Two allusions of Zhuge Liang

Allusions: three visits to the thatched cottage, one arrow borrowing a straw boat, seven captures Meng Huo, Longzhong pair, and Wuzhangyuan.

Idiom: do your best, die before you die, and everything is only because of the east wind.

Battle of red cliff

Triangular confrontation

break the law

Let someone get away with it so that he can be arrested later.

Two heads are better than one.

A Zhuge Liang, as steady as a central account, arranges eight diagrams to catch flying generals.

Give one's last dedication

Zhuge Liang frowned-the plan came to mind.

Lu Su got on Kong Ming's boat-in a daze.

Zhuge Liang's Empty City Plan-Saving the Day

A poem lasts forever, but two sentences shake future generations.

Longzhong three-point strategy, four fires are shocking.

Five generals fight, and six are busy in Qishan.

Seven captures Meng Huogong, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his fame. unapproachable

Get along well (like a duck to water)

Eager for talent

Capture and release seven times

A tiger in a dragon's bowl is surrounded by danger.

Empty city plan-covering up a weak defense with a bold front

Born from Yu, He Shengliang.

Concentrate the wisdom of the masses and absorb all beneficial ideas.

Live a simple life to show your ambition.

Barely survive

A person with high knowledge and skills.

I don't have you.

Thrift helps to develop a simple and industrious Cao De.

improperly belittle oneself

Be incompetent for one's own task

make three calls at the thatched cottage/repeatedly request sb to take up a post

Be a novice

Borrow an arrow with a grass boat

Cultivate Nanyang

In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong, Nanyang. The songs that Liang often reads often compare himself with Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong. People didn't agree with him at that time. Only friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believe in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl."

Longzhongdui

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when I went to Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge. How can they know the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time only Long Fu (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said: "This person can meet, but he can't compromise. "The general should be white. This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit each other. )"

Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang and saw Zhuge Liang three times. Liu Bei told the others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty is dead, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord is covered with dust." Loneliness, I want to believe that righteousness is above the world, and my wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is still not over. Do you think the plan will be safe? Now that the Han Dynasty is in decline, treacherous court officials are holding the emperor to make the princes and emperors lose power. I didn't measure my virtue and ability, and wanted to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? )"

Zhuge Liang told him that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help him. It also expounds that the monarchies of Jing and Yi are weak, and only by owning these two countries can we win. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui, and Liu Bei praised it even more, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing more. I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. I wish you would stop talking about it. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.

Make a statement about crossing the river.

At that time, Liu Biao's son Liu Qi became increasingly dissatisfied with Liu Qi because of his stepmother's influence. Liu Qi attached great importance to Zhuge Liang, so he asked Zhuge Liang for self-defense several times. However, Zhuge Liang often refused, and Liu Qi used the method of taking the ladder from home at a banquet to let Zhuge Liang tell the solution. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger and Zhong Er is safe outside?" Shen Sheng has not been seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is at stake. Can Zhong Er be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, but Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture.

In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was tricked into Cao Cao's territory. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Before Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. When he arrived in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If you can compete with Wu Yue people for the world, it is better to break up with them as soon as possible (if you can compete with Wu Yue people for the country of the Central Plains, it is better to break up with Cao Cao as soon as possible)", and the other choice is to provoke him "If not, why not put the case in the north and let it go! If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! " "North" has a double meaning here: first, Cao Cao was in the north, and second, officials usually face the north when the monarch and the minister meet. )"

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 soldiers in the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia, Liu Qifan. Let's talk about Cao Jun's tiredness from afar. He chased Liu Beishi and rode a light bicycle for more than 300 miles a day and night. It is precisely "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to unite with Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and returned to the north.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, in 65438+ February, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties to adjust taxes to enrich military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In 65438+ February, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei, who suffered repeated defeats. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In 22 1 year, ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to declare himself emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Beicai agreed to let Zhuge Liang remember the history of the prime minister and have a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei died and Zhuge Liang became a captain.

(usually a dying emperor) entrusted his youngest son to (usually a minister)

In August 222, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that the Dharma was dying, or Liu Bei's crusade would stop. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an, and entrusted Li Yan to handle the affairs. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. ) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to use my strength, be faithful and die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei wants Liu Chan and other sons to be Zhuge Liang's father, but he can only be with Zhuge Liang.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.

south

Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated one before and one after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). The rich resources in the south of Shu and Han provided military services for the country. When Shu became rich, he began to train and prepare for the Northern Expedition.

northern expedition

In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang took the model to see his late master and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. At first, the Shu army took Gu Jielu as a threat to capture the county seat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as suspected troops, and Zhuge Liang led the troops to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su command error, defeat, lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, wrote to him three times, and became the prime minister as a right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone.

In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the third northern expedition. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 23 1), Zhuge Liang cut Wei for the fourth time and surrounded Qishan with wooden cows and horses to transport grain. Sima Yi was the commander-in-chief and supervisor of the resistance movement. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from a long distance and the food logistics was limited, and insisted on taking risks and refusing to fight. Zhuge Liang appointed Li Yan to be responsible for the logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and the emperor ordered his retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. After Zhuge Liang came back, he signed the list with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, saved him as Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley. This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Liu Chan is useless. The Shu army was defeated.

