What was the first vernacular novel published by Lu Xun?

"Diary of a Madman" is a short story written by Lu Xun, which is included in Lu Xun's collection of short stories "The Scream". It is also China's first modern vernacular novel. First published in "New Youth" monthly magazine, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 15, 1918. The content is roughly based on what a "madman" sees and hears, pointing out the decay of Chinese culture. "Diary of a Madman" is a milestone in the literary history of modern China, creating the tradition of revolutionary realism in Chinese new literature. There is also Gogol's work of the same name "Diary of a Madman".

Content

1 Tonight, the moonlight is very good. I haven't seen him for more than thirty years. But when I saw him today, I felt particularly refreshed. Only then did I realize that I had been in a daze for the past thirty years or so; however, I had to be very careful. Otherwise, why would the Zhao family's dog even look at me? I'm rightly afraid.

2 There is no moonlight today, I know something is wrong. When he went out carefully in the morning, Zhao Guiweng had a strange look in his eyes: he seemed to be afraid of me, as if he wanted to harm me. There were seven or eight people whispering about me, but they were afraid that I would see them. This is true for everyone along the way. The most ferocious person among them opened his mouth and smiled at me. I felt cold from head to toe, knowing that their arrangements were all in place. I'm not afraid, I'm still going my way. A group of children in front were also talking about me; their eyes were the same as Zhao Guiweng's, and their faces were ashen. I think I have some grudge against the child, and he does the same. I couldn't help shouting, "Tell me!" and they ran away. I thought: What grudges do I have against Zhao Guiweng, and what grudges do the people on the road have against me? Only twenty years ago, I kicked Mr. Gu Jiu's old journal, which made Mr. Gu Jiu very unhappy. Although Zhao Guiweng didn't know him, he must have heard the news and expressed his grievances. He also agreed that people on the road would fight against me. But what about small children? At that time, they were not born yet, so why are they still opening their strange eyes today, as if they were afraid of me and seemed to want to harm me. This really scares me, makes me curious and sad. I see. This is what their mother-in-law taught them!

Three I can’t sleep at night. Everything must be studied before you can understand it. Among them, there were some who had been yoked by the magistrate, some who had been slapped in the mouth by a gentleman, some who had been possessed by a government servant, and some who were forced to death by their creditors. Their expressions at that time were not as scared as they were yesterday, and they were not as scared as they were yesterday. So fierce. The strangest thing is that the woman on the street yesterday beat her son and said, "I'm going to bite you a few times before I get angry!" But he looked at me. I was startled and couldn't hide it; the group of people with green faces and fangs burst into laughter. Chen Laowu caught up and dragged me back home. When I was dragged home, everyone at home pretended not to know me; their faces were all the same as others. After entering the study, he locked the door behind him, as if he were locking up a chicken or duck. This incident makes me more and more unable to guess the details. A few days ago, the tenants of Langzi Village came to complain and told my eldest brother that a big evil man in their village was beaten to death by everyone; a few people dug out his heart and liver, fried them in oil, and ate them, which would strengthen his body. Take courage. I interrupted, and both the tenant and the eldest brother looked at me. Only today did I realize that their vision was exactly the same as that of the group outside. Thinking about it, I felt cold from the top of my head to my heels. If they can eat people, they may not eat me. Look at the woman's words of "bite you a few times", the smiles of the group of green-faced and fanged men, and the words of the tenants the day before yesterday. They are obviously secret codes. I saw that his words were full of poison and his smile was full of knives. Their teeth are all white and sharp, they are cannibals. According to my own opinion, although I am not a bad person, since I kicked the Gu family's book, it is hard to tell. They seemed to have ulterior motives, which I couldn't guess at all. Besides, when they fall out, they call people evil. I still remember that my elder brother taught me how to make a speech. No matter how good a person is, if he repeats a few sentences, he will make a few circles; if he forgives a bad person, he will say, "He is a master who makes a difference." I can guess what they are thinking; besides, it’s time to eat. Everything must be studied before you can understand it. People have often eaten people since ancient times. I still remember it, but I don’t know it clearly.

I looked up the history and found that there was no chronology in the history, and the words "benevolence, justice and morality" were written on each crooked page. I couldn't sleep anyway, so I read carefully for half the night, and then I saw the words between the words. There were two words written all over the book: "cannibalism"! There were so many words written in the book, and the tenants said so many things, but they all looked at me with strange eyes and smiles. I'm human too and they want to eat me!

