No wine, no poetry. Why are some poets in ancient China more heroic when they are drunk?

As we all know, the Tang Dynasty opened the ocean of poetry, and Tang poetry played a great role in promoting the literary history of China. According to statistics, in 289 of the Tang Dynasty, * * * produced more than 3,000 poets and 50,000 poems, which became a great treasure in the history of China literature.

Poets in the Tang Dynasty often used poems to express their inner feelings, which included different scenes of politics, culture, customs and human feelings at that time. Or borrow scenery to express feelings, or borrow things to express feelings, or expose state affairs, or reflect society. All kinds of poems are varied, dazzling, vast and profound, which has played an important reference value for studying the political and realistic social forms at that time in the Tang Dynasty.

One of the factors that have a great influence on poetry is wine. Literati in the Tang Dynasty mostly drank poetry and took poetry as their friends, and there were countless excellent works describing poetry and wine. For example, there are more than 200 poems with wine, more than 300 poems by Du Fu and more than 500 poems by Bai Juyi. Wine is often the best choice for poets to express their hearts and feelings.

1. Li Bai, a romantic poet in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, was one of the "Ten Friends of the Immortal" and was "repaid" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty because of his exclusion and difficult career. He often drinks to drown his sorrows, and drinking poetry has become his best pastime every day. During this period, Li Bai created a lot of books about wine.

"Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! ... cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! ... give them to the boy in exchange for good wine and share eternal sorrow with you. " ("Entering Wine") "The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10,000 copper coins and a hip flask, and a jade plate is precious and shameful for 10,000 yuan." (It's hard for me to walk) "I took out a pot of wine from the flowers and drank it alone. No one is with me. Until I raised my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and let the three of us. " Li Bai's poems are unrestrained, fresh, refined and elegant, which makes people relaxed and open-minded. Here we seem to see such a group of pictures: a handsome man with Yushu in the wind, holding a cup in his left hand and a sword in his right hand, dancing while drinking, poetic and picturesque, and the man and the sword are one. ......

2. Realism "Poet Sage" Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai. Du Fu was another poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, known as "Da Du Li" and a realistic poet. His poems mostly describe the life of the poor at the bottom of the society, reflecting the social reality in the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, and therefore offended some dignitaries in the DPRK, and even resigned and left, leading a hard life and often living on relief.

Song of Drinking Eight Immortals is an early work of Du Fu. At that time, I stayed in Chang 'an to take the exam, and I was full of beautiful expectations for my future career. At a poetry reception, he sang eight literati who were addicted to alcohol at the same time, namely He, Ruyang, Zuo Prime Minister, Cui Zongzhi, Li Bai, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui. These eight words move quickly, drink passionately, jump from the paper, make people relaxed and happy, and the melody is light, as if they were there.

The song in Drinking: "I know that riding a horse is like riding a boat, and I feel dizzy and sink to the bottom of the well." Ruyang's three fights began in the sky, and the road was salivating at the corner of the car. I wish I could not seal it to Jiuquan. Drinking like a whale costs thousands of dollars, and a cup of music is called a saint. Zong Zhi, a handsome boy, looked up at the sky with white eyes, as bright as Yushu before the wind. Before Su Jin Dynasty embroidered Buddha in Changzhai, he often liked to escape Zen when he was drunk. Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about fighting wine and went to sleep in a restaurant in Chang 'an. The son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster. Zhang Xu handed down three cups of grass, and before he took off his hat and showed his head to the maharaja, he threw the paper like a cloud. Jiao sui's five fights are outstanding, and it is about four banquets. 3. Compared with Du Li, the pastoral Shi Fo is more inclined to describe the pastoral aspects of landscape. Not only that, his landscape paintings are both dynamic and static, with long interest and fascination. This should have a lot to do with his semi-official and semi-secluded life at the foot of Lantian Mountain and Zhong Nanshan Mountain.

"I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go out to the west." ("Send Yuan Er Shi Anxi") "I dismounted to propose a toast to you and asked you where you were going and why." ("Farewell") "Deliberately drinking Jun Jun is wide and human feelings are like waves." (Drinking and Pei Di) What a state it is to meditate in the mountains and rivers, realize the Tao in the countryside, transcend the secular world and blend into nature!

4. Gao Shi, a frontier poet, ranks first among the "four frontier poets" in the Tang Dynasty. He described a lonely desert city and the blood of soldiers on the battlefield with magnificent and tragic poems.

"A pot of wine at the bedside can sleep more." "The meaning of drunkenness is not given to Zhang Jiuxu after drinking" "Drinking a thousand points is not intoxicating, and Hu can ride a horse at the age of twenty." (Yingzhou Song) "Playing chess all night, drinking and singing Yang Liu Chun." ("Wei does not join the army") Indulge in drinking and hunting, and give birth to Li Bai; Poetry refers to mulberry, to Du Fu. Full of pride, holding a sword on the battlefield is like taking us to the border of Zhao Yan where the autumn wind is cold, gongs and drums are loud, and soldiers bravely kill the enemy and die.

