What are the inventions and contributions of the four ancient civilizations? Urgent!

The scientific and technological achievements created by the four ancient civilizations have made great contributions to the development history of human civilization. They have many similarities and differences. They all originated in the great river basin, where the natural geographical conditions are superior, especially the rivers provide fertile alluvial plains and favorable irrigation conditions, which greatly promote the development of agriculture, thus developing other science and technology and creating great ancient civilization. At the same time, their science and technology all come from social practice, belonging to the same type, that is, the agricultural practice mode of the Bronze Age. This makes their science and technology have similarities in many aspects and has made brilliant achievements in many aspects. However, due to the differences in production practice, there are still many differences in their science and technology. Egypt pays more attention to geometry because of the need to re-measure the land after the Nile floods. At the same time, people developed their medicine to preserve corpses, and the pyramids also reflected their great achievements in engineering. Babylon, on the other hand, relies on astronomical calendar for agricultural production, so its astronomical calendar is relatively developed and its arithmetic achievements are also very outstanding; India, on the other hand, is greatly influenced by religion, medicine is relatively developed, and people attach importance to pure thinking. Buddhism is the religion with the highest philosophical level in the world. On the basis of practice, our ancestors created developed handicrafts and accumulated rich theoretical achievements, but they were not or rarely dominated and infiltrated by religious thoughts. From the following table, we can see the comparison of the scientific and technological achievements of the four ancient civilizations: (see table) All the four ancient civilizations have had brilliant scientific and technological achievements, which have spread all over the world and made indelible great contributions to mankind for a long time. Especially after it spread to Greece and the Mediterranean coast, it created a more brilliant scientific and technological civilization there. Not only that, many of their scientific and technological achievements are still well known to the world and affect people's lives. Such as Egyptian pyramids, Babylonian week, Indian Buddhism, China pottery, silk and acupuncture. Therefore, it can be said that modern scientific and technological civilization is based on the scientific and technological civilization of the four ancient civilizations. The scientific and technological achievements of the four ancient civilizations are brilliant and immortal! (1) There are many expositions about science and technology in code of hammurabi, which is the embodiment of the scientific and technological achievements of ancient Babylon. Philosophy is a social science, but it is based on natural science and has great influence on science and technology. But after all, they are all based on agricultural natural economy and are the representatives of agricultural civilization. With the gradual development of social economy, the capitalist mode of production and commodity economy in Europe have risen rapidly, and the agricultural civilization of the four ancient civilizations has gone through a very long process, and they all fell behind the western capitalist civilization after18th century. Of course, the decline of the four ancient civilizations also has many historical reasons, such as religious influence, foreign invasion and so on. It is our bounden duty today to understand the great scientific and technological achievements created by our ancestors, reflect on the course of world scientific and technological development, and understand the laws of invention and creation, so as to learn scientific and cultural knowledge more consciously and make due contributions to the progress and development of our nation and mankind.