Four In the morning, I sat quietly for a while. Chen Laowu brought in rice, a bowl of vegetables and a bowl of steamed fish; the fish's eyes were white and hard, and its mouth was open, just like that group of people who wanted to eat people. After eating a few chopsticks, I couldn't tell if it was a fish or a human being, so I vomited it out. I said, "Lao Wu, tell my elder brother that I'm bored and want to go for a walk in the garden." Lao Wu refused and left. After a while, he came and opened the door. I didn't move, studying how they manipulated me; I knew they would never relax. really! My eldest brother attracted an old man and walked slowly over; his eyes were filled with fierceness, and he was afraid that I would see it, so he just lowered his head to the ground and looked at me secretly from the side of his glasses. The eldest brother said, "You seem to be fine today." I said, "Yes." The eldest brother said, "Mr. He will be invited to come and give you a diagnosis today." I said, "Okay!" Actually, didn't I know that this old man was the executioner? Pretending! It's nothing more than using the name of checking the pulse to guess the fat and barrenness: because of this merit, I also eat a piece of meat. I'm not afraid either; although they don't eat people, they are more courageous than them. Hold out two fists and see how he will strike. The old man sat, closed his eyes, touched for a while, and stayed there for a while. Then he opened his ghostly eyes and said, "Don't think too much. Just rest quietly for a few days and you'll be fine." Don't think too much, just be quiet. Rest in peace! After being fattened, they can naturally eat more; what are the benefits to me and how can I be "well"? This group of people want to eat people, but they are also sneaky, trying to cover up, and dare not attack directly. It really makes me laugh to death. I couldn't help it, so I laughed loudly, very happily. I know that there is courage and righteousness in this laughter. The old man and the eldest brother both lost their composure and were suppressed by my courage and righteousness. But the more courage I have, the more they want to eat me and take advantage of this courage. The old man stepped out of the door and walked not far before he whispered to his elder brother, "Eat quickly!" The elder brother nodded. It turns out you are there too! Although this discovery seemed unexpected, it was also unexpected: the person who joins forces to eat me is my brother! It’s my brother who eats people! I am the brother of a cannibal! I myself was eaten, but I am still the brother of the cannibal!

V. In the past few days, I have taken a step back and thought: Even if the old man was not pretending to be an executioner, but was really a doctor, he would still be a cannibal. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by their founder Li Shizhen clearly states that human flesh can be fried and eaten; how can he still say that he does not eat humans? As for my eldest brother, I didn’t accuse him unfairly. When he was lecturing to me, he personally said that one could "exchange children and eat them"; another time when he happened to talk about a bad person, he said that not only should he be killed, but he should also "eat his flesh and sleep on his skin." I was still young at that time, and my heart beat for a long time. The day before yesterday, a tenant from Langzi Village told him about eating heart and liver. He was not surprised and kept nodding. It can be seen that his thoughts are as ruthless as before. Since it is possible to "exchange food for food", everything is easy to obtain and anyone can eat it. In the past, I only listened to his reasoning and was confused; now I know that when he is reasoning, not only is his lips smeared with human oil, but his heart is full of cannibalism.

Six It was so dark that I didn’t know whether it was day or night. The Zhao family's dog barked again. The ferocity of a lion, the timidity of a rabbit, the cunning of a fox...

Seven I know their methods, but I am not willing to kill them directly, and I also don't dare, for fear of causing trouble. So they all joined forces and laid a trap to force me to kill myself. Just look at the appearance of men and women on the street a few days ago, and what my eldest brother has done these days, you can understand eight or nine points. It would be best to take off the belt, hang it on the beam, and strangle it tightly. They were not charged with murder, and they got their wish, so naturally they all burst into whimpering laughter with joy. Otherwise, I will be frightened and worried to death. Although I am a little thin, I can still give my approval a few times.

They only eat dead meat! ——I remember reading in some book that there is a kind of thing called "Hai Yi Na", which has ugly eyes and appearance. It often eats dead meat, chews even the huge bones carefully, and then swallows it. It's scary to think about it. "Hai Yi Na" is the relative of the wolf, and the wolf is the parent family of the dog. The day before yesterday, the Zhao family's dog looked at me a few times, which showed that he was also complicit and had been contacted for a long time. The old man looked at the ground, how could he hide it from me? The most pitiable thing is my eldest brother. He is also a human being, so why is he not afraid? And why is he working together to eat me? Or are you just used to it and don’t think it’s wrong? Or have you lost your conscience and committed the crime knowingly? When I curse cannibals, I start with them; when I want to convert cannibals, I start with them.

Eight In fact, by now, they should have understood this truth... Suddenly a person came; he was only about twenty years old, his appearance was not very clear, and he was smiling, by the way. Nodding, his smile didn't look like a real smile. I asked him, "Cannibalism is a thing, right?" He still smiled and said, "It's not a year of famine, how can he eat people?" I immediately knew that he was also a member of the group and liked to eat people, so I took the courage to A hundred times more, I have to ask him. "Right?" "What are you asking him about such things? You really know how to tell jokes. ...The weather is very good today." The weather is good, and the moonlight is very bright. But I want to ask you, "right?" He disagreed. He replied with a smile, "No..." "No? Why did they eat it?!" "Nothing..." "Nothing? Langzi Village eats it now; and it's written in the book, it's red Brand new!" His face changed, as green as iron. He opened his eyes and said, "Yes, yes, this has always been like this..." "This has always been like this, does that mean it's right?" "I don't want to tell you these things; anyway, you shouldn't say it. If you say it, it's your fault!" Jump up, open your eyes, and the man is gone. A large amount of sweat broke out all over my body. He is much younger than my eldest brother, but he is actually in the same group; his mother must have taught him this first. He was also afraid that he had already taught this to his son; so even the children looked at me fiercely.