The above only lists the descriptions of poetry and wine by four poets in the Tang Dynasty, and also illustrates the relationship between poetry and wine. If wine is compared to the waves of poetry, then poetry is the ocean of wine.

What kind of drink was the wine in the Tang Dynasty? Why is it so attractive? China has a long history of winemaking. It is said that wine was invented during the period of Yu Shun. By the Tang Dynasty, the brewing industry had matured, and there were more than ten kinds of famous wines. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Zhao recorded in Tang Shi Supplement: "Wine is rich in water in Yingzhou, there are holes in Xingyang, frozen rocks in Fuping, burning in Jiannan, drying in Hedong and grapes."

Although there are many kinds of wine, the methods of making wine are basically the same. At first, wine was divided into fruit wine, yellow wine, rice wine and medicinal liquor. Until the Tang and Song Dynasties, fruit grains were cooked, fermented with distiller's yeast and squeezed before wine was produced. The alcohol content is about 10- 18, which is similar to that of wine and beer now, which is why the ancients drank a lot of alcohol by the number of barrels.

History of Food in Hanshu: "One brew uses two sticks of coarse rice, and one stick of music makes six sticks and six buckets of wine." "Qi Yao Min Shu": "The method of making mulberry wine: one bucket of fermented rice and two buckets of cooked rice. Its rice is fine, clean and the water is clear. Use a bucket of boiling water and stop after three injections. When the song is dyed, throw it away when it is ready, without wasting time. Don't let children eat millet. " In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, not only did the government have many famous brewing industries, but even the people generally brewed wine at home. According to records, on Chang 'an Avenue in Kyoto at that time, "there were many restaurants, feathers flying, wine curtains tumbling and wine everywhere." From emperors and generals, dignitaries, Buddhist temples to ordinary people, wine has entered thousands of households as a common drink, and even the elderly and women often drink it.

Du Mu's "Tomb-Sweeping Day": "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls; Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy refers to Xinghua Village. " The wine has the effects of stimulating appetite, promoting digestion, relieving fatigue, expelling cold, removing dampness, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, beauty beauty, and enjoying body and mind. Drinking too much wine can also make people nervous, as if they were in spring, so that they are endless and paralyzed. It seems that anything beyond a certain limit is not good.

New Compendium of Materia Medica: "Wine is bitter, sweet, pungent, hot and poisonous. Without classics, you can introduce classics and drugs, which is very fast and popular, and you can go to high school and high school. Drink less, strengthen the spleen and help the liver, stay in beauty, beautify and promote blood circulation. " Emperor Taizong liked Wei Zhi's wine very much, and praised it as "climbing over Lansheng, Cui Tao surpassing jade". Drunk for a thousand days, unbeaten for ten years. "Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty has the allusion of" the imperial concubine was drunk ",and the poet Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty has" a statue of spring wine is so sweet that no one knows it. The "Dragon Paste Wine" presented by Wuyishan when he left Tang Xianzong is black as paint and refreshing to drink. "

Knowing the efficacy of wine and the top-down drinking habits in the Tang Dynasty, it is not difficult to understand why poets have a soft spot for wine.

Scholars are friends at the reception; Poetry and songs, entertaining with wine; Greet farewell and treat each other with wine; Romance, drinking, writing poetry. Wine is indispensable in customs and festivals, and wine has become an indispensable necessity in the daily life of poets in the Tang Dynasty.

There are also many entertainment customs related to poetry and wine, such as throwing pots, boxing, hiding hooks, shooting dice and so on. The gentlest thing is probably "running water", that is, on the third day of the third lunar month, a group of literati gather at the edge of a curved canal, and a full glass of wine is placed upstream, and with the water, it flows to whom.

Wine can open a person's heart, it can be courageous, and poets can express their feelings and drown their sorrows. Who knows if it will be poetic after drinking? Li Bai can write hundreds of poems by drinking a barrel of wine, and poetic wine naturally becomes the best standard to measure talented people and beautiful women.

Another important factor that poets have a soft spot for wine is that they can use wine to pour out their grievances, express their feelings in their chests and express their beautiful expectations for life. Most of the poets in the Tang Dynasty were short of talents, had a hard career and suffered greatly, which had a great influence on the social politics at that time. For example, Li Bai was "returned with gold", Du Fu was displaced, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran tended to live in seclusion, and Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were repeatedly relegated. In this case, poetry wine naturally became their best friend.

"Two people to the action of mountain flowers, cup after cup. I was so drunk that I wanted to go to sleep, and the Ming Dynasty intended to hold the piano "(Li Bai's Drinking with Lovers Mountain)," Drinking in the mountains, the piano will be played at the mouth of the cave "(Zhang Ji's Lu Changshi's seeing off the hermit Huashan), and" I can't help drinking "(Meng Haoran's Banquet and Two-in-One Room) just because of the introduction made of wine, many poets have been handed down through the ages. Wine is the wave of poetry, and poetry is the ocean of wine. Poets in the Tang Dynasty can't live without wine, and they have a special liking for wine, which may be the so-called "no poetry without wine" and "no distinction between poetry and wine".