Mr. Zhou Youguang's wife

Zhou Youguang's wife, Zhang Yunhe —— Excerpt from Thinking of a Hundred Years Old.

Wife Zhang Yunhe.

The four sisters of the Zhang family are very famous, not only at home, but also abroad. A few years ago, Ms. Annping Chin from Yale University wrote a book called Four Sisters in Hefei. As a great family, the Zhang family began with my wife Zhang Yunhe's great-grandfather Zhang Shusheng, and Zhang Shusheng was born with Li Hongzhang in the war. "Zhang Jia" and "Li Jia" are juxtaposed. Li Hongzhang was allowed to go home for three months because of his mother's death. Li Hongzhang returned to his hometown and was represented by Zhang Shusheng. Zhang Shusheng is a great official, having served as the governor of Zhili, Guangdong and Guangxi, and Liangjiang. So the next generation has also become a big official. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Wuling, the father of the third generation, was born and was influenced by new ideas. He knows that his family has money and status, but he can't go on like this. I decided to leave Anhui and start a new education in Suzhou. 192 1 year, he founded Le Yi girls' school in Suzhou, which was very successful. He made friends with many famous educators at that time, such as Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Menglin, and helped him run the school well. He doesn't accept donations from outside, and others try to find donations. On the contrary, he doesn't want donations. At that time, there was a joke, and his family laughed at him: "This man is really stupid. He spends money on other people's children instead of his own." In fact, he was more advanced and enlightened, and his property was invested in education. He argued to the next generation that his money was only used for children's education.

My wife, ten brothers and sisters and four women-"the four sisters of the Zhang family" received a good education at that time. Not only new college education, but also the foundation of Chinese studies is good. Ye Shengtao teaches in my father-in-law's school. He once said: "If you are a talented woman in Jiuru Lane, you will be happy all your life."

Jiuru Lane used to be in the city center, and the housing was connected with the school. After liberation, the Suzhou government tore down the original house and built a tall building in this place to become the government office. The house where the Zhang family lives is public, and now there is a younger brother living there. The original house is left with the so-called "next home", which is now being repaired. There is a park in the center of Suzhou. Jiuru Lane is next to it. If you find the park, you will find Jiuru Lane. Once upon a time, it was close to parks and libraries. When we were young, there were many rivers in Suzhou, but now they have all been filled up and turned into roads, which is not good.

Interestingly, the decline of our family and the rise of their family are all related to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. My great-grandfather used to be an official in other places, but later he returned to Chang 30, where he was very rich and set up a cotton mill, a cloth factory and a pawn shop. Here comes the long hair. In Qing dynasty, there was no plan to resist long hair, and the local army joined forces to resist, so the city could not communicate with the outside world. All the money in the city was given by my great-grandfather. Long hair couldn't get in and left. He captured Nanjing and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After two years, he came to Changzhou again, and he was put down. My great-grandfather drowned. After the death of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing Dynasty made him an official-the hereditary Yun Qi Wei. After the death of the hereditary Yun Qiwei, he will give a lot of money to future generations. My grandfather was outside when he fought in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and he will come back after the war. He doesn't need to be an official, and he can get a lot of money every year. Until the Republic of China. The original land for pawnshops and workshops is still there, and most of the houses were burned down by Taiping rebels. It will take several years to sell one place in the remaining years and sell another place for several years. At that time, the shelf at home was still very big, and my father was a teacher. Of course, it is impossible to maintain such a big family. My father later set up his own museum of Chinese studies, and his income was not much. He can support a small family, but of course he can't support a big family. In this way, I was poor, so when I went to college, I was the poorest, and I couldn't even afford to go to college.

Our two families are in Suzhou, and my sister Zhou is studying in a girls' middle school. Zhang Yunhe is my sister's classmate. She often came to see my sister, came to my house to play, and we met. During holidays, our brothers and sisters, their brothers and sisters often play together. The most interesting places in Suzhou are from Nagato to Tiger Hill, near Tiger Hill and Far East Mountain. There are many roads and rivers. You can take a boat, ride a bike or ride a donkey. Riding a donkey to Tiger Hill is fun and there is no danger. This step by step, did not affect the love process.

Our young friends can play in their school during the holidays. It is convenient to play and the place is moderate. The atmosphere in their home is very open. Children have friends with children, and the previous generation has friends with the previous generation. At that time, it was a very free and open atmosphere with no constraints at all. I'll either go alone or several people.

The four sisters of the Zhang family studied Kunqu opera when they were children. At that time, Kunqu opera was the most elegant entertainment. Zhang Wuling doesn't like it because he gambles and drinks during the Spring Festival. He thinks it would be better for children to learn Kunqu opera. Children began to think it was fun, and later they became more and more fond of Kunqu opera, whose literature was fascinating. Kunqu opera is a poetic language, which is very well written and has a lot to do with the progress of ancient Chinese. The Zhang Yun Peace Conference will sing and perform Kunqu Opera. Later, Yu Pingbo's study of A Dream of Red Mansions was criticized. 1956 We came to Beijing from Shanghai, and Yu Pingbo suggested that we set up the Beijing Kunqu Opera Research Association. Fans together, in the old society, was a noble entertainment, which increased the meaning of life. At first, Yu Pingbo was the president. Later, the Cultural Revolution was banned. After the "Cultural Revolution", Yu Pingbo refused to be the chairman, so he pushed Zhang Yunhe as the chairman. Kunqu Opera Society still exists today. Its chairman is Ouyang Qiming, the daughter of Ouyang Zhongshi and a student from Zhang Yunhe. Ouyang Qiming is out of luck. After graduating from middle school, children from bourgeois families were not allowed to go to college, so she had to repair her watch. As soon as the "Cultural Revolution" ended, she was introduced by friends to Japan to study for several years, and then came back to teach at Capital Normal University. I am also a member of Kunqu Club. I am not active, but I attend every meeting. Zhang Yunhe took an active part in research, performance and editing. I'll stay with her.

When Zhang's sisters and brothers were young, they ran a family magazine called Water at home, which was fun for relatives and friends to read. This magazine was later closed. After many years, my wife is over 80 years old and wants to reissue it. I also play at home. After it was republished, Ye Zhishan wrote an article about it in the newspaper, which she said was the smallest publication in the world. As soon as she wrote it, the big publishing house read it, and when she saw it, she felt great, and then she published Spray Collection. The Collection of Waves, edited by Zhang Yun and Zhang Zhaohe, died before its publication. Fortunately, my wife died at the age of 93, and Zhang Zhaohe was one year younger than her. The following year, she died at the age of 93. I wrote a postscript to this book.