Nine. They wanted to eat people, but were afraid of being eaten by others. They all looked at each other with extremely suspicious eyes. ... Once I get rid of this thought, I can walk, eat and sleep with ease, how comfortable it is. This is just a threshold, a juncture. They were fathers, sons, brothers, couples, friends, teachers, students, enemies, and strangers. They all formed a group, encouraged each other, held each other in check, and refused to take this step even to death.

I went to look for my eldest brother early in the morning on the 10th day of the twelfth lunar month. He stood outside the hall door looking at the sky, so I walked behind him, blocked the door, and said to him very calmly and kindly, "Brother, I have I'll tell you." "That's what you say," he quickly turned around and nodded. "I only have a few words, but I can't say them out. Brother, in the past, barbaric people probably ate a few people. Later, because of different thoughts, some stopped eating people. They just wanted to be good, and they changed. Really. People. Some still eat them - just like insects, some have changed into fish, birds, and monkeys, and some have not become better, and they are still insects. How are these people eating people compared to people who don't eat people? Ashamed. The shame of a monkey is far, far worse than that of a bug. "Yi Ya steamed his son and gave it to Jie and Zhou. Who knows that since Pangu opened up the world, he has eaten Yi Ya's son; from Yi Ya's son, he has eaten Xu Xilin; from Xu Xilin, he has eaten people captured in Langzi Village. Last year, prisoners were killed in the city, and a man with tuberculosis dipped a steamed bun in the blood and licked it. "They want to eat me, and you can't think of it alone; but why join a group? People who eat people can't do anything; they will eat me, and they will eat you, and they will also eat themselves in a group. Eat. But as long as we change things immediately, everyone will be at peace. Even though this has always been the case, we can be extra friendly today and say no! Brother, I believe you can say that the tenants wanted to reduce their rent the day before yesterday. No." At first, he just sneered, but then his eyes became fierce, and once his secret was revealed, his face turned blue. There was a group of people standing outside the gate. Zhao Guiweng and his dog were also inside, and they all poked their heads in.

Some of them could not see their faces, as if they were covered with cloth; some of them still had green faces and fangs, smiling with their mouths pursed. I know them as a gang, they are all cannibals. But I also know that their thoughts are very different. One kind thinks that it has always been like this and should eat it; the other kind knows that he shouldn't eat it, but still wants to eat it, and is afraid that others will tell him off, so after hearing what I said, he became even more angry, but He pursed his lips and sneered. At this time, the eldest brother suddenly showed a fierce look and shouted loudly, "Get out! What's so good about a madman!" At this time, I learned another thing about their cleverness. Not only did they refuse to change, but they had already made plans to cover me with the name of a madman. If I eat it in the future, not only will it be safe, but I'm afraid someone will fall in love with it. The tenant said that everyone ate a bad person, and this was exactly the method. This is their old record! Chen Laowu also walked in angrily. No matter how you can hold my tongue, I have to say to this group of people, "You can change, start from the bottom of your heart! You must know that cannibals will not be tolerated in the world in the future. "If you don't change, you will also Will eat them all. Even if they give birth to many more, they will be eliminated by real people, just like a hunter who kills the wolf cubs! ——Same as a bug! "That group of people were all driven away by Chen Laowu. My eldest brother didn't know where he was. Chen Laowu advised me to go back to the house. The house was all dark. The beams and rafters were shaking on my head; they were shaking. After a while, it grew so heavy that I couldn't move. He meant that he wanted me to die. I struggled out and said, "I'm sweating." You should change immediately and start from the bottom of your heart! You must know that in the future, cannibals will not be tolerated..."

The sun does not rise on the eleventh day, the door does not open, and there are only two meals a day. I picked up the chopsticks and thought of my elder brother He knew that the reason for his sister's death was all his fault. My sister was only five years old at that time, and she still looked cute and pitiful. Her mother couldn't stop crying, but he persuaded her not to cry. It was probably because she had eaten. I feel a little sorry. If I can still feel sorry for myself... I don't know if my mother knew that the girl was eaten by her elder brother. But she didn't explain it when she cried. She probably thought it was right. . I remember when I was four or five years old, I was sitting in front of the church enjoying the cool air. My eldest brother said that my mother-in-law was sick and a son must cut off a piece of meat and cook it for him to eat. , I can eat the whole thing, but the way I cried that day is really sad when I think about it. This is really a strange thing!

Twelve can’t think about it. As for people, I realized today that I have been among them for many years; my eldest brother was taking care of the housework, and my sister happened to be dead. He might not have been with me in the meal, and he might have eaten it for us secretly. I might not have stopped eating me unintentionally. A few pieces of the girl's flesh, now it's my turn... With four thousand years of cannibalism under my belt, I didn't know it at first, but now I understand that it's hard to see a real person!

Thirteen has no one! A child who has eaten people, or is there still one? Save the child...

April 1918