The origin of the white horse king

In the process of long-term belief, the story of the White Horse King has been continuously developed and enriched, which shows the spiritual pursuit of Fuzhou people to admire heroes and conquer nature, and embodies the local characteristics of Fuzhou Taoism's tolerance and good creation of gods. In the Song Dynasty, Liang Kejia compiled the Record of Three Mountains, saying, "A good stream, which runs widely and economically, should show the blessing of the Temple of the King, north of Gushan and south of Mahayana. There are two pools in the gorge, and the lower pool is six feet wide, which is immeasurable. (Note: It is five miles from Shangtan. Yesterday, Wang Ying, the third son of Fujian and Guangdong, summoned up his courage and killed the big eel in this three-foot pond. Because of the temple, the natives called it Baima Sabro. " It is also recorded that during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the temple prayed for rain many times to show its gods, which was praised by officials and sealed by the court. However, the local people mistakenly regarded the big eel as a god and named it eel creek. In the eighth year of Song Chun (1248), the county magistrate Chen Long begged for rain, and the county magistrate was renamed Shaanxi. Sanshan Zhi was written in the ninth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 182). It is the earliest and most complete county annals in Fuzhou and even Fujian, among which the allusions about the belief in the White Horse King in Eel Creek are the earliest. Here, it is only recorded that Taitai Baimasaburo shot and killed the giant eel, which showed his divine power. The natives set up a temple to sacrifice, but there is no record of the giant eel harming people, Taitai Baimasaburo and his entourage.

More than 300 years later, there was a record of the martyrdom of the white horse in "Geography of Eight Min Tongzhi Mountains and Rivers" compiled by Huang during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty: "Mountain, formerly known as Eel Creek. There are two pools between Sangxili Mountain and Mahayana Mountain Gorge. The lower pool is six feet wide and unfathomable, and the upper pool is five miles. According to legend, there was a big eel in Yingxi River, which was three feet long. Ying's third son, Mrs. Saburo Baima, had the courage to film it. The eel is very angry and pesters its tail. Saburo and his men drowned, and the people in the city built a temple to worship it. " It not only increased the plot of Ying Sanzi's martyrdom with the horse when he shot the eel, but also changed the title of "White Horse" sealed by the natives when they built the temple to his real name before his death. It provides space for people to develop their imagination on this issue in the future.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yingshan's Notes on the Capital of Fujian and Lin Feng's Archaeological Sketch of Rongcheng in Qing Dynasty successively added the theories of "harming the people" and "harming Fujian" after the theory of "Eight Min Tongzhi". Du Min Bieji, a novel in Ganjia period of Qing Dynasty, has a richer and more vivid description. White horse saburo is not only famous, but also increases the plot of leopard injury, eel injury and white horse saburo's sacrifice, making the hero image more vivid and full. At the same time, the source of Mrs. White Horse Saburo's name was changed to "Mrs. White Horse Saburo in the Army" to show her bravery. Because of the wide spread of the novel, the image and story of the folk white horse saburo have been basically confused with Du Min Abei Ji, which is far from the records in Liang Kejia's Three Mountains Ji. In addition, in the Five Dynasties, the king of Fujian used the name of "White Horse", and later generations recorded that his name in the army was "White Horse". After his death, he was also honored as the god of the white horse king, causing confusion among the people and often making jokes about "Guan Yu's war".

However, folk creation is more than that. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a drama "White Horse for King". Although the plot describes the story of Mrs. White Horse Saburo shooting eel fish in Eel Creek, the eel essence has become the incarnation of Princess Shishan, the daughter of the Dragon King. She had a marriage with Mrs. Bai Ma Saburo, and after mutually assured destruction in the struggle, she became a fairy couple. Saburo was named the White Horse that respected the king, and Princess Shishan was named Lady Yingde. Therefore, White Horse Saburo has the title of "White Horse for King". In the future, many temples dedicated to Mrs. White Horse Saburo will be called White Horse Temple for King, and some temples will also be dedicated to the gods of Mrs. Wang.

Later, five marshals and 18 generals accompanying Mrs. Bai Ma Saburo were killed at the same time, and the relics drifted into gods, casting a mysterious color on the fate of some temples in Fuzhou. For example, in the Baimawang Temple in Yingzhou, Taijiang, there is a legend that Mrs. Baimasaburo's boots drifted from Eel Creek to Yingzhou, Taijiang, and were picked up by the people as sacred objects. White horse saburo is regarded as a god and enjoys the title of "White Horse King of Han Dynasty" (Hanfan House refers to the royal family of Fujian and Vietnam as a vassal of Han Dynasty). Although the Ankang Mountain Temple in Jin did not offer sacrifices to white horses, it offered sacrifices to five marshals who died at the same time, namely Liu, He, Wang, Deng and Chen, and distributed them to other temples. Due to the large number of five marshals, some temples only invite Liu and Deng, two high-ranking marshals, to be the main gods or sacrifices. Cangshan Sansheng Temple, although the main god is still a white horse, has added King Kang Yi and King Mountain Patrol, who are said to be his sworn brothers, hence the name Sansheng. The origin of the two brothers has nothing to do with the Historical Records of Eel Creek. Stranger still, in the Andan folklore of Taijiang, there was once a doctor named Zou Wen, who was also killed with Mrs. Bai Ma Saburo. After death, he became a god, appeared repeatedly, and was respected as a doctor and a king. Later, a temple was built in Andan for worship, and the incense was flourishing, making him the only doctor in Fuzhou, the temple of respecting the king.

With the continuous creation of local chronicles and folklore, the content of the belief in the White Horse King is constantly enriched and the belief system is constantly expanding. It inherited the belief of King Yue of Han people and the belief of Five Marshal Gods, and it has spread all over Fuzhou and moved to Taiwan Province Province with the spread of immigrants.