Zhuge Liang chronology

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Age, life and deeds

Guanghe 4 years 18 1 year 1 year Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langxie (now yinan county, Shandong) on April 14th of the lunar calendar18/year.

In the sixth year, 189, at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang passed away.

Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died.

In the first year of Xingping 194, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

Xingping 2 years 195 15 years old Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the satrap, and he and his sister-in-law went with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Nanyang.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199, 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 In 2007, 27-year-old Liu Bei visited the shanzhai, and Zhuge Liang said to Liu Beichen, "Longzhong is right". Then he went out to assist Liu Bei.

Jian 'an13 In 2008, 28-year-old Zhuge Liang sent messengers to persuade Wu Zhu Sun Quan to resist Cao.

Jian 'an 14. In 2009, 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a corps commander.

Jian 'an 16 2 1 1 year 3 1 year Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, parted ways with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and joined hands with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, Zhuge Liang served as the chief strategist and left the general office.

In 20 years of Jian 'an, 265438+2005, Zhuge Liang, 35, rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, at the age of 2 18, Zhuge Liang, 38, stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu, 22 1 year-old, 4 1 year-old, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Han", which was called Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

At the age of 43, in 223 of the first year of Shu Jianxing, Liu Bei defeated Baidicheng and left Zhuge Liang alone. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd.

In 224, the 44-year-old Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.

In 225, the 45-year-old Zhuge Liang led his army south to conquer barbarians.

In 227 AD, 47-year-old Zhuge Liang went to the "model" and stationed in Hanzhong, and went to the Northern Expedition that day.

In the sixth year of Jianxing in Shu, 48-year-old Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, and was demoted to General Right as Prime Minister.

At the age of 49, in the seventh year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang once again made a northern expedition, seized Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister.

At the age of 50, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in the eighth year of Jianxing in Shu.

When Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition in 23 rd year1year 5 1 year, he defeated Wei Jun and killed the famous soldier He at the wooden door.

Shu Jianxing 1 1 233, 53-year-old Zhuge Liang collected grain in Gu Jie Jianfu.

Shu Jianxing12,234,54-year-old Zhuge Liang went north again and died in Wuzhangyuan.

Zhuge Liang-Historical Evaluation

* Chen Shou: Zhuge Liang is also a prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing officials, taking power from the system, and being sincere and fair; Although people who are loyal to the times will be rewarded, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength!

And be prepared, the heir is young and weak, everything is fine and aboveboard. Therefore, Wu Dong is connected with the outside world, while South Vietnam is in inner peace. The application of legislation, the arrangement of the army, and the study of mechanical tools and techniques are to the extreme. Science and education are strict, rewards and punishments are credible, no evil is not punished, and no good is not obvious. As for officials, they are not allowed to be raped, and people are self-indulgent and do not pick up traces. The strong do not invade the weak, and the weathering is severe.

Li Shu's memory is convincing. Today, the people of Liang and Yi are talking to the bright, and their words are still in their ears. Although Gan Tang sang a song and Zheng sang a song, there is no way to compare them. Monk said: "Let the people use the road to escape, although they don't complain; Killing people with life, although not angry. " Believe it! Critics may blame Guangming's poor writing style, but Tai Ding Ninghua. I think it's a great saint, a saint of the Duke of Zhou, Jia? Hey? Pick? Yongyuan? Cattle? Hey? Lay eggs? ぁぁ: Woying grilled peptone, and Cai Fu? Hey? Is the cooking rate a grave disease? Yu Yu? ≈ Lure, lure, lure? Peach rebellion? Jump? Lunwei? Now? Mode？ Where is it? Disaster? Crispy? Hey? Do you have a fence on the fence?

But brilliant, long-term tolerance, short-term, better management of the people. And with the enemy, or those with outstanding face value, increase people, offensive and defensive abnormity, so although the year moves, there is no gram. Xiao He recommended Han Xin yesterday, and Guan Zhong named him the father of Prince Edward City. Both of them feel their own strengths and can't have both. A wise instrument can govern, restrain and control, and a small one is also a horse. At that time, there was no city father and Han Xin, so I worked late and did not hesitate. Intellectually, it can't be compared.

* Yang drama: loyal to Wu, offering a plan to climb the river and giving me real rights on earth. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. After four generations of exile in Youzhou, he repeatedly came to the imperial court of the enemy country, showing his power and learning from a big country, and hated it.

* Zhang: The public reward is far away, the punishment is not near, the title cannot be taken for nothing, and the punishment is inevitable. The reason why this sage and fool forgot his body is also.

* Jia Xu: Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country.

* Ye Liu: Zhuge Liang is good at being kind and kind to each other.

* Fu Gan: Zhuge Liang is aware of the changes and is well-founded.

* Liu Bei: You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things.

* Sima Yi: A genius in the world!