An article about Lu Xun.

First of all, the madman in A Madman's Diary suffers from "persecution mania". From a medical point of view, the prominent symptom is that the patient is in a state of reactive delusion, and everything around him may cause suspicious reactions due to the characteristics of something: either suspecting that someone is hurting him or insulting him. Therefore, the madman in The Madman's Diary has obvious "suspicious" characteristics, or conversely, what Lu Xun emphasized in The Madman's Diary is the madman's "suspicious". (Of course, we can't put the paranoia of the madman in the works on Lu Xun, as will be mentioned below. )

Secondly, according to Lu Xun's creative situation, some works in Lu Xun's novels, such as Diary of a Madman, focus on the activities of a certain factor in the character's inner heart and spiritual world, rather than on depicting the appearance of the character (appearance, words and deeds, resume, events, etc.). ) I like The True Story of Ah Q, Kong Yiji, Blessing and Hometown. Although this kind of works have characters' words and deeds, the leading factor of the works is some kind of spiritual consciousness. In Diary of a Madman, the first part of the novel begins with the following words:

Tonight, the moonlight is good. I haven't seen you for more than thirty years; Seeing you today is very refreshing. Only then did I know that I was dizzy for more than 30 years before; However, you must be very careful. Why else would Zhao's dog look at me?

I feel horrible.

The consciousness of the characters appeared at the beginning of the novel. Lu Xun used the comprehensive consciousness of "very good" to grasp the moonlight, rather than a single visual vocabulary such as bright and clear. Next, "I" appeared, but for readers, "I" is invisible, let alone tall or short, fat or thin, old or young. In essence, the consciousness of "I" continues to lead readers: "I haven't seen you for more than 30 years" is a conscious recognition of the feeling of "moonlight is good"; The phrase "seeing you today is particularly refreshing" is a new grasp of consciousness; "I only know that in the past 30 years, I have all fainted; However, we must be very careful ",which is the emergence of new consciousness after conscious recognition;" ""Why else would Zhao's dog look at me? "The new consciousness began to bring new objective objects into the scope of consciousness-note that this is not an objective description of Zhao Gou seeing people, but a grasp of this fact by consciousness." I feel horrible. "In this sentence, consciousness moves towards judgment. According to this way of analysis, it is not difficult to draw the track of stream of consciousness running through the whole novel. So from this perspective, Diary of a Madman is a novel that shows the process of consciousness. In a word, Diary of a Madman is a conscious novel.

Third, there is a sentence at the end of the novel: "I have a history of eating people for 4,000 years. Although I didn't know it at first, I understand now that it is difficult to meet real people! " Lu Xun's title here is "I" with a history of 4,000 years, and compares "real person" with "I", implying that "I" is not a specific person, but an artistic setting. Of course, "I" can only be a person, and only one person can carry someone's consciousness, but in Diary of a Madman, this person will not be a real and concrete persecutor. In Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun made a few rules that can fully express the characteristics of this patient from the perspective of a persecutor. "I" has no first name and surname, no explanation of etiology, no explanation of medical history, and a very wide range of living environment and times. On the other hand, Lu Xun vividly grasped the characteristics of such patients as "persecutors". This shows that "I" as a concrete existence is not important. Lu Xun chose a madman, not because he was a madman, but because choosing a madman conformed to Lu Xun's artistic setting and artistic expression. If the "I" in the novel is an ordinary person, then Lu Xun can't show this "suspicious" consciousness in him. Judging from the actual situation of the novel, the symptoms of the madman "I" are the same as those of the persecutor. In fact, "I" is just a carrier. On the one hand, "I" bear the symptoms of a madman in order to achieve the artistic truth required by the novel. On the other hand, it is more important that the symptoms of "I" are consistent with what the author wants to express on a certain level. In the specific text creation, a writer can't impose his own things on the characters in his works naked. On the contrary, he can only follow the personality characteristics and development laws of the selected characters and integrate his own things. Due to the artistic choice and artist's artistic expression ability, Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman, on the one hand, describes the symptoms and words of a persecutor very truly, but on the other hand, it also shows that the novel does not want to express the symptoms of a persecutor, but to express the identity of a madman is actually the author's own business. In other words, Lu Xun chose the madman because the madman has obvious "suspicious" characteristics, which coincides with the core expression of Lu Xun's "suspicious" consciousness. So Lu Xun chose a madman to carry the consciousness of "paranoia". The author's important performance is not this person, but the "paranoid" consciousness carried by this "I".

