar reading. Push me into the text, go deep into this article and feel the text. Here, I think the follow-up reading is very important, because classical Chinese is different from vernacular Chinese, and sentences cannot be short and pithy. Once you can't read well, you will break sentences, causing confusion and making jokes. So when I teach The Son of Yang, at first, and finally, the teacher will guide reading, and the students will follow. In this way, students will gradually deepen their understanding of the rhyme, rhythm, pause and meaning of classical Chinese in accurate and repeated reading.

Third, feel the connotation and feel the situation. Teaching is not a simple knowledge infusion, but a "torch" created by students through knowledge learning; It is not the teacher who asks questions blindly, but the students who ask questions actively; Instead of simply answering students' questions, let students take the initiative to explore and find the answers to the questions.

In the process of teaching, I boldly let students speak, study the notes in the article, and translate classical Chinese by students with the help of a word manual. When encountering difficulties, the teacher gave instructions, so the students were full of energy. Because there are many China words in classical Chinese, such as: Zhi, Qi, Yue Jun, Nai and so on.

It is difficult for students to understand at the moment, so I use vernacular Chinese to compare it, so that students can understand the subtlety of classical Chinese. Through teaching, most students can tell the main idea of the text, and some students are still creative. The youngest son is close to our life and is easy for students to understand. Fourth, expand ideas and achieve mastery through a comprehensive study.

The new curriculum standard arranges extended contents in each unit, which means that we should not only put forward requirements for the text in the teaching process, but also strengthen extended training on this basis, so that students can flexibly use what they have learned to solve practical difficulties in our study, spread their imagination wings and find deeper connotations of the text on the basis of mastering the knowledge of the text. For example, in the article "The Younger Son", his surname Yang was mentioned. What would you do if it were you? For example, if you were, how would you evaluate or treat Yang's children? In class, I asked these questions, and students with different views raised their hands in an endless stream, which not only stimulated students' imagination, but also deepened their understanding of the deeper meaning of the text, so that students could further understand Yang's language coping ability and extraordinary wisdom. In short, the teaching of classical Chinese in primary schools has just begun for me, and we still need to explore and find ways to really let students master the methods of classical Chinese and let them better understand and use classical Chinese.