After such combing, the novel Diary of a Madman can be said to be based on the paranoia carried by a madman and some characteristics of this consciousness.

The question is: Can the paranoia in A Madman's Diary be related to the paranoia of Lu Xun?

This is also the second condition to be discussed.

Mr. Lu Xun is a man with strong self-awareness, and uses it to control his behavior, which is also reflected in his text creation. Lu Xun repeatedly emphasized the self-awareness in his works: "I try to avoid nagging in writing. As long as I feel enough to convey my meaning to others, I would rather have no foil. " "There is probably some truth in what I have seen and heard, but I will never use all this fact, just take one end, transform it, or expand it until I can almost fully express my meaning." Broadly speaking, all writers' works must contain the expression of the writer's spiritual world, but because of the different artistic thinking of writers, their performances in specific works are also different. Sometimes, the objective content of a work is separated from the spiritual consciousness expressed by the writer, and sometimes the objective content of a work is integrated with the spiritual consciousness expressed by the writer. The former is a blessing. Through the objective content of the text of Blessing, we can grasp Lu Xun's feelings for such figures as Xianglinsao, such as Diary of a Madman, Ever-burning Lamp, Passer-by and Such a Warrior. The author objectively describes a certain fact of a certain character and at the same time incorporates a certain consciousness. For example, in Diary of a Madman, "This has never happened, has it?" Cross-examination can be the cross-examination of a madman or Mr. Lu Xun. The relationship between Lu Xun and A Madman's Diary has gradually attracted the attention of researchers: "Almost all the psychological characteristics and performances of Lu Xun can be seen in A Madman's Diary." "In Diary of a Madman, the morbid psychology of persecution is itself the transformation he (Lu Xun) experienced personally." "Therefore, the madman is not only an anti-feudal revolutionary Democrat, but also an image of a cultural visionary and an externalization of Lu Xun's rebellious spirit." ? These views are pertinent, but they don't pay attention to the difference between the madman image and Lu Xun. In Diary of a Madman, the active features of paranoid consciousness are firstly attributed to a madman suffering from persecution, but these attributes can't be applied to Lu Xun. However, the artistic setting and how to set the madman and the expression of "paranoia" are all realized according to Lu Xun's mind's interpretation and description of "paranoia", and the interpretation and description of "paranoia" is naturally influenced by Lu Xun. Therefore, it is possible and significant to grasp Lu Xun's paranoia from Diary of a Madman, but to grasp the essence and personality of Lu Xun's paranoia from it, we must enter the work and distinguish the paranoia of a madman from Lu Xun's paranoia in some way.

Diary of a Madman should "expose the disadvantages of family system and ethics". Although the work is Diary of a Madman, it always revolves around the phenomenon of cannibalism that has existed in China for thousands of years. Its intention is to tell everyone that in the history of "benevolence, righteousness and morality", in fact, the whole book only wrote two words: "cannibalism"! This is Lu Xun's definition of feudal morality and the result of his years of thinking. Through the eyes of the protagonist's madman, the work observes the people around him: "They-some slapped the magistrate, some slapped the gentleman, some occupied their wives for the sake of the chieftain, and some were forced to death by creditors." However, instead of fighting against cannibalism, they will follow suit. The madman is puzzled by this, and the author is very angry about it: "It has been used like this all the time. Are you right?" Or did you lose your conscience and knowingly commit a crime? "In the eyes of lunatics or authors, these people will eventually be eaten if they don't change, and the hope for the future can only be pinned on those' or children who don't eat people'. So, he uttered the voice of "Help the children ...".